号顿市安谧阳光实验学校Unit 3 Fairness for all Part Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 3 Fairness for allciviladj.1. [only before noun] connected with the people who live in a country: civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people within a country) civil war2. [only before noun] connected with the state rather than with religion or with the armed forces: a civil marriage ceremony3. [only before noun] involving personal legal matters and not criminal law: a civil court—compare criminal civil law4. polite in a formal way but possibly not friendly: The less time I have to spend being civil to him the better!registerverbPUT NAME ON LIST1. ~ (at / for / with sth)| ~ sth (in sth)| ~ (sb) as sth to record your/sb’s/sth’s name on an official list: [vn] to register a birth / marriage / death to register a company / trademark The ship was registered in Panama. [vn-adj] She is officially registered (as) disabled. [v] to register with a doctor to register at a hotel GIVE OPINION PUBLICLY2.[vn] (formal) to make your opinion known officially or publicly:China has registered a protest over foreign intervention.ON MEASURING INSTRUMENT3. if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount: [v-n] The thermometer registered 32°C. The earthquake registered 3. on the Richter scale. The stock exchange has registered huge losses this week. [also v]SHOW FEELING4. [no passive] (formal) to show or express a feeling: [vn] Her face registered disapproval. [v] Shock registered on everyone’s face. NOTICE STH5. [no passive] (often used in negative sentences) to notice sth and remember it; to be noticed: [vn] He barely registered our presence. [v] I told her my name, but it obviously didn’t register.LETTER / PACKAGE6. [vn] [usually passive] to send sth by mail, paying extra money to protect it against loss or damage: Can I register this, please? aregistered letternounLIST OF NAMES1. [C] an official list or record of names, items, etc.; a book thatcontains such a list: a parish register (= of births, marriages and deaths) to be on the electoral register / register of voters Could you sign the hotel register please, sir? (BrE) The teacher called the register (= checked who was present at school).OF VOICE / INSTRUMENT2. [C] the range, or part of a range, of a human voice or a musical instrument: in the upper / middle / lower register OF WRITING / SPEECH3. [C, U] (linguistics) the level and style of a piece of writing or speech, that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used in: The essay suddenly switches from a formal to an informal register.FOR HOT / COLD AIR4. [C] (NAmE) an opening, with a cover that you can have open or shut, that allows hot or cold air from a heating or cooling system into a room prohibitverb ~ sth| ~ sb from doing sth (formal)1. [often passive] to stop sth from being done or used especially by law; forbid: [vn] a law prohibiting the sale of alcohol Soviet citizens wereprohibited from travelling abroad. [also v -ing, vn -ing] 2. to makesth impossible to do; prevent: The high cost of equipment prohibits manypeople from taking up this sport.offencenoun1. [C] ~ (against sb/sth) an illegal act; crime: a criminal / serious / minor / sexual, etc. offence a first offence (= the first time that sb has been found guilty of a crime) a capital offence (= one for which sb may be punished by death) He was not aware that he had committed an offence. an offence against society / humanity / the state New legislation makes it an offence to carry guns.2. [U] the act ofupsetting or insulting sb: I’m sure he meant no offence when he said that. The photo may cause offence to some people. No one will takeoffence (= feel upset or insulted) if you leave early. Don’t be so quick to take offence.tradition noun [C, U] a belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people; a set of these beliefs or customs: religious / cultural, etc. traditions This region issteeped in tradition. The company has a long tradition of fine design.The British are said to love tradition (= to want to do things in the way they have always been done). They broke with tradition (= did things differently) and got married quietly. By tradition, children playtricks on 1 April. There’s a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year’s Eve. He’s a politician in the tradition of (= similar in style to) Kennedy.submit verb (-tt-)1. [vn] ~ sth (to sb/sth) to give a document, proposal, etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it: to submit an application / a claim / a complaint Completed projects must be submitted by 1.0 March.2. ~ (yourself) (to sb/sth) to accept the authority, control or greater strength of sb/sth; to agree to sth because of this; give in to sb/sth, yield: She refused to submit to threats. He submitted himself to asearch by the guards. 3. [v that] (law or formal) to say or suggest sth: Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.seize verb [vn]1. ~ sth (from sb) to take sb/sth in your hand suddenly and using force; grab: She tried to seize the gun from him. He seized her by the arm. She seized hold of my hand.2. ~ sth (from sb) to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently: They seized the airport in a surprise attack. The army has seized control of the country. He seized power in a military coup.3. to arrest or capture sb: The men wereseized as they left the building. 4. to take illegal or stolen goods away from sb: A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid. 5. ~ a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc. to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc.; grab: The party seized the initiativewith both hands (= quickly and with enthusiasm). 6. (of an emotion) toaffect sb suddenly and deeply: Panic seized her. He was seized by curiosity.negotiateverb1. [v] ~ (with sb) (for / about sth) to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion: The government will not negotiate with terrorists. We havebeen negotiating for more pay. a strong negotiating position negotiating skills 2. [vn] to arrange or agree sth by formal discussion: to negotiate a deal / contract / treaty / settlement We successfully negotiated the release of the hostages. 3. [vn] to successfully get overor past a difficult part on a path or route: The climbers had to negotiate a steep rock face.marchverb1.[usually +adv. / prep.] to walk with stiff regular steps like a soldier: [v] Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government buildings. Quick march! (= the order to start marching) [vn] They marched 20 miles to reach the capital.2. [v + adv. / prep.] to walk somewhere quickly in a determined way: She marched over to me and demanded an apology.3. [vn + adv. / prep.] to force sb to walk somewhere with you: The guards marched the prisoner away. She was marched out of the door and into a waiting car.saluteverb1. to touch the side of your head with the fingers of your right hand to show respect, especially in the armed forces: [v] The sergeant stood to attention and saluted. [vn] to salute the flag / an officer2.[vn] (formal) to express respect and admiration for sb/sth; acknowledge: The players saluted the fans before leaving the field. The president saluted the courage of those who had fought for their country.noun1. [C] the action of raising your right hand to the side of your head as a sign of respect, especially between soldiers and officers: He returned the salute as he passed the line of guards.2. [C, U] a thing that you say or do to show your admiration or respect for sb/sth or to welcome sb: He raised his hat as a friendly salute. His first words were a salute to the people of South Africa. They all raised their glasses in salute. The occasion was organized as a salute to a century of change.3. [C] an official occasion when guns are fired into the air to show respect for an important person: a 2.1.-gun saluteabusenoun1.[U, sing.] ~ (of sth) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful: alcohol / drug / solvent abuse He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. The system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse (= might be used in the wrong way). What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.2.[U, pl.] unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb: child abuse sexual abuse reported abuses by the secret police She suffered years of physical abuse.3. [U] rude and offensive remarks, usually made when sb is very angry: to scream / hurl / shout abuse a stream / torrent of abuse insults: The man burst into a torrent of foul-mouthed racist abuse.verb [vn]1. to make bad use of sth, or to use so much of sth that it harms your health:to abuse alcohol / drugs He systematically abused his body withheroin and cocaine. 2. to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly: She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. He felt they had abused his trust by talking about him to the press (= tricked him, although he had trusted them). 3. to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually: All the children had been physically and emotionally abused. He had abused his own daughter (= had sex with her). The boy had been sexually abused. 4. to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb; insult: The referee had been threatened and abused.hostilitynoun1. [U] ~ (to / towards sb/sth) unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour: feelings of hostility towards people from other backgrounds There was open hostility between the two schools.2.[U] ~ (to / towards sth) strong and angry opposition towards an idea, a plan or a situation: public hostility to nuclear power3. hostilities [pl.] (formal) acts of fighting in a war: the start / outbreak of hostilities between the two sides a cessation of hostilities (= an end to fighting)resolveverb(formal)1.[vn] to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty; settle: to resolve an issue / a dispute / a conflict / a crisis Attempts are being made to resolve the problem of security in schools. Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. Be patient and the situation may resolve itself.2. ~ (on sth / on doing sth) to make a firm decision to do sth:[v to inf] He resolved not to tell her the truth. [v (that)] She resolved (that) she would never see him again. [v] We had resolved on making an early start.3.(of a committee, meeting, etc.) to reach a decision by means of a formal vote: [v that] It was resolved that the matter be referred to a higher authority. [v to inf] The Supreme Council resolved to resume control over the national press.resolve into sth| resolve sth into sth1. to separate or to be separated into its parts: to resolve a complex argument into its basic elements2.(of sth seen or heard at a distance) to gradually turn into a different form when it is seen or heard more clearly: The orange light resolved itself into four lanterns.3. to gradually become or be understood as sth: The discussion eventually resolved itself into two main issues.noun [U] ~ (to do sth) (formal) strong determination to achieve sth; resolution: The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve. The government reiterated its resolve to uncover the truth. It was a test of his stamina and resolve. She did not weaken in her resolve.prayernoun1.[C] ~ (for sb/sth) words which you say to God giving thanks or asking for help:to say your prayers prayers for the sick He arrived at that very moment, as if in answer to her prayer. Their prayers were answered and the child was found safe and well.2.[C] a fixed form of words that you can say when you speak to God: It was a prayer she had learnt as a child. the Lord’s Prayer3. [U] the act or habit of praying: They knelt in prayer. We believe in the power of prayer.4.[C, usually sing.] a thing that you hope for very much: My prayer is that one day he will walk again.supremeadj. [usually before noun]1.highest in rank or position: the Supreme Commander of the armed forces the supreme champion It is an event in which she reigns supreme.2. very great or the greatest in degree: to make the supreme sacrifice (= die for what you believe in) a supreme effort She smiled with supreme confidence.nationwideadj. happening or existing in all parts of a particular country: a nationwide campaign The police conducted a nationwide hunt for the missing prisoners.adv.: The company has over 5.00 stores nationwide.fundamentaladj.1.serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of sth; basic: There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required. a question of fundamental importance2. ~ (to sth) central; forming the necessary basis of sth; essential: Hard work is fundamental to success.3.[only before noun] (physics) forming the source or base from which everything else is made; not able to be divided any further: a fundamental particlenoun [usually pl.] a basic rule or principle; an essential part: the fundamentals of modern physics He taught me the fundamentals of the job. skimverb (-mm-)1.[vn] ~ (sth off / from) sth to remove fat, cream, etc. from the surface of a liquid: Skim the scum off the jam and let it cool. Skim the jam and let it cool.2. [no passive] ~ (along / over, etc.) sth to move quickly and lightly over a surface, not touching it or only touching it occasionally; to make sth do this: [v] We watched the birds skimming overthe lake. (figurative) His eyes skimmed over her face. [vn] The speedboat took off, skimming the waves. (figurative) This report has barely skimmed the surface of the subject. (BrE) Small boys were skimming stones across the water. 3.~ (through / over) sth to read sth quickly in order to find a particular point or the main points: [v] He skimmed through the article trying to find his name. [vn] I always skim the financial section of the newspaper. 4. [vn] (informal) to steal small amounts of money frequently over a period of time: She’d been skimming money from the store’s accounts for years.5. [v, vn] to illegally copy electronic information from a credit card in order to use it without the owner’s permission: It is estimated that skimming now accounts for almost 5.0% of credit card fraud.skim sth/sb off to take for yourself the best part of sth, often in an unfair way: Private companies should not be allowed to skim off profitable sectors of the postal service.evidentadj.~ (to sb) (that ... )| ~ (in / from sth) clear; easily seen; obvious: It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made. The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses. The orchestra played with evident enjoyment. briefadj. (briefer, briefest)1. lasting only a short time; short: a brief visit / meeting / conversation a brief pause / silence M ozart’s life was brief.2. using few words: a brief description / summary / account Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly).3. (of clothes) short and not covering much of the body: a brief skirtin brief in a few words, without details: In brief, the meeting was a disaster. Now the rest of the news in brief.noun1. (BrE) the instructions that a person is given explaining what their job is and what their duties are: It wasn’t part of his brief to speak to the press. I was given the brief of reorganizing the department. to stick to your brief (= to only do what you are asked to do) to prepare / produce a brief for sb2. (BrE, law) a legal case that is given to a lawyer to argue in court; a piece of work for a barrister: Will you accept this brief?3.(BrE, informal) a solicitor or a defence lawyer: I want to see my brief.hold no brief for sb/sth (BrE, formal) to not support or be in favour of sb/sth: I hold no brief for either side in this war.verb~ sb (on / about sth) to give sb information about sth so that they are prepared to deal with it:[vn] The officer briefed her on what to expect.I expect to be kept fully briefed at all times. [also vn to inf] creednouna set of principles or religious beliefs: people of all races, colours and creeds What is his political creed?almightyadj.1. (in prayers) having complete power: Almighty God, have mercy on us.2.[only before noun] (informal) very great or severe: an almighty bang / crash / roar3. (taboo, offensive) used in the expressions shown in the example, to express surprise or anger: Christ / God Almighty! What the hell do you think you are doing?4. the Almightynoun [sing.] God: to pray to the Almightydominateverb1. to control or have a lot of influence over sb/sth, especially in an unpleasant way: [vn] As a child he was dominated by his father. He tended to dominate the conversation. [v] She always says a lot in meetings, but she doesn’t dominate.2. [vn] to be the most important or noticeable feature of sth: The train crash dominated the news.3.[vn] to be the largest, highest or most obvious thing in a place: The cathedral dominates the city.4. [vn, v] (sport) to play much better than your opponent in a game: Arsenal dominated the first half of the match. domination noun [U]: political domination companies fighting for domination of the software market。
