librarycomputational manager
communication
I
N
T
E
R
N
E
T
local
data region
Integrated Interpreter/CompilerMachineVirtual(II/CVM)interpretive module/JITcompilercontroller/
scheduler
II/CVM
compiler
心理学报 2010, Vol. 42, No.2, 173−184Acta Psychologica Sinica DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2010.00173收稿日期: 2009-07-22* 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地研究项目(08JJOXLX269)、国家自然科学基金项目(30700233)、广东省自然科学基金团队项目 (06200524)、中科院心理所青年基金项目(07CX132013)、河北省科技厅项目(054572170)。
通讯作者: 张积家, E-mail: Zhangjj@173汉−英双语者言语理解中语码切换的机制*—— 来自亚词汇水平的证据崔占玲2,3 张积家1(1华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631) (2中国科学院心理研究所, 脑与认知科学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101)(3河北师范大学民族学院, 石家庄 050091)摘 要 以汉字义符和英文词后缀为对象, 考察了汉–英双语者语码切换的机制及切换代价的来源。
结果表明: (1) 在亚词汇水平上, 汉字义符和英文词后缀影响字词认知的过程, 但对语码切换代价的影响不显著, 支持语码切换与任务转换的发生机制相同的观点。
(2) 语言熟练程度是影响语码切换代价及切换代价不对称性的主要原因。
整个研究表明, 在亚词汇水平上, 语码切换与任务转换的实质相同。
参考任务转换中切换代价的来源, 归纳了语码切换代价的可能来源。
关键词 亚词汇水平; 汉字义符; 英文词后缀; 语码切换; 切换代价 分类号 B8421 前言在语言学上, 掌握两种或多种语言的个体称为双语者(bilingual)。
双语者在不同语言或方言之间转换的行为称为语码切换(language switching) (Grosjean, 1992)。
已有研究发现, 在语码切换中, 相对于单一语言系列的加工, 混合语言系列的加工时间更长, 错误率更高, 二者之间的差异被称为语码切换代价(switching cost)。
Rank ISSN Abbreviated Journal Title Full Title9990027-8424P NATL ACAD SCI USA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACAD 81701949-3045IEEE T AFFECT COMPUT IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 84442162-237X IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and 84272157-6904ACM T INTEL SYST TEC ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems an 68301553-877X IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND 49961069-2509INTEGR COMPUT-AID E INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGIN 53501134-3060ARCH COMPUT METHOD E A RCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHO 13860045-7825COMPUT METHOD APPL M COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MEC 67701548-7660J STAT SOFTW Journal of Statistical Software52011089-778X IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONAR 28820360-0300ACM COMPUT SURV ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS2020004-5411J ACM JOURNAL OF THE ACM17070129-0657INT J NEURAL SYST International Journal of Neural Systems 32390730-0301ACM T GRAPHIC ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS 16230098-3500ACM T MATH SOFTWARE ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICA 25380276-7783MIS QUART MIS QUARTERLY10020028-0836NATURE NATURE12390036-8075SCIENCE SCIENCE84682168-2267IEEE T CYBERNETICS IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 84692168-2291IEEE T HUM-MACH SYST IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Sys 80771939-1374IEEE T SERV COMPUT IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 80531936-4954SIAM J IMAGING SCI SIAM journal on imaging sciences 74061741-1106INT J WEB GRID SERV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB AND 69801570-7873J GRID COMPUT JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING 6010019-0578ISA T ISA TRANSACTIONS6410020-7225INT J ENG SCI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEE 63561475-9217STRUCT HEALTH MONIT STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN 50001069-4730J ENG EDUC JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 10370029-5981INT J NUMER METH ENG INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMER 63311474-0346ADV ENG INFORM ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATIC 69461568-4946APPL SOFT COMPUT APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING67281545-5963IEEE ACM T COMPUT BI IEEE-ACM Transactions on Computational 69191566-2535INFORM FUSION Information Fusion40001-0782COMMUN ACM COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 19840167-739X FUTURE GENER COMP SY FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYS 49081063-6560EVOL COMPUT EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION 49421064-5462ARTIF LIFE ARTIFICIAL LIFE38150920-5691INT J COMPUT VISION INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUT 2000004-3702ARTIF INTELL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE41110950-7051KNOWL-BASED SYST KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 68521556-603X IEEE COMPUT INTELL M IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 65901532-4435J MACH LEARN RES JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESE 19980167-9236DECIS SUPPORT SYST DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 22530219-1377KNOWL INF SYST KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTE 38700924-9907J MATH IMAGING VIS JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL IMAGING 50891077-2626IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATIO 58661382-3256EMPIR SOFTW ENG EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING51711086-4415INT J ELECTRON COMM INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRO 52031089-7801IEEE INTERNET COMPUT IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING19800167-7055COMPUT GRAPH FORUM COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM 25010272-1732IEEE MICRO IEEE MICRO5790018-9162COMPUTER COMPUTER33440740-7459IEEE SOFTWARE IEEE SOFTWARE24540268-3962J INF TECHNOL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLO 6210020-0255INFORM SCIENCES INFORMATION SCIENCES43120963-8687J STRATEGIC INF SYST JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION 65871532-2882J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY F 34740868-4952INFORMATICA-LITHUAN INFORMATICA14920077-8923ANN NY ACAD SCI ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY O 74301742-5689J R SOC INTERFACE Journal of the Royal Society Interface 69741570-5838APPL ONTOL Applied Ontology81311943-068X IEEE T COMP INTEL AI IEEE Transactions on Computational Intellig 68491556-4681ACM T KNOWL DISCOV D ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery 76681758-0366INT J BIO-INSPIR COM International Journal of Bio-Inspired Compu 79371877-7503J COMPUT SCI-NETH Journal of Computational Science 24030264-4401ENG COMPUTATION ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS 23870263-2241MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT41880955-7997ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDA 41710954-4828J ENG DESIGN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING DESIGN 43400965-9978ADV ENG SOFTW ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWAR 19400166-3615COMPUT IND COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY60361432-7643SOFT COMPUT SOFT COMPUTING52281091-9856INFORMS J COMPUT INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING 47511049-3301ACM T MODEL COMPUT S ACM Transactions on Modeling and Compu 6530020-7721INT J SYST SCI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS 50181070-986X IEEE MULTIMEDIA IEEE MULTIMEDIA19910167-8191PARALLEL COMPUT PARALLEL COMPUTING35160885-064X J COMPLEXITY JOURNAL OF COMPLEXITY19070164-1212J SYST SOFTWARE JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 58801383-7133CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS19450166-5316PERFORM EVALUATION PERFORMANCE EVALUATION33720743-7315J PARALLEL DISTR COM JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUT 7340022-0000J COMPUT SYST SCI JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM 58571381-1231J HEURISTICS JOURNAL OF HEURISTICS59221387-3326INFORM SYST FRONT INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS 68031551-6857ACM T MULTIM COMPUT ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computin 38710925-1022DESIGN CODE CRYPTOGR DESIGNS CODES AND CRYPTOGRAPHY 68481556-4665ACM T AUTON ADAP SYS ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Ada 59451389-2576GENET PROGRAM EVOL M Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machi 16130097-5397SIAM J COMPUT SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING 32880734-2071ACM T COMPUT SYST ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SY 3910010-485X COMPUTING COMPUTING36620893-6080NEURAL NETWORKS NEURAL NETWORKS35810888-613X INT J APPROX REASON INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXI 37410899-7667NEURAL COMPUT NEURAL COMPUTATION69451568-4539FUZZY OPTIM DECIS MA Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making 38730925-2312NEUROCOMPUTING NEUROCOMPUTING58861384-5810DATA MIN KNOWL DISC DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCO 35280885-6125MACH LEARN MACHINE LEARNING35140884-8173INT J INTELL SYST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIG 35180885-2308COMPUT SPEECH LANG COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE 71491641-876X INT J AP MAT COM-POL International Journal of Applied Mathematic 3870010-4485COMPUT AIDED DESIGN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN39280928-8910AUTOMAT SOFTW ENG Automated Software Engineering 19930167-8396COMPUT AIDED GEOM D COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN 59021386-145X WORLD WIDE WEB WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB 71331619-1366SOFTW SYST MODEL Software and Systems Modeling67291545-5971IEEE T DEPEND SECURE IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Sec 68851559-1131ACM T WEB ACM Transactions on the Web47401047-3203J VIS COMMUN IMAGE R JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION 47521049-331X ACM T SOFTW ENG METH ACM TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE EN 41090950-5849INFORM SOFTWARE TECH INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNO 25000272-1716IEEE COMPUT GRAPH IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLI 19060164-0925ACM T PROGR LANG SYS ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMIN 40660947-3602REQUIR ENG REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING 3880010-4620COMPUT J COMPUTER JOURNAL67191544-3558ACM T APPL PERCEPT ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 49261063-8016J DATABASE MANAGE JOURNAL OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT 42540960-085X EUR J INFORM SYST EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION 33570742-1222J MANAGE INFORM SYST JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMAT 66391536-9323J ASSOC INF SYST Journal of the Association for Information Sy 49731066-8888VLDB J VLDB JOURNAL27440306-4379INFORM SYST INFORMATION SYSTEMS19270165-5515J INF SCI JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE 47381046-8188ACM T INFORM SYST ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION 62231468-4527ONLINE INFORM REV ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 57901364-5021P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 57911364-503X PHILOS T R SOC A PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF TH 10030028-1042NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN12400036-8733SCI AM SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN26860303-6758J ROY SOC NEW ZEAL JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF N 84642168-0566TRANSPORTMETRICA B Transportmetrica B-Transport Dynamics 80811939-1412IEEE T HAPTICS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 83062047-7473J SOFTW-EVOL PROC Journal of Software-Evolution and Process 79201876-1364J AMB INTEL SMART EN Journal of ambient intelligence and smart en 79161875-6891INT J COMPUT INT SYS International Journal of Computational Intell 57601359-4338VIRTUAL REAL-LONDON VIRTUAL REALITY68211553-3077ACM T STORAGE ACM transactions on storage77661820-0214COMPUT SCI INF SYST Computer Science and Information Systems 74781745-1361IEICE T INF SYST IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATIO 69391567-7818NAT COMPUT Natural Computing69821570-8683J APPL LOGIC Journal of Applied Logic17030127-9084MALAYS J COMPUT SCI MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTER S 78191861-8200J REAL-TIME IMAGE PR Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 55341300-0632TURK J ELECTR ENG CO Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering an 67611548-0992IEEE LAT AM T IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS 78471865-0473EARTH SCI INFORM Earth Science Informatics56521343-8875J VISUAL-JAPAN journal of visualization67771549-6325ACM T ALGORITHMS ACM Transactions on Algorithms 80511936-2447CRYPTOGR COMMUN Cryptography and Communications-Discrete 61681462-7264DISCRETE MATH THEOR DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND THEORE 58601381-298X COMPUT MATH ORGAN TH C omputational and Mathematical Organizat 78591866-9956COGN COMPUT Cognitive Computation75111747-7778J SIMUL Journal of Simulation70021573-4277OPT SWITCH NETW OPTICAL SWITCHING AND NETWORKING 83482073-4859R J R Journal80741939-0114SECUR COMMUN NETW SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETW 80561936-6442PEER PEER NETW APPL Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 70731607-9264J INTERNET TECHNOL JOURNAL OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY 48171055-7148INT J NETW MANAG INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWOR 69121565-1339INT J NONLIN SCI NUM INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONLINE 59461389-4420OPTIM ENG OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING 46091026-3098SCI IRAN Scientia Iranica22900239-7528 B POL ACAD SCI-TECH Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-72381673-565X J ZHEJIANG UNIV-SC A Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE 74101741-5977INVERSE PROBL SCI EN INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND E 67061543-1649INT J MULTISCALE COM International Journal for Multiscale Computa 23500256-2499SADHANA-ACAD P ENG S SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN 42160957-7572INT J TECHNOL DES ED INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOL 22160213-1315REV INT METOD NUMER Revista Internacional de Metodos Numerico 4360012-7361DYNA-BILBAO Dyna41450953-5438INTERACT COMPUT INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 50441073-0516ACM T COMPUT-HUM INT ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Int 47201044-7318INT J HUM-COMPUT INT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-C 21810196-9722CYBERNET SYST CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS28150332-7353MODEL IDENT CONTROL MODELING IDENTIFICATION AND CONTR 48101054-7460PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRT 8920023-5954KYBERNETIKA KYBERNETIKA49401064-2307J COMPUT SYS SC INT+JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS 29750368-492X KYBERNETES KYBERNETES74201742-2876DIGIT INVEST Digital Investigation69321567-4223ELECTRON COMMER R A Electronic Commerce Research and Applica 52501094-3420INT J HIGH PERFORM C INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PER 69551569-190X SIMUL MODEL PRACT TH SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AN 19700167-6393SPEECH COMMUN SPEECH COMMUNICATION36270891-2017COMPUT LINGUIST COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS 52271091-9392J ORG COMP ELECT COM JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPU 12530037-5497SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SO 70071574-020X LANG RESOUR EVAL Language Resources and Evaluation 39430929-8215J NEW MUSIC RES JOURNAL OF NEW MUSIC RESEARCH 18420148-9267COMPUT MUSIC J COMPUTER MUSIC JOURNAL40120938-1279APPL ALGEBR ENG COMM APPLICABLE ALGEBRA IN ENGINEERING 22400218-2130INT J ARTIF INTELL T International Journal on Artificial Intelligence 27710308-1079INT J GEN SYST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL 59141386-7857CLUSTER COMPUT Cluster Computing-The Journal of Networks 39030926-8782DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABAS 62481471-0684THEOR PRACT LOG PROG THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LOGIC PRO21000178-2770DISTRIB COMPUT DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING38430922-6443REAL-TIME SYST REAL-TIME SYSTEMS71081615-5262INT J INF SECUR International Journal of Information Security 67691548-7199INT J UNCONV COMPUT International Journal of Unconventional Com 38900925-9856FORM METHOD SYST DES FORMAL METHODS IN SYSTEM DESIGN 41560954-0091CONNECT SCI CONNECTION SCIENCE36120890-5401INFORM COMPUT INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 25890288-3635NEW GENERAT COMPUT NEW GENERATION COMPUTING 33800747-7171J SYMB COMPUT JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION 69401567-8326J LOGIC ALGEBR PROGR JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND ALGEBRAIC PR 24240266-4720EXPERT SYST EXPERT SYSTEMS75721751-8709IET INFORM SECUR IET Information Security68721557-5969J CELL AUTOM Journal of Cellular Automata27030304-3975THEOR COMPUT SCI THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 40430942-4962MULTIMEDIA SYST MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS65511529-3785ACM T COMPUT LOG ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 11470032-9460PROBL INFORM TRANSM+Problems of Information Transmission 60341432-4350THEOR COMPUT SYST THEORY OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS 24340267-6192COMPUT SYST SCI ENG COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND EN 41870955-792X J LOGIC COMPUT JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION 67201544-3566ACM T ARCHIT CODE OP ACM Transactions on Architecture and Cod 35330885-7458INT J PARALLEL PROG INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLE 79851930-5346ADV MATH COMMUN Advances in Mathematics of Communication 40830948-695X J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER S 42550960-1295MATH STRUCT COMP SCI MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES IN COMP 66801540-9589J WEB ENG Journal of Web Engineering78081860-5974LOG METH COMPUT SCI Logical Methods in Computer Science 75671751-8601IET COMPUT DIGIT TEC IET Computers and Digital Techniques 67021542-3980J MULT-VALUED LOG S JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC 61471453-8245ROM J INF SCI TECH Romanian Journal of Information Science a 17050129-0541INT J FOUND COMPUT S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOUNDAT 48441058-6180IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COM 18690161-1194CRYPTOLOGIA CRYPTOLOGIA69811570-8268J WEB SEMANT Journal of Web Semantics24650269-2821ARTIF INTELL REV ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW 19950167-8655PATTERN RECOGN LETT PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS 58461370-4621NEURAL PROCESS LETT NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS 50851076-9757J ARTIF INTELL RES JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 59201387-2532AUTON AGENT MULTI-AG AUTONOMOUS AGENTS AND MULTI-AGE 69061562-2479INT J FUZZY SYST International Journal of Fuzzy Systems 60421433-2833INT J DOC ANAL RECOG International Journal on Document Analysis 22470218-4885INT J UNCERTAIN FUZZ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNCERTA 68191552-6283INT J SEMANT WEB INF International Journal on Semantic Web and 38930925-9902J INTELL INF SYST JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATIO 20170168-7433J AUTOM REASONING JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING 48561059-7123ADAPT BEHAV ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR59391389-0417COGN SYST RES Cognitive Systems Research24760269-8889KNOWL ENG REV KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING REVIEW 45111012-2443ANN MATH ARTIF INTEL ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFIC 34490824-7935COMPUT INTELL-US COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE22340218-0014INT J PATTERN RECOGN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN 60481433-7541PATTERN ANAL APPL PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS 59611392-124X INF TECHNOL CONTROL Information Technology and Control 51901088-467X INTELL DATA ANAL Intelligent Data Analysis33310738-4602AI MAG AI MAGAZINE38640924-6495MIND MACH MINDS AND MACHINES38320921-7126AI COMMUN AI COMMUNICATIONS56211335-9150COMPUT INFORM COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS 54131210-0552NEURAL NETW WORLD Neural Network World51131079-8587INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT C 43150963-9314SOFTWARE QUAL J SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 18960163-5808SIGMOD REC SIGMOD RECORD64891524-0703GRAPH MODELS GRAPHICAL MODELS21010178-2789VISUAL COMPUT VISUAL COMPUTER47321045-926X J VISUAL LANG COMPUT JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND 39860934-5043FORM ASP COMPUT FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING 21020178-4617ALGORITHMICA ALGORITHMICA66001533-5399ACM T INTERNET TECHN ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 20340169-2968FUND INFORM FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE 19710167-6423SCI COMPUT PROGRAM SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMIN 51591084-4309ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTO 29260362-5915ACM T DATABASE SYST ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SY 44491000-9000J COMPUT SCI TECH-CH JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND 29180362-1340ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES75771751-8806IET SOFTW IET Software67311545-7362INT J WEB SERV RES International Journal of Web Services Rese 48481058-9244SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH Scientific Programming42000956-7968J FUNCT PROGRAM JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMM 66681539-9087ACM T EMBED COMPUT S ACM Transactions on Embedded Computin 67441546-4261COMPUT ANIMAT VIRT W COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL W 22650219-6913INT J WAVELETS MULTI International Journal of Wavelets Multiresolu 14350065-2458ADV COMPUT ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS39360929-5585DES AUTOM EMBED SYST DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED 29110361-7688PROGRAM COMPUT SOFT+PROGRAMMING AND COMPUTER SOFTW 59081386-4564INFORM RETRIEVAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL52601094-9224ACM T INFORM SYST SE ACM Transactions on Information and Syste 80001-253X ASLIB PROC ASLIB PROCEEDINGS11480033-0337PROGRAM-ELECTRON LIB PROGRAM-ELECTRONIC LIBRARY AND I 48371058-0530INFORM SYST MANAGE INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 6200020-0190INFORM PROCESS LETT INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS 320001-5903ACTA INFORM ACTA INFORMATICA22490218-8430INT J COOP INF SYST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COOPER 45271016-2364J INF SCI ENG JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE A 44320988-3754RAIRO-THEOR INF APPL RAIRO-THEORETICAL INFORMATICS AN 61501454-9069P ROMANIAN ACAD A Proceedings of the Romanian Academy Ser 44611001-6538CHINESE SCI BULL CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN12720038-2353S AFR J SCI SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 4080011-3891CURR SCI INDIA CURRENT SCIENCE110001-3765AN ACAD BRAS CIENC ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CI 1220003-0996AM SCI AMERICAN SCIENTIST36090890-3670SCIENTIST SCIENTIST73851736-6046P EST ACAD SCI Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sc 77361806-2563ACTA SCI-TECHNOL ACTA SCIENTIARUM-TECHNOLOGY 79761905-7873MAEJO INT J SCI TECH Maejo International Journal of Science and 27670308-0188INTERDISCIPL SCI REV INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS 4130011-748X DEFENCE SCI J DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL23020250-541X NATL ACAD SCI LETT NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 23790262-4079NEW SCI NEW SCIENTIST55711310-1331CR ACAD BULG SCI COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE BUL 29780369-8203P NATL A SCI INDIA A PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACAD 29880372-1426T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIET 85902324-9935TRANSPORTMETRICA A Transportmetrica A-Transport Science 80781939-1382IEEE T LEARN TECHNOL IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON LEARNING TEC 67651548-3924INT J DATA WAREHOUS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA WA 18100146-4833ACM SIGCOMM COMP COM A CM SIGCOMM Computer Communication 35600887-4417J COMPUT INFORM SYST JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION 68531556-6056IEEE COMPUT ARCHIT L IEEE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE LETTE 57051351-3249NAT LANG ENG Natural Language Engineering80591936-7406ACM T RECONFIG TECHN ACM transactions on reconfigurable technol 57781361-4568NEW REV HYPERMEDIA M New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 71621648-4142TRANSPORT-VILNIUS Transport63281473-8716INFORM VISUAL Information visualization61491454-8658CONTROL ENG APPL INF CONTROL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED 71091615-5289UNIVERSAL ACCESS INF UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN THE INFORMATI 67431546-2234J ORGAN END USER COM Journal of Organizational and End User Com 77141783-7677J MULTIMODAL USER IN Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces 72841683-3198INT ARAB J INF TECHN INTERNATIONAL ARAB JOURNAL OF INF 74751745-1337IEICE T FUND ELECTR IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTA 64521520-9202IT PROF IT Professional Magazine83782095-2228FRONT COMPUT SCI-CHI Frontiers in computer science78771869-1951J ZHEJIANG U-SCI C Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE C-81211942-4787WIRES DATA MIN KNOWL WIRES DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE 84702168-2356IEEE DES TEST IEEE Design & Test79051874-5482INT J CRIT INFR PROT International Journal ofCritical Infrastructure 86042352-2208J LOG ALGEBR METHODS Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in 78511865-9284MEMET COMPUT Memetic Computing70081574-1192PERVASIVE MOB COMPUT Pervasive and MobileComputing75161748-1279INT J SENS NETW42010957-0233MEAS SCI TECHNOL MEASUREMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLO 67751549-4950J AUDIO ENG SOC JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING 8550022-4456J SCI IND RES INDIA JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL 51441083-4419IEEE T SYST MAN CY B IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN 52571094-6977IEEE T SYST MAN CY C IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN 17940144-929X BEHAV INFORM TECHNOL BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLO 28870360-1315COMPUT EDUC COMPUTERS & EDUCATION52001089-7771IEEE T INF TECHNOL B IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION 37240898-1221COMPUT MATH APPL COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH AP 22620219-6220INT J INF TECH DECIS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMA 64661521-9615COMPUT SCI ENG COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERIN 65851532-0626CONCURR COMP-PRACT E C ONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PR49321064-1246J INTELL FUZZY SYST JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYS 40370941-0643NEURAL COMPUT APPL NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS 20280169-023X DATA KNOWL ENG DATA & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 41380952-813X J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & THEORE 48161055-6788OPTIM METHOD SOFTW OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE 42530960-0833SOFTW TEST VERIF REL SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & R 16160097-8493COMPUT GRAPH-UK COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK12610038-0644SOFTWARE PRACT EXPER S OFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 38140920-5489COMPUT STAND INTER COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 66781540-7993IEEE SECUR PRIV IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY63851477-8424COMPUT LANG SYST STR COMPUTER LANGUAGES SYSTEMS & ST 59511389-6911ICGA J ICGA JOURNAL30610378-7206INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER I NFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 78601867-0202BUS INFORM SYST ENG+Business & Information Systems Engineerin 27490306-4573INFORM PROCESS MANAG INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGE 19530167-4048COMPUT SECUR COMPUTERS & SECURITY77871841-9836INT J COMPUT COMMUN International Journal of Computers Commun 54771230-1612OPEN SYST INF DYN OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAM 72591674-733X SCI CHINA INFORM SCI Science China Information SciencesCategory Subcategory Country totalCitesIF 2014-201IF2013-2014IF2012-2013IF2011-2012综合性期刊综合性期刊UNITED STATE5861449.6749.8099.7379.681 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNET UNITED STATE347 2.675 3.4660.0000.000 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWAREUNITED STATE11936 4.291 4.370 3.7660.000 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATI UNITED STATE1540 1.2529.3900.0000.000 COMPUTER SCIENTELECOMMUNICATIONS UNITED STATE2788 6.806 6.490 4.818 6.311工程技术工程：综合UNITED STATE516 4.698 4.667 3.370 3.451工程技术工程：综合NETHERLANDS798 3.680 4.136 2.931 2.767工程技术工程：综合NETHERLANDS18357 2.959 2.626 2.617 2.651工程技术计算机：跨学科应用UNITED STATE5407 3.801 3.801 4.910 4.010工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE6769 3.654 5.545 4.810 3.341工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE3605 3.373 4.043 3.543 4.529工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE4883 1.394 2.939 2.370 2.353工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE1154 6.507 6.056 5.054 4.284工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE10537 4.096 3.725 3.361 3.489工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE2869 1.863 3.289 1.934 1.922工程技术计算机：信息系统UNITED STATE9600 5.311 5.405 4.659 4.447综合性期刊综合性期刊ENGLAND61736341.45642.35138.59736.280综合性期刊综合性期刊UNITED STATE55755833.61131.47731.02731.201 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNET UNITED STATE723 3.4690.0000.0000.000 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNET UNITED STATE114 1.9820.0000.0000.000 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWAREUNITED STATE558 3.049 1.985 2.460 1.468 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWAREUNITED STATE1731 2.270 2.867 2.966 4.656 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWAREENGLAND1250.757 1.579 1.615 1.919 COMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & NETHERLANDS399 1.507 1.667 1.603 1.310工程技术工程：综合UNITED STATE1691 2.984 2.256 1.626 1.109工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND5498 2.668 2.291 1.691 1.210工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND1267 2.663 3.206 1.614 1.500工程技术工程：综合UNITED STATE1172 2.059 2.717 1.925 1.569工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND13768 2.055 1.961 2.056 2.009工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND981 1.627 2.068 1.593 1.489工程技术计算机：跨学科应用NETHERLANDS6210 2.810 2.679 2.140 2.612工程技术计算机：跨学科应用UNITED STATE1404 1.438 1.536 1.616 1.543工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS1402 3.681 3.472 2.262 1.467工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE11320 3.621 2.863 2.511 1.919工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS2649 2.786 2.639 1.864 1.978工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE1887 2.366 3.733 2.109 1.061工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE593 1.386 1.930 1.585 2.282工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE10650 3.810 3.533 3.623 3.741工程技术计算机：人工智能NETHERLANDS6137 3.371 2.709 2.194 2.252工程技术计算机：人工智能NETHERLANDS3424 2.947 3.058 4.104 2.422工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE600 2.571 2.706 4.629 3.368工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE8422 2.473 2.853 3.420 2.561工程技术计算机：人工智能NETHERLANDS5149 2.313 2.036 2.201 1.687工程技术计算机：人工智能ENGLAND1565 1.782 2.6390.000 2.225工程技术计算机：人工智能NETHERLANDS1566 1.552 2.330 1.767 1.391工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE4655 2.168 1.919 1.898 2.215工程技术计算机：软件工程NETHERLANDS711 2.161 1.640 1.180 1.854工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE1000 1.872 2.150 1.425 1.550工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE1532 1.713 2.000 2.039 2.000工程技术计算机：软件工程ENGLAND3791 1.642 1.595 1.638 1.634工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE1244 1.519 1.812 2.386 1.783工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE4235 1.443 1.438 1.675 1.470工程技术计算机：软件工程UNITED STATE1591 1.053 1.230 1.616 1.508工程技术计算机：信息系统ENGLAND1386 4.525 3.789 3.532 2.321工程技术计算机：信息系统UNITED STATE15616 4.038 3.893 3.643 2.833工程技术计算机：信息系统NETHERLANDS1045 2.692 2.571 1.500 1.457工程技术计算机：信息系统UNITED STATE5434 1.846 2.230 2.005 2.081工程技术计算机：信息系统LITHUANIA2880.8730.901 1.117 1.627综合性期刊综合性期刊UNITED STATE45541 4.383 4.313 4.375 3.155综合性期刊综合性期刊ENGLAND7717 3.917 3.856 4.907 4.4021130.6150.844 1.080 1.105 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATI NETHERLANDSCOMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWAREUNITED STATE212 1.481 1.167 1.694 1.617 COMPUTER SCIENUNITED STATE4160.930 1.147 1.676 1.419 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARECOMPUTER SCIENCOMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & ENGLAND467 3.969 1.681 1.3510.000 COMPUTER SCIEN324 1.231 1.5670.0000.000 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & NETHERLANDSCOMPUTER SCIEN工程技术工程：综合WALES1051 1.495 1.206 1.214 1.060工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND3037 1.484 1.526 1.1300.836工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND2529 1.392 1.437 1.596 1.451工程技术工程：综合ENGLAND595 1.036 1.381 1.0660.928工程技术计算机：跨学科应用ENGLAND2023 1.402 1.422 1.220 1.092工程技术计算机：跨学科应用NETHERLANDS2017 1.287 1.457 1.709 1.529工程技术计算机：跨学科应用UNITED STATE1978 1.271 1.304 1.124 1.880工程技术计算机：跨学科应用UNITED STATE1232 1.077 1.120 1.370 1.076工程技术计算机：跨学科应用UNITED STATE5180.7800.8290.528 1.114工程技术计算机：理论方法ENGLAND2875 2.100 1.579 1.3050.991工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE592 1.694 1.7670.9840.4381321 1.511 1.890 1.214 1.311工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE849 1.500 1.191 1.217 1.099工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE2721 1.352 1.245 1.1350.836291 1.257 1.1520.7370.659工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS1144 1.2500.8880.8410.791工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE1735 1.179 1.0110.0000.859工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE2824 1.138 1.091 1.000 1.157工程技术计算机：理论方法NETHERLANDS876 1.135 1.359 1.471 1.262工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE621 1.0770.7610.8510.912工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE4650.9710.9040.9350.850工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE11480.9580.7300.7790.875工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE2350.9220.785 1.000 1.286工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE1720.903 1.065 1.333 1.000工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE43020.7410.7620.803 1.288工程技术计算机：理论方法UNITED STATE7410.6000.6150.800 1.188工程技术计算机：理论方法AUSTRIA12720.593 1.0550.8070.701工程技术计算机：人工智能ENGLAND6625 2.708 2.076 1.927 2.182工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE2735 2.451 1.977 1.729 1.948工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE7782 2.207 1.694 1.760 1.884工程技术计算机：人工智能UNITED STATE495 2.163 1.000 1.488 1.4888869 2.083 2.005 1.634 1.580工程技术计算机：人工智能NETHERLANDS。
Topic OutlineThe topic outline for Calculus BC includes all Calculus AB topics. Additional topics are found in paragraphs that are marked with a plus sign (+) or an asterisk (*). The additional topics can be taught anywhere in the course that the instructor wishes. Some topics will naturally fit immediately after their Calculus AB counterparts. Other topics may fit best after the completion of the Calculus AB topic outline. Although the examination is based on the topics listed here, teachers may wish to enrich their courses with additional topics.I.Functions, Graphs, and LimitsII.DerivativesIII.IntegralsIV.*Polynomial Approximations and SeriesI. Functions, Graphs, and LimitsA. Analysis of GraphsWith the aid of technology, graphs of functions are often easy to produce. The emphasis is on the interplay between the geometric and analytic information and on the use of calculus both to predict and to explain the observed local and global behavior of a function.B. Limits of Functions (incl. one-sided limits)▪An intuitive understanding of the limiting process.▪Calculating limits using algebra.▪Estimating limits from graphs or tables of data.C. Asymptotic and Unbounded Behavior▪Understanding asymptotes in terms of graphicalbehavior.▪Describing asymptotic behavior in terms of limitsinvolving infinity.▪Comparing relative magnitudes of functions and theirrates of change. (For example, contrastingexponential growth, polynomial growth, andlogarithmic growth.)D. Continuity as a Property of Functions▪An intuitive understanding of continuity. (The functionvalues can be made as close as desired by takingsufficiently close values of the domain.)▪Understanding continuity in terms of limits.▪Geometric understanding of graphs of continuousfunctions (Intermediate Value Theorem and Extrem eValue Theorem).E. *Parametric, Polar, and Vector FunctionsThe analysis of planar curves includes those given in parametric form, polar form, and vector form.II. DerivativesA. Concept of the Derivative▪Derivative presented graphically, numerically, andanalytically.▪Derivative interpreted as an instantaneous rate ofchange.▪Derivative defined as the limit of the differencequotient.▪Relationship between differentiability and continuity.B. Derivative at a Point▪Slope of a curve at a point. Examples are emphasized,including points at which there are vertical tangentsand points at which there are no tangents.▪Tangent line to a curve at a point and local linearapproximation.▪Instantaneous rate of change as the limit of averagerate of change.▪Approximate rate of change from graphs and tables ofvalues.C. Derivative as a Function▪Corresponding characteristics of graphs of 'f and f '.▪Relationship between the increasing and decreasingbehavior of f and the sign of f '.▪The Mean Value Theorem and its geometricconsequences.▪Equations involving derivatives. Verbal descriptions aretranslated into equations involving derivatives andvice versa.D. Second Derivatives▪Corresponding characteristics of the graphs of f, f ', andf ".▪Relationship between the concavity of f and the sign off ".▪Points of inflection as places where concavity changes.E. Applications of Derivatives▪Analysis of curves, including the notions ofmonotonicity and concavity.▪+ Analysis of planar curves given in parametric form,polar form, and vector form, including velocity andacceleration.▪Optimization, both absolute (global) and relative (local)extrema.▪Modeling rates of change, including related ratesproblems.▪Use of implicit differentiation to find the derivative of aninverse function.▪Interpretation of the derivative as a rate of change invaried applied contexts, including velocity, speed, andacceleration.▪Geometric interpretation of differential equations viaslope fields and the relationship between slope fieldsand solution curves for differential equations.▪+ Numerical solution of differential equations usingEuler's method.▪+ L'Hôpital's Rule, including its use in determininglimits and convergence of improper integrals andseries.F. Computation of Derivatives▪Knowledge of derivatives of basic functions, includingpower, exponential, logarithmic, trigonom etric, andinverse trigonometric functions.▪Basic rules for the derivative of sums, products, andquotients of functions.▪Chain rule and implicit differentiation.▪+ Derivatives of parametric, polar, and vectorfunctions.III. IntegralsA. Interpretations and Properties of Definite Integrals▪Definite integral as a limit of Riemann sums.▪Definite integral of the rate of change of a quantity overan interval interpreted as the change of the quantityover the interval:▪Basic properties of definite integrals. (Examples includeadditivity and linearity.)B. *Applications of IntegralsAppropriate integrals are used in a variety of applications to model physical, social, or economic situations. Although only a sampling of applications can be included in any specific course, students should be able to adapt their knowledge and techniques to solve other similar application problems. Whatever applications are chosen, the emphasis is on using the method of setting up an approximating Riemann sum and representing its limit as a definite integral. To provide a common foundation, specific applications should include finding the area of a region (including a region bounded by polar curves), the volum e of a solid with known cross sections, the average value of a function, the distance traveled by a particle along a line, and for BC only the length of a curve (including a curve given in parametric form).C. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus▪Use of the Fundam ental Theorem to evaluate definiteintegrals.▪Use of the Fundam ental Theorem to represent aparticular antiderivative, and the analytical andgraphical analysis of functions so defined.D. Techniques of Antidifferentiation▪Antiderivatives following directly from derivatives ofbasic functions.▪+ Antiderivatives by substitution of variables (includingchange of limits for definite integrals), parts, andsimple partial fractions (nonrepeating linear factorsonly).▪+ Improper integrals (as limits of definite integrals).E. Applications of Antidifferentiation▪Finding specific antiderivatives using initial conditions,including applications to motion along a line.▪Solving separable differential equations and using themin modeling. In particular, studying the equation y ' =ky and exponential growth.▪+ Solving logistic differential equations and using themin modeling.F. Numerical Approximations to Definite IntegralsUse of Riemann sums (using left, right, and midpoint evaluation points) and trapezoidal sums to approximate definite integrals of functions represented algebraically, graphically, and by tables of values.IV. *Polynomial Approximations and SeriesA. *Concept of SeriesA series is defined as a sequence of partial sums, and convergence is defined in terms of the limit of the sequence of partial sums. Technology can be used to explore convergence or divergence.B. *Series of constants▪+ Motivating examples, including decimal expansion.▪+ Geometric series with applications.▪+ The harmonic series.▪+ Alternating series with error bound.▪+ Terms of series as areas of rectangles and theirrelationship to improper integrals, including theintegral test and its use in testing the convergence ofp-series.▪+ The ratio test for convergence and divergence.▪+ Comparing series to test for convergence ordivergence.C. *Taylor Series▪+ Taylor polynomial approximation with graphical demonstration of convergence. (For example, viewing graphs of various Taylor polynomials of the sinefunction approximating the sine curve.)▪+ Maclaurin series and the general Taylor series centered at x = a.▪+ Maclaurin series for the functions e x, sin x, cos x, and 1/(1-x).▪+ Formal manipulation of Taylor series and shortcuts to computing Taylor series, including substitution,differentiation, antidifferentiation, and the formation of new series from known series.▪+ Functions defined by power series.▪+ Radius and interval of convergence of power series.▪+ Lagrange error bound for Taylor polynomials.。
