小学英语语法

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1 Be动词与人称代词的搭配 1、be动词包括:am、is、are (1)am 用于第一人称I的后面I am (注意:―I‖无论何时都要大写,不管在句首还是句子中) 例:I am Sam. I am a boy. I am ten. I’m in Class 1. (2) is 用于第三人称he(他) ; she(她); it(它)及其他单数名词的后面 例:He is a good student. She is my teacher. It is a black cat. A book is on the desk. (3) are用于第二人称you; 第一人称复数we; 第三人称复数they 及其他复数名词的后面。 例:You are my good friend. 你是我的好朋友。 We are friends.我们是朋友 You are my good friends.你们是我的好朋友。 They are tall.他们很高 2.Be动词的用法口诀 我(I)用am,你(you)用are,Is用于他(he)她(she)它(it),单数is,复数are,希望大家都记下。 有be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。

肯定句 否定句—be动词后加not 一般疑问句—be动词移到主语前 肯定和否定回答

I am=I’m …. I am not…=I’m not ... Are you…? Yes, I am. No,I’m not. You are…= you’re… You are not… =You aren’t… Are you…? Yes, I am. No,I’m not. She\He\It is… =She’s\He’s \It’s… She\He\It is not… =She\He\It isn’t… Is she\he\it…? Yes,she\he\It is. No,she\he\It isn’t.

We are= We’re We are not…=We aren’t… Are we…? Yes,you are.

No,you aren’t. They are =They’re They are not…=They aren’t Are they…? Yes,they are.

No,they aren’t. 注意:上表中划线句子不能缩写,(am 和not 也不能缩写)。 无be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定和否定回答 I like… I don’t like… Do you like…? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. You like… You don’t like… Do you like…? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

He\She\It likes… He\She\It doesn’t like… Does he\she\it like… Yes, he\she\it does. No,he\she\ it doesn’t. We like… We don’t like… Do we like… Yes, you do. No, you don’t. They like… They don’t like… Do they like… Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

注意: 上表中的like可以用其他的动词来替换,比如play,sing,run,sweep… 人称代词和物主代词.把下面的句子变一般疑问句并写出肯定与否定回答。 He is like his mom.他长的像他的妈妈。 Is he like his mom? Yes,he is.\No, he isn’t. He likes his mom.他喜欢他的妈妈。 Does he like his mom?Yes,he does.\No,he doesn’t. I am a student.—Are you a student? Yes, I am.\No,I am not. I love my teacher.—Do you love your teacher? Yes,I do.\No,I don’t. They are my friends.—Are they your friends?Yes,they are.\No,they aren’t. You are my teacher.---Are you my teacher? Yes, I am.\ No, I’m not. 2

名词变复数及其发音规则 构成方法 读音 例词 在词尾加-s 1.在清辅音后读作 [s ] 2. 在浊辅音后读作 [ z ] 3在元音后读【Z】 1. desk—desks [ s ]

map—maps [ s ] 3. field –filelds[ dz] dog—dogs [ z ] sea—seas [ z ] 1. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es 2. 如词尾是e,只加-s -(e)s读作[ iz ] 1. class-classes [ iz ]

box — boxes [ iz ] dish—dishes[ iz ] watch—watches[ iz ] 2. horse—horses[ iz ] 如词尾为 –f或 –fe ,则一般变为 –ves -ves 读作[ vz ] 1. leaf—leaves[ vz ]

2. knife—knives[ vz ] 以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为 i再加-es -ies读作[ iz ] family—families[ iz ]

以元音+y结尾的名词,加-s -s读作[ z ] boy—boys[ z ] guy- guys [z] 以辅音+o结尾的名词,加-es [有生命] -es读作[ z ] hero—heroes[ z ]

potato—potatoes[ z ] tomato—tomatoes[ z ] 以元音+o结尾的名词,加-s 【没生命】 -s读作[ z ] radio—radios[ z ]

zoo—zoos[ z ] photo-photos [z] 以-th结尾的名词,加-s 1. 在长元音后,-ths读作[ z ]

2. 在短元音或辅音后,-ths读作[ s ]

1. bath—baths[ z ] 2. month—months[ s ]

不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth 3

写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 人称代词 定义:人称代词用来代替人或物,在句中作主语或宾语,所以有主格和宾格。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称

单数 复数 单数 复数 单 数 复 数 人称 代词 主 格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 物主 代词 形容词性 my our your your his her its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs

物主代词是表示所有(拥有)关系的一种代词。 物主代词有两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词放在名词前。 如:This is my book.这是我的书Her pen is red. 她的钢笔是红色的 Their teacher is Mr.Wu.他们的老师是武老师。I have a lovely cat.我有一只可爱的小猫。 名词性物主代词起名词的作用,(用来代替前面提到的名词),后面不可以再接名词。 如:1. Your pen is red. Mine is black. 你的钢笔是红色的,我的是黑色的。 2. He doesn’t like his pen. He likes mine. 他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。 3. That book is hers, not yours. 那本书是她的,不是你的。 4.My book is thick. Yours is thin.我的书是厚的,你的书是薄的。 人称代词和物主代词练习题 1.______(she)is my aunt. We often visit______(she) 2.Beijing is a big city._____(it) is in the north of China. 3.What day is _____(it) today? ____ (it) is Monday today. 4.I have a blue bike. But the red one is not_____.(my) 5.These books are very good But ______(they) are very expensive. 6.Linda is a girl. _____(she) is in Class1.______(she) sister is in Class2. 7.Tom is my friend.______(he) is a good boy. 8.What time is____(it)?