15.5 语法填空学生版
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高三英语
成功无限,成就学生梦想! 学习热线:28579458 1 语法填空技巧与方法
(1)纯空格题:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。
(2)用括号中所给词填空:通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。
特别提醒:
(1)在纯空格题中,两年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、形容词和副词。我们认为,其原因有二:
一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词,是完形填空要考查的内容,若在语法填空中考查,是越权,是多管闲事;
二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法,而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大,与“语法填空”名不符实。不过,less, more, most等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的,因为这涉及到到语法——比较等级。
(2)我们认为,倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did),以及情态动词、强调结构中的it, that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查,名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考查,同学们千万不可忽视。
(6)答案特点:
①纯空格题:试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”,即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。
②用括号中所给词填空:试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”,这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成?两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。
③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007年高考所填词均长4.1个字母,其中,纯空格的答案只有2.4个字母;2008年所填词均长4.45个字母,其中纯空格的答案只有3.8个字母。
④两年都有所填词位于句首,此时第一个字母要注意大写。
⑤两年都没有要求考生填像depend on中的介词on这类固定短语中的单词。
解题高招
1. 通读全文,把握大意。
既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。
2. 结合语境,试填空格。
读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:
(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。
首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧: 高三英语
成功无限,成就学生梦想! 学习热线:28579458 2
技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there
almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)
技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如:[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty
(960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.
[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___
small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)
技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。
[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.
(2007年广东高考)
技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。
[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which
are worth millions of dollars.
[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost
instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)
技巧5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to
return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)
[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very
happy… (2008年广东高考)
技巧6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in
another. (2007珠三角五校联考)
[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he
______ bring home a regular salary. 高三英语
成功无限,成就学生梦想! 学习热线:28579458 3 技巧7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。如:
[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she
couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模)
(2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly,
seldom, not, until, had等,还是填do, does, did等。如:
[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。如:
[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two
world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)
[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not
interested in. (2008年惠州二模)
(4)so /such…that…句型。如:
[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付)
the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)。
(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。如:
[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager
cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末)
(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。
技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。
[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other
children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)
[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her
Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)
[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated
at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)
技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有: 高三英语
成功无限,成就学生梦想! 学习热线:28579458 4 (1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如:
[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
(2007年佛山一模)