史上最详细的虚拟机上安装linux的tools教程!

Jenkins：VMware虚拟机Linux系统的详细安装和使⽤教程jenkins:VMware虚拟机Linux系统的详细安装和使⽤教程 (⼀)不是windows安装虚拟机可跳过1.Windows安装VMware2.VMware安装linux系统3.windows⽤putty或SecureCRT连接linux（不需要在window上操作linux命令的可跳到5）在linux上查看ip:ifconfig 例如：inet addr:192.168.213.128在window的cmd上ping该ip: ping 192.168.213.128如果ping失败了进⾏下⾯的修改（成功忽略）：VMware Workstation：在虚拟机设置中找到光驱CD，然后将右边“已连接”、 “启动连接”的两个选框均选中即可。

检验linux中有没有ssh：输⼊命令 service ssh 如果出现unrecongnzed service 则说明没有安装配置ssh，所以需要下载安装：sudo apt-get install ssh (如果出现下载失败的情况，可以输⼊命令：sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install ssh)在VMware的菜单项中点击“编辑”-“虚拟⽹络编辑器”，选择类型为NAT模式的VMnet8(⼀般名称是为VMnet8,以NAT模式为准)点击“更改设置”，因为我的linux的ip为192.168.213.128，所以配置如下，掩码都是255.255.255.0设置如下：window上的VMware8⽹卡设置，我的linux的ip:192.168.213.128这时在window上再⽤putty或者SecureCRT连接l i n u x ，⼀般不能⽤root管理员来连接，需要⾮r o o t 账号连接成功后，再进⾏切换到root账号：su root ，⼀般能成功了，不成功⾃⾏了断吧。

在Linux中安装虚拟机的WMware Tools执行安装WMware Tools，如图：在Linux中新建终端，输入如下命令：[root@localhost vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.plCreating a new VMware Tools installer database using the tar4 format. Installing VMware Tools.In which directory do you want to install the binary files?[/usr/bin]What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?[/etc/rc.d]What is the directory that contains the init scripts?[/etc/rc.d/init.d]In which directory do you want to install the daemon files?[/usr/sbin]In which directory do you want to install the library files?[/usr/lib/vmware-tools]The path "/usr/lib/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program isgoing to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?[yes]In which directory do you want to install the documentation files? [/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools]The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This programis going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what youwant? [yes]The installation of VMware Tools 8.6.0 build-446312 for Linux completedsuccessfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at anytime by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl".Before running VMware Tools for the first time, you need to configure it byinvoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl". Do you wantthis program to invoke the command for you now? [yes]Initializing...Making sure services for VMware Tools are stopped.Stopping VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:Guest operating system daemon: [确定]Unmounting HGFS shares: [确定]Guest filesystem driver: [确定][EXPERIMENTAL] The VMware FileSystem Sync Driver (vmsync) is a new feature thatcreates backups of virtual machines. Please refer to the VMware Knowledge Basefor more details on this capability. Do you wish to enable this feature?[no]Found a compatible pre-built module for vmci. Installing it... Found a compatible pre-built module for vsock. Installing it... Found a compatible pre-built module for vmxnet3. Installing it... Found a compatible pre-built module for pvscsi. Installing it... Found a compatible pre-built module for vmmemctl. Installing it...The VMware Host-Guest Filesystem allows for shared folders between the host OSand the guest OS in a Fusion or Workstation virtual environment. Do you wishto enable this feature? [no] noFound a compatible pre-built module for vmxnet. Installing it... Found a compatible pre-built module for vmblock. Installing it... Detected X version 7.1Please choose one of the following display sizes that X will start with:[1] "320x200"[2] "320x240"[3] "400x300"[4] "512x384"[5] "640x400"[6] "640x480"[7] "720x480"[8] "800x480"[9] "854x480"[10] "720x576"[11] "800x600"[12] "1024x768"[13] "1280x720"[14] "1280x768"[15] "1152x864"[16] "1280x800"[17] "1366x768"[18] "1280x960"[19] "1440x900"[20] "1280x1024"[21] "1400x1050"[22] "1680x1050"[23] "1600x1200"[24] "1920x1080"[25] "1920x1200"[26] "1920x1440"[27] "2048x1536"[28] "2560x1600"[29] "2560x1920"Please enter a number between 1 and 29:[3] 12X Window System Version 7.1.1Release Date: 12 May 2006X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0, Release 7.1.1Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.9-34.ELsmp x86_64 Red Hat, Inc. Current Operating System: Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-8.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jan 26 14:15:14 EST 2007 x86_64Build Date: 09 January 2007Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.1.1-48.13.el5Before reporting problems, check to make sure that you have the latest version.Module Loader presentMarkers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (++) Log file: "/tmp/vmware-config0/XF86ConfigLog.14063", Time: Thu Aug 23 22:32:56 2012(++) Using config file: "/tmp/vmware-config0/XF86Config.14063"(EE) Failed to load module "vmwgfx" (module does not exist, 0)(EE) vmware: Please ignore the above warnings about not being able to to load module/driver vmwgfx(EE) AIGLX: Screen 0 is not DRI capableX is running fine with the new config file.FreeFontPath: FPE "unix/:7100" refcount is 2, should be 1; fixing. Creating a new initrd boot image for the kernel.Checking acpi hot plug [确定] Starting VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:Switching to guest configuration: [确定]Paravirtual SCSI module: [确定]Guest memory manager: [确定]Guest vmxnet fast network device: [确定]VM communication interface: [确定]VM communication interface socket family: [确定]File system sync driver: [确定]Guest operating system daemon: [确定]The configuration of VMware Tools 8.6.0 build-446312 for Linux for this runningkernel completed successfully.You must restart your X session before any mouse or graphics changes takeeffect.You can now run VMware Tools by invoking "/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox-cmd" from thecommand line or by invoking "/usr/bin/vmware-toolbox" from the command lineduring an X server session.To enable advanced X features (e.g., guest resolution fit, drag and drop, andfile and text copy/paste), you will need to do one (or more) of the following:1. Manually start /usr/bin/vmware-user2. Log out and log back into your desktop session; and,3. Restart your X session.To use the vmxnet driver, restart networking using the following commands:/etc/init.d/network stoprmmod vmxnetmodprobe vmxnet/etc/init.d/network startEnjoy,--the VMware team说明：1、在输入命令的时候，文件名可以用TAB键盘补全，比如：要输入VWwareTools，只要输入VM然后按TAB键即可。

VMWARE中虚拟工具VMTOOLS的安装安装vmtools之前，需要先打开虚拟机，并且启动其中的操作系统。

注意看下图中鼠标的位置。

请将鼠标移动到相应位置上点击右键。

在弹出的菜单最下端点击“SETTING”如果安装的是中文版的VMWARE，那么这一栏显示的是“设置”接下来的操作请看下图：在上图中，这个linux.iso镜像文件究竟在哪里？是困扰很多初学者的一个问题。

如果说你的电脑（不是虚拟机，而是真实的电脑）是windows系统，那么，linux.iso应该在安装VMWARE 的安装目录下寻找比方说，我以前把vmware安装到了“D:\Program Files\VMware\VMware workstation”目录下，所以，linux.iso也应该去“D:\Program Files\VMware\VMware workstation”目录下去寻找。

(补充)接下来点击“OK”现在桌面上出现了光盘图标了“Terninal”再到终端里面输入以下命令：# mount -o,loop /dev/cdrom /mnt这句话的意思是把光驱挂载到/mnt目录之下。

前面那个#不要输入然后输入：# cd /mnt进入到挂载目录下输入以下命令# tar zxvf VmwareTools-8.4.2-261024.tar.gz -C ~，意思是把VmwareTools-8.4.2-261024.tar.gz解压到/root目录下。

注意字母C应该大写。

解压完成后，输入以下命令# /root/vmware-tools-distrib/vmware-install.pl然后回车然后无论提示什么都是直接按回车在安装过程中有两段文字需要引起注意“The installation of Vmware Tools 8.4.2 build-261024 for linux completed successfully .Y ou can decide to remove this software from you system at any time by invoking the following command:'/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl'”意思是说vmtools已经安装成功了，以后如果想要卸载，请输入/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl然后回车。

安装vmware tool工具：有时候，我们想在linux虚拟机和主机之间传递一些数据，例如想从linux虚拟机复制一篇文档到windows xp主操作系统，又该如何实现呢？例如：我们在桌面上单击右键选择创建文档，空文件，如下图l则在桌面上多一个新文件。

我们想将此文件拷贝到主操作系统windows xp 下，我们选定新文件，单击右键，选择复制到主操作系统windows xp 下，却无法粘贴此文件到资源管理器中。

如果安装VMware Tools优化程序，则可以轻松实现虚拟机操作系统和主操作系统之间的复制粘贴。

所以，下面我们学习VMware Tools的安装：选定虚拟机菜单（VM）下安装虚拟机工具选项(Install VMwareTools …)，打开VMware T ools窗口。

右键单击压缩包文件的图标，在快捷菜单中选择：解压缩到解压缩到linux的桌面上关闭解压缩窗口，在linux 桌面上看到一个解压缩后的文件夹：vmWare-tools-distrib，同时多一个VMWare Tools的光盘图标。

如果原来linux 桌面上有一个光盘的图标，会提示先卸载光盘，按提示卸载后，再加载光盘镜像文件：VMWare Workstation下的linux.iso。

双击vmWare-tools-distrib文件夹，打开界面如下：双击INSTALL文件，可打开安装的帮助文档。

择打开出现窗口如下，选择在终端中运行按钮。

然后在终端的界面中，每次选择时都按回车，则会按照缺省状况下，系统自动拷贝vmware tools的一组文件到linux虚拟机的相应目录中。

操作完成后，必须重新启动linux虚拟机，vmware tools才会生效。

这时，就可以实现虚拟机和主操作系统的拷贝粘贴了。

这时，可以从linux虚拟机的桌面上将vmWare-tools-distrib文件夹删除了。