听力教程3施心远

Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to some short conversations. Has the second speaker finished talking? Tick the right box.1. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary’s office is, please?B: Yes. It’s up the stairs, then turn left, …↗2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets are?B: Yes, they’re at the top of the stairs. ↘3. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the carpark. ↘4. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom, …↗5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four 10-pence pieces there, ... ↗6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingFrog LegsScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogsare disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frogmeat each year between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Listen to a talk about frog legs. Take notes and complete the following summary.People want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries —or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians*. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and the United States. One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In London, a pound of frozen frog’s legs from India cost about £1.75, compared with £3.75 for the French variety.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring* damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belong to frogs that are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearlyimpossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild.KeyA. 1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogsare disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frogmeat each year between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Frog LegsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries. The most famous frog-eaters, and thepeople who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are theFrench. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of itsown amphibians. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.And the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozenfrog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions ofIndian frogs was the price.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous”the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protectcrops by devouring damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe.But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usuallyconstant: The legs once belong to frogs that are taken from the wild, notfrom farms.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. I told them what I thought; moreover, I will tell anyone else who wants to know.2. When the timer rang, she was in the living room talking to the neighborswho had dropped in.3. Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999, and gave her name andaddress in clear, concise tones.4. As a minister’s wife, she has more than her fair share of telephone calls.5. That polish makes the floor dangerously slick; we will have to be carefuluntil it wears down.Key1. C-C2. CPL3. S4. S5. C-CPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Health ClubScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following chart.Interviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this healthclub here last summer. Can you tell me something about theclub?Lorna: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities —gym, sunbed*,sauna* and Jacuzzi* —that’s also from Scandinavia —aswell as our regular fitness classes, that is. And there’s awholefood bar for refreshments afterwards.Interviewer: And does it cost a lot? I mean, most people thinkhealth clubs are really expensive.Lorna: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we onlystarted last July, we’ve kept them down to attract customers.It’s only £30 a year to join. Then an hour in the gym costs£2.50 —the same as half an hour on the sunbed. Sauna andJacuzzi are both £1.50 for half an hour.Interviewer: And is the club doing well?Lorna: Well, so far, yes, it’s doing really well. I had no idea it was going to be such a success, actually. We’re both very pleased.The sunbed’s so popular, especially with the over 65s, thatwe’re getting another one in August.Interviewer: What kind of people join the club?Lorna: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-age pensioners, though of course the majority, aboutthree-quarters of our members, are in their 20s and 30s. Theycome in their lunch hour, to use the gym, mostly, or after work,while the youngsters come when school finishes, around halfpast three or four. The Jacuzzi’s very popular with the littleones.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special reduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed,it’s only £2, which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect ourprofits really —only about 5% of our members are retired.B. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: T hey’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer themspecial reduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed,it’s only £2, which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect ourprofits really —only about 5% of our members are retired.KeyA.B. Interviewer: W hat about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer themspecial reduced rates—for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed,it’s only £2, which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect ourprofits really —only about 5% of our members are retired.Dialogue 2 SkiingScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questionsSimon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain.Sally: Oh, it’s lovely!Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.Teresa: Oh, don’t worry. I know it looks ridiculous.Simon: Look. That’s our instructor, Werner.Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners’class.Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere.Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one.Sally: What on earth is that?Simon: Can’t you guess?Sally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other.Teresa: It is!Sally: How did that happen?Simon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to thetop you had to go up on a ski lift*.Teresa: Which wasn’t really very easy.Simon: No, and if you fell off you’d start sliding down the slope, right into all the people coming up!Sally: Mmm.Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were just getting used to it, and, you see there was this onewoman in our class who never got the hang of* it. She didn’t haveany sort of control over her skis and whenever she started sliding,she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in front of her, you know,like swords or something.Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski lift and just as she was getting to the top, she slippedand started sliding down the slope.Sally: Did she?Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope —it was lucky I had my camera with me.Sally: I bet that woman was popular!Simon: Oh, yes, everybody’s favourite!B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following passage.C. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off theski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom ofthe slope —it was lucky I had my camera with me.KeyA. 1. They are looking at some pictures.2. A ski class for beginners.3. Two.B. Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on aski lift. In their class, there was one woman who could never learn how to ski.She couldn’t control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always tried to avoid her.One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope. Everyone tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all slid down the slope and ended up in a pile at the bottom.C. 1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off theski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom ofthe slope —it was lucky I had my camera with me.Part 3 PassageThe Truth about the French!ScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It isa good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants arenormally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-theart* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, anintermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the “Paris school holiday week”which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. True, in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you’re looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well, use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age.Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not unheard of. In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft.Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Questions:1. How large are the ski resorts in France?2. Why do people prefer to eat lunch at the mountain restaurants?3. How do most of the French resorts operate?4. What kind of vacation do French students usually have?5. What kind of unfair reputation do the French have?6. What is recommended when greeting someone or saying good-bye?7. What are good topics of conversation?8. What is still necessary when visiting France?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Skiing can be divided into cross-country skiing and alpine skiing. Cross-country skiing is a low-impact, aerobic activity. It is becoming increasingly popular. It can be enjoyed even if you have a relatively low skill level. It does not require exorbitant lift fees, and it has a relatively low injury rate (cross-country skiing has an injury rate about 10 times less than alpine skiing). Skiing uses more muscles than running and is less stressful on the legs.Alpine or downhill skiing is a popular family sport shared by people of all ages and athletic abilities. It has less benefits for aerobic fitness than cross-country skiing because activity is usually in short bursts, but it is good for strengthening muscles particularly those in the upper leg. Alpine skiing is also a tough sport, particularly demanding on the legs.B. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. DC. 1. Because there are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that islarger than all the ski resorts in Utah and Colorado combined.2. Because in a French resort an intermediate skier who can read a lift mapwill easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.3. This staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the lasttwo weeks of February and the first week of March.4. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. Generally they are askind as you wish.5. In large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing ofvalue visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware ofbegging children!D. 1. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountainsfor this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of Februaryand the first week of March.2. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as youwish. The most fractious Frenchman is easily disarmed by a littlesincerity.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 India’s Selfie CampaignScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then givea brief summary about the news item.Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign on social media. The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating the lives of girls. It is part of the Indian government’s “Save Daughter, T each Daughter”movement, which began earlier this year.The Indian leader used a radio broadcast last Sunday to urge people topublish photographs taken with their daughters on social media. He expressed hope that this could revolutionize the movement to save the country’s girls.Sexual inequality has long been a major problem in India’s highly patriarchal* society. For years, Indian families have wanted boys more than girls.In India, many girls are considered inferior to boys. Some are even killed before they are born or as newborns because they are thought to be less desirable. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six years, India has 914 girls.It was not just fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers in countries as far away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another public relations effort, but will support India’s push to give its daughters the same positions as its sons.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. The Prime Minister launched the campaign on social media.2. The movement began earlier this year.3. The Prime Minister urge people to publish photographs taken with theirdaughters on social media.4. Social activists hope the campaign will not just be another publicrelations effort, but will support the appeal for giving the daughters thesame position as the sons.5. Fathers in countries such as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.This news item is about a campaign launched by Indian Prime Minister onrecognizing and celebrating the lives of girls.B. 1. Sexual inequality has been a major problem in India’s patriarchal society.2. Many girls are considered inferior to boys in India, therefore some areeven killed before they are born or as newborns.3. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six, there are only 914 girls in India.C. 1. Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign onsocial media. The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating thelives of girls.2. It was not just fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers incountries as far away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.3. Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another publicrelations effort, but will support India’s push to give its daughters thesame positions as its sons.News item 2 100-Year-Old Japanese Woman’s Swimming Record ScriptA. Listen to the news item and fill out the following chart. Then give abrief summary about the news item.As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer —at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool —she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s first centenarian* to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter pool. Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against others. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100–104 year old category*. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance*, or not giving up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA.This news item is about a 100-year-old Japanese woman who sets theswimming record.B. 1. Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s firstcentenarian to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition.2. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.3. After suffered a knee injury, Ms. Nagaoka became a competitiveswimmer —at age of 88.C.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took thebronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingThe StrandScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.There is a street called “The Strand”in Galveston, where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit today. This street was Mama’s stomping* ground asa kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all thelovely, restored homes. What a great day. She knew more than the tour guide.As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, “Liz, do you know why my nose is a little crooked*?”(I thought, “Where did that come from?”) “No, Mama, you haven’t ever mentioned it,”I replied.“Well,”said mother, “one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, anda streetcar ran over me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed myface in the ground so hard that I broke my nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*.People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out, brushed myself offand went home. The only thing I ever noticed different about me was a crooked nose.”I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageBabies and IntelligenceScriptA. Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.The Finnish researchers used devices to measure the babies’brain activity.The researchers played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour whilethe babies slept.The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleep because the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex* remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep.Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development. An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old.The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at sevenyears of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.B. Listen to the passage again and complete the chart.KeyA. 1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they werefive or six months old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they werestill developing inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.B. Study 1Study 2Part 2 VideoHaiti Amputee Soccer TeamScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.In Haiti there is a soccer team unlike any you have ever seen. It is made up of players who have lost legs and arms, mostly during the earthquake in 2010.Just as the players are different, so is their field, called a “pitch”. People live near it. There are pools of water on it. And cows walk by. The players kick with the same leg they stand on. Goalies defend with the only arm they have. The team is called Zaryen. That is Creole for “tarantula’—a spider that can live without one of its legs. A balcony collapsed on Judithe Facile during the earthquake. She was near death. Soccer has brought her back to life.“Now I feel like I’m alive. Because, before that, after I lost my leg, I didn’t have any hope for the future, even though I was walking on the crutches.”。

施心远听力教程第三册答案UNIT5答案完整版UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us.We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery."Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because ofslavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about slavery reparations.The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *.I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one longdisaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did thathappen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to thislittle place in central London, in Soho and paid cash. Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrowand we were doing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*.So we arrived late at Moscow, in the middle of the night,and we all went into the transit lounge and after about twohours this official came in and told us we'd missed theconnection to Hong Kong; we'd have to stay the night in theairport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the nextmorning I went down to reception and asked what washappening. Disaster! They'd checked my ticket orsomething and decided it wasn't a proper Aeroflot one, onlyvalid for the twice-a-week flight, not the daily flight. So Ihad to sit there and watch all the other passengers go off tocatch the next plane to Hong Kong while I was stuck in thisterrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. Thepits! No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the foodwas gross. All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods1）Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are55.2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers inthe store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas (鹰嘴豆) and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries (食品杂货店), including those offering Mexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai andIndian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar, a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural andlow-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying,steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of majorcorporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions. Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need forspecially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, are humanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this"robottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1)It costs as much as a luxury car.2)Sony made it.3)They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4)It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5)Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, by definition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating their own animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador, are learning English as a second language.Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world. How could you apply that to a digital space? So we have bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program. There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn’t want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years. Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called Night at Dreary Castle was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries.Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, many of them will celebrate Scratch’s second anniversary with World Scratch Day. More than 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A.a new and easy-to-use programming language called Scratch.B.1.software engineers, programming language, Scratch2. a computer science teacher, Scratch, March3. an object-oriented language4. interior and exterior settings, manipulate5. download, for free, 6. is encouraged, 400,000, in the past two years7. an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, a 15-year-old8. 80 events, 30Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Corp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially atwo-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo isshifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent toUS$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US.Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansionstrategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's planrequires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, US fast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(Last year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean and friendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.)T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improvingthe fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital。

UNIT 3Section 1 Tactics For Liste ningPart 1 Pho neticsExercise: Complete the follow ing short dialogue as you liste n to the tape.Pay special atte ntio n to the weak forms, fin k-ups and con tracti ons.Frie nd: Hi, Lin da. I hear you and Joh n got married (I) last month ______________Lin da: Yeah, we did, (smili ng) Three weeks (2) ago. _______Frie nd: Well, con gratulati ons!Lin da: Thank you.Frie nd: Did you (3) have a big wedd ing?Lin da: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We did n't want to spe nd very much because(5) we're sav ing to buy a house.Frie nd: Where did you (6) have the receptio n?Lin da: Oh- we (7) didn't have a recepti on. We just (8) invited frie nds over a few for drinks afterwards.Frie nd: What (9) did you wear?Lin da: Just a skirt and blouseFriend: Oh!Lin da: And Joh n wore a (1 0) jacket and jeans. ________Frie nd: Where did you (1 1 ) go foryourho neym oon?Lin da: We (12) didn't have a ho neym oon. We went back to work the n ext day Ah, here comes (13) my bus.Frien d: Liste n. (14)「d love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week*?Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16) I r ll talk to John and (17) call you Mo nday.Friend: Great. See you (18) next week.Lin da: Bye.PART 2 Liste ning and Note-tak ingBob: Look at that Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for 72.64 pounds, I'm going to buy one. We can save at least 20 poun ds.An gela: Yes, and look at the wash ing mach in es. They're going to sellsome was hi ng machines for 98.95 pounds, so we can save 22 pounds ・ A was hi ng machine is more imports nt than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way, Angela. Do you know how much money we've got? About 200 poun ds,I hope.An gela: Here's the bank state me nt. I did rTt want to ope n it. Oh, dear. Bob: What's the matter?Things they want to buy thepric mo1 ・ ahi-fi£ 72.64at least £ 202 a was £ 98 .95An gela: We have n't got 200 pounds,afraid.Bob: Well, come on. How much have we got?An gela: Only 150 pou nds 16.A: Bob and An gela are win dow-shopp ing. The shop is closed, but they are talk ing about the sales n ext week. They are pla nning to buy a lot of things. Listen to the conversation and take notes on the following items:B: Complete the followi ng Senten ces.The amount of money they should pay for the thi ngs they want to buy:£171.59.The amount of money they thi nk they can save: 42 poun ______________The amount of money they thi nk they can have: 200 poun ds.The amount of money they actually have: 150.16 pounds.Sectio n 2 Liste ning Comprehe nsionPART 1 DialoguesDialogues 1 what's he like?A: Tell me about your new man ager. What's he like?B: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good look in g.., well, I think he's good look ing, any way .・・ and he*s about 35 or 36. He's very in terested in all kinds of sports 一football,basketball... oh, and tennis. My frie nd told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club .・・ the club where she plays .・・ you know・A: Oh, is he frie ndly? I mean, in the office .・・B: Well, I don't know him very well. He*s a bit... shy, I think. He isn't married; he lives in a flat on his own .・・ well, just him and his dog.A: Listen to the conversation and complete the following blanks.Age: 35 or 36Appears nee: good-lookingHobbies: sports football basketball and tennis ________Marriage status: sin ______B: Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.1. What is he good at? How does his friend know that?(He is good at tennis. His frie nd knows that because he plays atthe same tennis club where she plays.)2 Does he live alone? Has he got a companion?(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2 How Old Are You?Man 1: All right. Keith. How old are you?Man 2: Thirty-seven.Man 1: Thirty-seven, yeah? And, erm you married?Man 2: Yes.Man 1: Yeah. Have you got children?Man 2: Two.Man 1: Yeah. What are their names?Man 2: Toby and Lucy.Man 1: Toby and Lucy. How old are they?Man 2: One's 11, thafs Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man 1: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Man 2: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press .rm a printer's reader and copy editor. Man 1: Erin, what sort of hours of work do you have*?Man 2: Erm, 7.30 in the morning.Man 1: You start work at 7.30?Man 2: Yes. I start at 7.30 in the morning and finish at 4.15. Thafs with a 45-minute lunch break.Man 1: Yeah・ Do you like it that way? Do you like starting very early?Man 2: No, I don't. No.Man 1: How do you go to work?Man 2: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.Man 1: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing・ What do you like doing? What do you do for enjoyment?Man 2: Well,quite interested in antiques*.Man 1: Yes.Man 2: Things I don't like-・ I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening. Man 1: OK. What reading 一what sort of 一what newspaper do you read?Man 2: The Times.Man 1: The Times, yeah.Man 2: And The Sunday Times.Man 1: Yeah. And what kind of bonks do you read?Man 2: Erm 一tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Man 1: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, Keith?Man2 : No.Man 1: You drin k?Man 2: Occasi on ally.Man 1: Yeah. Do you go to church?Man 2: Not very often, no.Man 1: Right. Thank you very much in deed.Liste n to the in terview and complete the followi ng report.Name of the in terviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. He's got ⑵ two children. One is 1 and the_other is (4)13. He is a (5) printer's reader and copy editor at the (6)Oxford University Press. He starts work at (7) 7:30〜and finishes at (8)4.15 with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. He goes to work by (10) bicycle _______________ and trai n.He is in terested in (11) an tiques. He dislikes (E2) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardeninq. He reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.He does n't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasion ally. He does n*t (18)go to the church ofte n.Part 2 PassagePassage 1 Informational interviewing1-4: D AC B 5-8: A A B DScript:Informational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Theirpurpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the “ins and outs" of that field from a practitioner. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate your interest in and suitability for a particular opport unity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have, explore the compatibility of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informational interviewing will often provide leads as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to orga ni zati ons found in one of the closed stack directories in the CRC library.Part 3 NewsNews item 1This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republica meet for an in formatio nal in terview, try con tact ing employers orn preside ncy. Yet can didates from both parties are promisi ng cha nge.There are major issues facing America ns: the weake ning economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns in elude the troubled hous ing market, high costs of health care and en ergy, and the debate over illegal immigrati on.But in terest in the electi on is also being drive n by the can didates themselves. Democrats Hillary Cli nton or Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black preside nt. Republic Joh n McCa in would become, at age seve nty-two, the oldest preside nt elected to a first term.A: Listen to the news item again and complete the following summary・This n ews item is about the presiden tial electio n in the USA.1.D2. B3. B4.A5. DNews item 2The space shuttle Discovery Ian ded at Kenn edy Space Centre in the state ofFlorida last mon th. It was the one hun dred twen tieth shuttle flight and the twenty- third to the International Space Station.The Un ited States space age ncy had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space stati on to the other. And the n they were to add a new room to the space stati on.NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmonycon necti ng modules .It is the first new room added to the space station since 2001. Harmony is about seve n meters long and about four meters wide .It will be a passageway betwee n the laboratories and the rest of the space statio n.A: Listen to the news item again and complete the following summary.This n ews item is about the one hun dred twen tieth fliqht of the space ____________ shuttle Discovery.Landing time : last monthLanding site: Kennedy Space Centre in the state of Florida ___________It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty・third to the International Space StationTwo main goals for this flight:the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space stati on tothe other.They were to add a new room - Harmony -to the space statio n.-it is a connectinq module.-it is the first new room added to the space station since 2001. _____ ・・it is about seven meters lonq and about four meters wide.-it will be a passaqeway betwee n the laboratories and the rest of the _______ space stati on.News item 3The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow sixpolicies to prevent millions of tabacco-related deaths. The six policiesare known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention polices. The P isfor pretect ing people by establishi ng smoke-free areas. The O sta nds for offering service to help people stop smoking. The W is for warningpeople about the dan gers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for rais ing taxes on tobacco.The WHO says tobacco now causes more tha n five millio n deaths ayear. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by theyear 2030. By the end of the cen tury, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This n ews item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as _______________ predicted by the WHO.B: Listen to the news item again and choose the best answer to answereach of the followi ng questi ons.1.What is the World Health Organization is urging countries to do?The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow sixpolicies to preve nt millio ns of tobacco-related deaths.2.The six policies are kn ow n as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R. Whatdoes each letter sta nd for?The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention polices.eigh tThe P is protecti ng people by establishi ng smoke-free areas.The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking.The W is for warning people about the dan gers of tobacco.The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. How many deaths does tobacco cause now?The WHO says tobacco now cause more than five million deaths a year.4. Will this number rise by the year 2030?Yes, the WHO predicts this number will rise to more than million by theyear 2030.5. How many people will be killed by the end of the century?By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people- ten times asmany as in the twentieth centurySection 3 Oral WorkMrs White: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book comi ng along all right? Mr White: I'm not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write.There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect youll find the answers interesting to work out.Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in. I shall at least be able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will be difficult to guarantee much Ion ger.Mr White: Good, heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they? The house will be impossible to work in while they last.Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll be all right to work in.Mr White: What about the garden? It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will be hard to find in the garden pretty soon, afraid.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:1.What was Mr White doing this morning?(He was writing his book this morning.)2.According to Mr White, was the book comi ng along all right?(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3.What did Mrs White expect?(He expected that Mr White would find the answers interesting to work out.)4.Why did Mr White think the house was easy to work in? (Because he would at least be able to think)5.When would the school holidays start?(They would start in a week.)6.Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays? (No, it was impossible for him to work in the house.)7.Could Mr White work in the garden this moming?(Yes. he could work in the garden this morning.) Why? (Because it was peaceful and quiet)8.Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet? (Because peace: and quiet would hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)Part 2 RetellingTo the American people, educatio n is very im porta nt. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementaryschools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832・ The purpose of the schoolwas to prepare students for college .Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about45 million students in the nation's elementary schools and high schools.Each year there are about three million high school graduates. The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job-training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life - for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.Section 4 Supplementary ExercisesPart I Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British postmen and milkmenBritish postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good- tempered, their brisk* knoeking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy postmen, who make you think that every letter con tains tragic news, but the majority are jolly and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and dow n stairs, as many blocks of flats still have no lifts and no dow nstairs letterbox .If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning.In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular, when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow.Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he hasto do his round*on foot, like his city colleague.Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on the gate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG,” this is of little help to the postman- He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers. Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. B 2 A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. BPassage 2 Study in the United StatesThe latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost 5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State wasnext, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year.More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for in ternational students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.A: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in June of next year. (The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in May of the next year.) F 2 New York University in the State of New York had the largest number of foreign students. (New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students.)T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living therelast year. (The report says the State of California had the mostforeign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended Americanschools during that school year. (More than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.)F 5. Last year the most popular subject of study for inter national stude nts in the United States was computer scienee. (Last year the most popular subject of study for inter national stude nts in the UnitedStates was business and management.)B: Listen to the report again and match the number of students withthe correspond!ng country .54,000 China 47,000 Japan42,000 India 41,000 KoreaPart 2 Oral WorkIn a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty becauseshe spe nt £ 20 at an aucti on sale. She was afraid her husba nd mightaccuse her of being extravagant. I find this attitude difficult to understand, for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend £ 20 as her husband. Sometimes bothhusband and wife go out to work. But, in a case where the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is still unfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of money on herself.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topic.Do you agree with the speaker that the woman's attitude is wrong?职业访谈与工作面试是一回事吗说起职业访谈(Informational Interview ),很多人都不清楚是什么意思。

Unit 7Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Joanna. When does she mean “Not at all”? When does she mean “Only in special cases”? Tick the right box.1. Who? Mary? She doesn’t go out with anyone, you know.2. No. Well, if you ask me, she doesn’t like anybody.3. Oh, a meal. Yes, that’d be nice. But where? I don’t want to eat anywhere.4. Do you think so? Mm —of course, she doesn’t approve of anyone.5. Yes. But what do you suggest? She won’t enjoy anything, will she?6. No, I asked her. I think she doesn’t want to go anywhere.7. I know. It’s odd, isn’t it? Never mind. We don’t have to go out with anyone.8. In fact, let’s not go out with anyone.Key1. (That means she will go out only with someone special.)2. (That means she doesn’t like anybody, no matter who he or she is.)3. (That means she would only eat at some special restaurants.)4. (That means she doesn’t approve of anyone, no matter who he or she is.)5. (That means she has special tastes.)6. (That means she just wants to stay at home.)7. (That means we can go out with particular ones.)8. (That means they will go out on their own.)Part 2 Listening and Note-TakingMountain Rescue ServiceScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. The first thing that happens is that the person who reports the accidentis closely questioned.2. They will also need to know how many people were involved in theaccident and what kind of injuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contactedwithout delay.B. Listen to a talk about mountain rescue service. Take notes andcomplete the following outline.When an accident is reported to the Mountain Rescue Service, the first thing that happens is that the person who reports the accident is closely questioned.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details. First, they need to know exactly where the accident happened, with a map reference if possible. Then they will want to know the time of the accident. They will also need to know how many people were involved in the accident and what kind of injuries there were. Finally, they will ask for other useful details, such as the colour of the victim’s clothing and the weather conditions.Then the rescue team’s call-out procedure begins. Team members keep their personal equipment at home so as to be ready to set off within fifteen minutes of receiving the call. The advance party of about four people sets off right away. They carry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the main party and to the base. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical assistance.The main party follows the advance party. They carry a radiotelephone and more supplies, including a stretcher for the victim. The third party on themountain is the back-up group. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. This vehicle carries the team’s supplies other than personal equipment. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the means of providing hot food and drinks. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help, for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contacted without delay.KeyA. 1. The first thing that happens is that the person who reports the accidentis closely questioned.2. They will also need to know how many people were involved in theaccident and what kind of injuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contacted without delay.B. Mountain Rescue ServiceI. The rescue group needs to find out a number of details.A. The place where the accident happened.B. The time of the accident.C. Details about the victim.II. T hen the rescue team’s call-out procedure begins.A. Team members keep their personal equipment at home so as to beready to set off within fifteen minutes of receiving the call.B. The advance party of about four people sets off right away.1. They carry a radiotelephone with them to send details to themain party and to the base.2. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medicalassistance.C. The main party follows the advance party.1. They carry a radiotelephone and more supplies, including astretcher for the victim.D. The third party on the mountain is the back-up group.1. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.III. Rescue control is set up in a mobile base.A. This vehicle carries the team’s supplies other than personal equipment.B. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the means of providing hotfood and drinks.C. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help, for exampleambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contactedwithout delay.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. What do I care if you choose to make a fool of yourself?2. Walter was satisfied with the outcome; his wife, however, was bitterly disappointed.3. Their trip to the park seashore next day was cut short by the first heavydrops of rain from the brooding clouds.4. Eileen, Sophia and William decorated the room, replaced the furniture,and cleaned the carpet.5. Many of the players have slight injuries, but the team as a whole is in fine shape.Key1. CPL2. CP3. S4. S5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Stressed OutScriptA. In the dialogue the speakers talk about stress management. Listen tothe dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).Friend: Are you OK, Mia? You look beat. You look really tired.Mia: I am. I can’t seem to sleep at night. I’ve been under a lot of pressure lately —a lot of stress.Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up. I need to finish itbefore winter. Just lots of deadlines.Friend: Any way I can help?Mia: Thanks, but not really. It’s just things I have to do.Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you getting any exercise?Mia: Who has time?Friend: You really should ride a bicycle to the store, or walk to work a couple of days a week, or go swimming at the community center.It helps me to get exercise when I’m busy. You don’t have tobecome a fitness nut*, you know.Mia: That is a good suggestion. It’s just the time, you know. I’m alwaysthinking of what I should be doing.Friend: No wonder you can’t sleep. A lot of people learn to meditate* or learn yoga. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good waysto deal with stress. They help you relax.Mia: Yoga? Maybe I’ll call the community center. They might have some classes there.Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use upa lot of vitamins and you don’t get them in your meals all thetime. They won’t help the stress, but they might help your bodyhandle it better. You really should take vitamins every day.Mia: Yeah, I should get some. Thanks.Friend: How about going out with Rosa and me this Friday? It’ll do you good. We could see a movie, make you forget your problems.Have a little fun.Mia : You know, you’re right about all of this. Let’s go somewhere Friday night, have dinner, see a movie. That’ll be fun.Friend: Now you’re talking!Mia: OK. See you Friday. Got to get back to work!Friend: Mia, you’re hopeless, truly hopeless.B. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up. I need tofinish it before winter. Just lots of deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You useup a lot of vitamins and you don’t get them in your meals all thetime. They won’t help the stress, but they might help your bodyhandle it better. You really should take vitamins every day. KeyA. 1. Mia looks great.2. Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds itdifficult to meet the deadlines.3. She is repairing her house herself.4. Her friend believes exercise can help you relax.5. Her friend also believes that if you get regular exercise you willprobably become a fitness nut.6. Mia has insomnia.7. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good ways to deal withstress.8. Vitamins can also relieve stress.9. Mia will go out with her friend Friday evening.10. Mia is probably a workaholic.B. 1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on the house too, you know. I’m trying to fix it up. I need tofinish it before winter. Just lots of deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You useup a lot of vitamins and you don’t get them in your meals all thetime. They won’t help the stress, but they might help your bodyhandle it better. You really should take vitamins every day.Dialogue 2 ReflexologyScriptA. Listen to two people talking about reflexology and complete thefollowing chart.Woman: Did I tell you about the reflexology* class I’m taking at the Asia Center?Man: The what class?Woman: Reflexology. It’s foot massage? You know, from Chinese medicine.Man: Foot massage?Woman: Yeah. It’s wonderful. Here, let me show you what I’ve learned.Take off your shoes and socks.Man: Are you serious?Woman: Just try it.Man: OK.Woman: The important thing to understand is that parts of your foot are connected to other parts of your body.Man: Yeah, my legs.Woman: No. I mean certain places on your foot are connected to other places, other parts of your body. So when you massage a part ofyour foot, it’s good for another part. For example, look at yourbig toe.Man: Uh-huh.Woman: The area on the bottom of the big toe is connected to your brain.Do you have headaches?Man: Headaches? Sometimes.Woman: So just rub the area on the bottom of your big toe. It will help your brain.Man: Huh? Huh. Actually, my eyes hurt more often than my head. My eyes get tired from using the computer at work.Woman: Massaging your other toes can help your eyes. On the bottom of each toe, there’s a small area. They’re round, like circles. Well,rubbing these circles makes your eyes feel better. It relaxes tiredeyes.Man: Here? This area under each toe?Woman: Yeah. But that’s not the only place for tired eyes. If your eyes really hurt, find the area under your two smallest toes …thereby your two smallest toes.Man: Uh-huh.Woman: It looks something like the letter “U.”Massage that U. It will help when you feel really bad pain in your eyes.Man: What else?Woman: Well, now move down your foot on the outside. Find the widest part of your foot on the outside, there’s an area related to yourshoulders. Massage it firmly —not so hard that it hurts, but youshould be firm. This will help the muscles in your shoulders. Man: Like stiff shoulders, that kind of thing?Woman: Right. Now let’s look at the other side of your foot. On the inside of your foot, put your fingers near the top —on the inside, justunder the big toe. Slowly and firmly, rub from the top all the wayto your heel …to the end of your foot. This area will heal yourback. If you have backaches, rub this long, narrow area severaltimes a day.Man: The whole inside edge helps the back?Woman: That’s right. How’s your stomach? Do you get stomachaches?Man: Not very often …well, sometimes, if I eat too much.Woman: Find the area in the center of your foot. It goes from the inside edge of your foot almost all the way to the other side. It’s almostlike a small egg. Massage it firmly. It can help your stomach.Man: Here, in the middle?Woman: Right. You can work on your knees, too. If you have sore knees, move your hand to the bottom, outside edge of your foot, thesole of your foot, by the heel. Rub firmly.Man: You know, this is kind of interesting. But actually, you know what hurts the most? My feet. I get blisters* a lot.Woman: Blisters? Maybe you need bigger shoes.KeyPart 3 PassageEating CultureScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.Don’t Americans know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries and pizza can lead to overweight? Almost 80 percent know that high fat intake may lead to health problems, 86 percent are aware that cholesterol* can mean trouble, and 88 percent know that sodium* may have negative effects onhealth.This leaves obesity* researchers struggling with the questions of why we eat a lot of fat when we know it makes us fat. What’s more, overweight is on the rise, even as popular culture continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracing fashion models as standards of female beauty.A couple of different societal forces are pushing Americans toward overweight, even though we value slenderness. First, broad changes have conspired* to make many adults feel stressed at home and work, from corporate downsizing to being a single parent. They eat as a form of release. People are eating more because it’s a form of gratification.Second, Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eating contests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot the landscape.Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness are primarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes more important with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’t necessarily buy into the slim-is-better philosophy.If there is greater acceptance of overweight among black women, it’s unclear whether it promotes their higher-than-average rates of overweight or results from them. One thing is certain: this high prevalence of overweight among blacks is not genetic. Obesity is not an issue for blacks native to Africa. The low household incomes of many blacks living in the U.S. may play a majorrole in their high levels of overweight. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield the greatest amount of energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Questions:1. How many Americans know that sodium may do harm to their health?2. What worries obesity researchers most?3. What happens to the Americans as popular culture prefers slimness?4. What have made many adults live under the pressure?5. Why do people eat more?6. What do white Americans consider slenderness?7. Which group of people do not believe in the slim-is-better philosophy?8. Which of the following is certain about the cause for high obesity rateamong black Americans?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Experts agree the key to healthy eating is the time-tested advice of balance,variety and moderation. In short, that means eating a wide variety of foods without getting too many calories or too much of any one nutrient. Here are some tips that can help you:Eat a variety of nutrient-rich foods.●Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.●Maintain a healthy weight.●Eat moderate portions.●Eat regular meals.●Reduce but not eliminate certain foods.●Balance your food choices over time.●Know your diet pitfalls.B. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. CC. 1. They know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries and pizzacan lead to overweight.2. People are eating more under stress because it’s a form of gratification.3. Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eatingcontests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot the landscape.4. It is not genetic.5. Because they are poor and have to learn to eat foods that yield thegreatest amount of energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.D. 1. Overweight is on the rise, even as popular culture continues to celebrateslimness, to the point of embracing fashion models as standards offemale beauty.2. Americans live in the only country in the world where pie-eatingcontests are old-fashioned fun, and all-you-can-eat restaurants dot thelandscape.3. Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness areprimarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomesmore important with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly blackwomen, don’t necessarily buy into the slim-is-better philosophy.4. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield the greatest amount ofenergy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Over-60s to Double by 2050ScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The World Health Organization says society worldwide will experience major changes, with 20 percent of the population older than 60. The report urges governments to have policies that permit older people to participate more in society.In 2006, there were 50 million older adults in the Americas. That number is expected to double by 2025. By the year 2050, 1-in-4 people in the Americaswill be over 60. Globally, 1-in-5 people will be over 60.The WHO report says that older people make many important contributions to families and communities. It suggests that these contributions are greater than the costs of providing elders with more health services.The report says societies need to adjust to an aging population.Communities need to become friendlier to older people. This means improving security for the elders and preventing social isolation* and loneliness.Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide more long-term care for conditions common in older age.Governments also need to develop long-term care systems that ensure people live their later years with dignity*. The report says that especially women —who often are the main caregivers for older family members —need more support and resources.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. According to the WHO, 30 percent of the world population will getolder than 60.2. By the year 2025, older adults in the Americas are expected to be100 million.3. The contributions that the elders make to families and communitiesare almost the same as the costs of their health services..4. Communities need to better serve older people, be friendlier tothem and permit them to participate more in society.5. Women who are the main caregivers for elder family membersshould get more support.This news item is about the necessity of having long-term care systems forthe growing ageing population worldwide.B. 1. Communities need to improve security for the elders and prevent socialisolation and loneliness.2. Governments should develop long-term care systems to ensure peoplelive their later years with dignity.C. Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to providemore long-term care for conditions common in older age.News item 2 What Is “Social Jet Lag”?ScriptA. Listen to the news item and complete the following outline. Then give abrief summary about the news item.Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fall asleep at work?Do you sometimes just feel out of it —as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake?If you answered “yes”to any of these questions, you might be suffering from what researchers call “social jet lag*.”And help might come from simply changing your work hours.Till Roenneberg is a German chronobiologist. “Chrono”comes from the Greek root word “chronos”and means “time.”So, a chronobiologist is a scientist that studies the states of being awake and being asleep.Till Roenneberg led researchers in a study at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. They studied “social jet lag”among workers at a steel company in Europe.Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleeping habits. Supervisors did not force the so-called “night owls,”people who like to stay awake at night, to get up early for work. On the other hand, supervisors also did not force early risers, sometimes called “larks,”to work late.Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sense of wellbeing, says Mr. Roenneberg.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. A Study on “Social Jet Lag”The institution: Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, GermanyLeading researcher: Till RoennebergSubject of the research: Workers at a steel company in EuropeMethod: Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleeping habits.Finding: Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sense of wellbeing.This news item is about a way that could cure “social jet lag”—changingwork schedule.B. 1. “Social jet lag”is a feeling that a person usually has when he finds hisbody is awake and his brain is asleep. Therefore he will say he feels out ofit.2. A person who likes to stay up late is called a “night owl”, while a personwho gets up early is called an early riser, or a “lark”.C. Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fall asleep at work?Do you sometimes just feel out of it—as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake?Section Three Oral WorkRetellingHollywood Totem PoleScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.Screenwriters, as Tom Schulman quickly learned, have long been the lowest members on the Hollywood totem* pole.“If I had any inclination to get a big head, the Oscars cured that,”he once recalled. “The presenter who gave me the award [for Dead Poets Society] was Jane Fonda. She had recently been in the news because she had started dating Ted Turner.Anyway, she handed me the Oscar and I made my little speech and we went together into the pressroom where there was a small stage in front of bleachers* filled with about 60 press members, who were supposed to ask the winner questions.Jane and I took the stage and she said, “I’d like to introduce you to T om Schulman, who’s just won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Do you have any questions?”There was a barrage* of questions. “Jane, what’s it like with Ted? Are you getting married?”etc. And she said, “Come on, this isn’t my night, it’s Tom’s night. Please direct your questions to him.”So there’s a little pause and somebody says, “Tom, what’s it like getting an Oscar from Jane? What’s yourthought —you think she’ll marry Ted?”.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageCancerScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.Cancer is the general name for a large group of diseases. It occurs when cells in the body grow and divide out of control.Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Layers of cells form tissues.Normal cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. This process helps keep our bodies healthy.Cancer cells grow and divide too quickly. The process usually starts when something damages the genetic structure (DNA*) inside the cells. Instead of dying in an orderly way, cancer cells keep growing, lump together* and form an extra mass of tissues. This mass is called a malignant* tumor. As a malignant tumor grows, it damages nearby tissue. A malignant tumor can take a long time (up to 30 years) or a short time (2 or 3 years) to cause symptoms.Cancer can begin in one part of the body and spread to others. This is called metastasis*. During metastasis, cancer cells travel through the body. Inthe new location, cancer cells create a new malignant tumor and grow out of control.Not all tumors are malignant. Some are benign, which means they aren’t cancerous. Benign tumors usually aren’t life threatening. They can usually be removed and rarely come back.We’re not exactly sure what causes cancer. We don’t always know why one person gets it and another doesn’t. However, we do know a lot about the risk factors for cancer. The more we know about the risk factors, the more we can do to protect ourselves.Risk is a person’s chance of getting a disease over a certain period of time.A person’s risk factors make up a person’s risk.A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance of getting a disease. You can control some of them, but not all of them. Risk factors for cancer include:● A lifestyle choice, like what a person eats;●An environmental exposure, like smoke from other people’scigarettes;●Genetic make-up or family history;●Another disease or medical problem.These things mix together with different effects on different people. Some people are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just because you have one or even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer.And avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy.Questions:1. What are our bodies made up of?2. When does the process of cancer cells growing and dividing start?3. What do cancer cells form instead of dying in an orderly way?4. How long can a malignant tumor take to cause symptoms?5. Where can cancer start at the beginning?6. What do cancer cells do during metastasis?7. How many risk factors for cancer do we know?8. What do risk factors mean to those people who have one or several risk factors?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. CB. 1. Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow and divide out of control.2. The process of normal cells helps keep our bodies healthy.3. No, not all tumors are malignant. Benign tumors can usually be removedand rarely come back.4. A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance ofgetting a disease.5. Some people are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just becauseyou have one or even several risk factors does not mean you willdefinitely get cancer. And avoiding risk factors does not guarantee youwill be healthy.Part 2 VideoStudents Invent Water Purification DiscScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The lab operates like a kitchen. They add this ingredient and that, mixing, weighing, pressing and baking.What’s created is called a MadiDrop —a ceramic* disc infused* with silver.When dropped in water, silver ions are released to purify the water. And, testing here at the University of Virginia shows clean, safe water. Beeta Ehdaie isa doctoral candidate at UVA.“It’s not just about making a really great technology that effectively removes or kills bacteria and pathogens*. It’s about making a low cost, simple to use one, tailored* to people in developing countries who don’t have many resources.”The students are experimenting with various shapes of MadiDrops to。

UNIT 3Section 1 Tactics For ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, fink-ups and contractions.Friend: Hi, Linda. I hear you and John got married (1)last month.Linda: Yeah, we did, (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago.Friend: Well. Congratulations!Linda: Thank you.Friend: Did you (3) have a big weddingLinda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn't want to spend very much because (5) we're saving to buy a house.Friend: Where did you (6) have the receptionLinda: Oh~ we (7) did n’t have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards.Friend: What (9) did you wear'Linda: Just a skirt and blouseFriend: Oh!Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans.Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoonLinda: We (12) didn't have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day Ah, here comes (13) my bus.Friend: Listen. (14) I'd love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week'Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16)I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday.Friend: Great. See you (18) n ext week.Linda: Bye.PART 2 Listening and Note-takingBob: Look at that Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for pounds, I’m going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds.Angela: Yes, and look at the washing machines. They're going to sell some washing machines for 98 95 pounds, go we can save 22 pounds. A washing machine is more important than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way. Angela. Do you know how much money we've got About 200 pounds, I hope.Angela: Here's the bank statement. I didn't want to open it. Oh, dear.Bob: What's the matterAngela: We haven't got 200 pounds, I'm afraid.Bob: We!l, come on. How much have we gotAngela: Only 150 pounds 16.Exercise A: Bob and Angela are window-shopping. The shop is closed, but they are talking about the sales next week. They are planning to buy a lot of things. Listen to the conversation and take notes on the following items:the things they want to buy the price money they can save1 a hi-fi 72~64 pounds at least 20 pounds.2. a washing machine pounds 22 pounds~Exercise B: Complete the following Sentences.The amount of money they should pay for the things they want to buy: 171 pounds 59.The amount of money they think they can save: 42 pounds.The amount of money they think they can have: 21}0 pounds,The amount of money they actually have: 150 pounds 16.Section 2 Listening ComprehensionPART 1 DialoguesDialogues 1 what’s he likeA: Tell me about your new manager. What's he likeB: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good looking.., well, I think he's good looking, anyway ...and he's about 35 or 36. He's very interested iii all kinds of sports -- football, basketball ... oh, and tennis. My friend told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club ... the club where she plays ... you know.A: Oh, is he friendly I mean, in the office ...B: Well, I don't know him very well. He's a bit ... shy I think. He isn't married, he lives in a flat on his own ... well, just him and his dog.Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and complete the following blanks.Age: 35 or 36Appearance: good-lookingHobbies: sports football basketball and tennisMarriage status: single / not marriedExercise B: Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions. 1. What is he good at' How does his friend know that(He is good at tennis. His friend knows that because he plays at the same tennis club where she plays.)2. Does he live alone Has he got a companion(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2 how old are youMan: All right. Keith. How old me youWoman: Thirty-seven.Man: Thirty-seven, yeah' And, erm you marriedWoman: Yes.Man: Yeah. Have you got children'Woman: Two.Man: Yeah. What are their namesWoman: Toby and Lucy.Man: Toby and Lucy How old arc theyWoman: One's 11, that's Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Woman: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press. I'm a printer's reader and copy editor.Man: Erin, what sort of hours of work do you have'Woman: Erm, in the morning.Man: You start work atWoman: Yes. I start at in the morning and finish at . That's with a 45-minutelunch break.Man: Yeah. Do you like it that way Do you like starting very earlyWoman: No, I don't. No.Man: How do you go to workWoman: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.Man: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing. What do you like doing What do you do for enjoyment Woman: Weil, I'm quite interested in antiques*.Man: Yes.Woman: Things I don't like I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening.Man: OK.Woman: What reading -- what sort of-- what newspaper do you readMan.' The Times.Woman: The Times, yeah.Man: And The Sunday Times.Woman: Yeah. And what kind of books do you readMan: Erm-- tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Woman: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, KeithMan: No.Woman: You drinkMan: Occasionally.Woman: Yeah. Do you go to churchMan: Not very often, no.Woman: Right. Thank you very much indeed.Exercise: Listen to the interview and complete the following report.Name of the interviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. She's got (2) two children. One is (3)11 and the other is (4)13. She is a (5) p rinter’s reader and copy editor at the (6) Oxford University Press. She starts work at (7) 7:30~and finishes at (8) with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. She goes to work by (10) bicycle and train.She is interested in (11) antiques. She dislikes (E2) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardening. She reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.She doesn't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasionally. She doesn't (18) go to the church often. .Part 2 PassageInformational interviewingInformational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Their purpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the "ins and outs*" of that field from a practitioner*. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate* your interest in and suitability for a particular opportunity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have. explore the compatibility* of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informationalinterviewing will often provide leads* as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to meet for an informational interview, try contacting employers or organizations found in one of the closed stack*directories in the CRC* library.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.2. A3. C4. B5. C6. A7. BPart 3 NewsNews item 1This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republican presidency. Yet candidates from both parties are promising change.There are major issues facing Americans: the weakening economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns include the troubled housing market, high costs of health care and energy, and the debate over illegal immigration.But interest in the election is also being driven by the candidates themselves. Democrats Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black president. Republican John McCain would become, at age seventy-two, the oldest president elected to a first term.Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the presidential election in the USA.Ex. B: choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.2. B3. B4. ANews item 2The space shuttle Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center in the state of Florida last month. It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.The United States space agency had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other. And then they were to add a new room to the space station.NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmony connecting module. It is the first new room added to the space station since two thousand one. Harmony is about seven meters long and about four meters wide. It will be a passageway between the laboratories and the rest of the space station.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary,This news item is about the 120th flight of the space shuttle Discovery.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following passage. Landing time: last monthLanding site: Kennedy Space Center in the state of FloridaIt was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.Two main goals for this flight:1. The crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other.2. They were to add a new room—Harmony—to the space station.connecting;the first new room; 2001;seven meters; four meters;passageway; the restNews item 3The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And R is for raising taxes on tobacco.The says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year two thousand thirty. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people -- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as predicted by the WHO.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.1. The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.2. The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offeringservices to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco.The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year.4. Yes. The WHO predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030.5. By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Section 3 Oral WorkMrs White: How did your writing go this morning Is the book coming along all right'Mr White: l’m not sure. I thin k the rest of it will be difficult to write. There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect you'll find the answers interesting to work out.Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in.I shall at leastha able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will ha difficult to guarantee muchlonger.Mr White: Good, heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they The house will be impossible to work in while they last.Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll be all right to workin.Mr White: What about the garden It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will ha hard to find in the garden pretty soon, I'm afraid.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:] What was Mr White doing this morning'He was writing his book this morning42. According to Mr White. was the book coming along all right(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3 What did Mrs White expect(She expected that Mr White would find the answers to some problems occurred in his book.~4. Why did Mr White think the house was easy ro work in(Because he would at least be able to think )5 When would the school holidays start(They would start in a week I6. Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays(No, it was impossible for him to work in the house,7. Could Mr White work in the garden this morning.Yes. he could work in the garden this morning.)Why (Because it was peaceful and quiet)8. Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet(Because peace: and quiet would hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)Part 2 RetellingTo the American people, education is very important. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementary schools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832. The purpose of the school was to prepare students for college. Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about 45 million students in thenation's elementary schools and high schools, Each year there are about three million high school graduates.The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life – for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell il in your own words. You will hear thepassage only once.Section 4 Supplementary ExercisesPart I Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British postmen and milkmenBritish postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their brisk* knocking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy postmen, who make you think that every letter contains tragic news, but the majority are jolly and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats still have no lifts and no downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning.In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular, when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow.Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round*on foot, like his city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on the gate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG," this is of little help to the postman~ He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences,2. A3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. BPassage 2 Study in the United StatesThe latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State was next, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year. More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for international students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.Exercise A: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and endsin June of next year. (The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in May of the next year.)F 2. New York University in the State of New York had the largest number of foreign students. (New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students.)T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living there last year. (The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended American schools duringthat school year. (More than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.)F 5. Last year the most popular subject of study for international students in theUnited States was computer science. (Last year the most popular subject of study for international stu- dents in the United States was business and management.)Exercise B: Listen to the report again and match the number of students with the corresponding country.54,000 India47,000 China421000 Korea41 000 JapanPart 2 Oral WorkIn a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty because she spent~20 at an auction sale. She was afraid her husband might accuse her of being extravagant. I find this attitude difficult to understand, for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend ~20 as her husband. Sometimes both husband and wife go out to work. But, in a case where the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is still unfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of money on herself.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topic. Do you agree with the speaker that the woman's attitude is wrong。

听⼒教程第三版Unit4施⼼远学⽣⽤书答案Unit 4Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to some short conversations. Has the second speaker finished talking? Tick the right box.1. A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the secretary’s off ice is, please?B: Yes. It’s up the stairs, then turn left, …↗2. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the toilets are?B: Yes, they’re at the top of the stairs. ↘3. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Ah, well, I went for a drink in the pub opposite the carpark. ↘4. A: What did you do after work yesterday?B: Oh, I ran into Jane and Tom, …↗5. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Certainly. Erm, first of all you adjust the height of the stool, and then put four 10-pence pieces there, ... ↗6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how the machine works?B: Yes. You put 30 pence in the slot and take the ticket out here. ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingFrog LegsScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. Indian scientists have describ ed as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs aredisappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat eachyear between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Listen to a talk about frog legs. Take notes and complete the following summary.People want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries —or at least until they have run out of frogs. But the most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspired frog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the French government, so concerned about the scarcity of its native frog, banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians*. So the French turned to India and Bangladesh for frogs.As happened in France, American frog-leg fanciers and restaurants also turned increasingly to frozen imports. According to figures collected from government agencies, the United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984.So many frozen frog legs were exported from India to Europe and the United States.One of the attractions of Indian frogs, apart from the fact that they have bigger legs than French frogs, was the price. In L ondon, a pound of frozen frog’s legs from India cost about ￡1.75, compared with ￡3.75 for the French variety.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouring* damaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country the legs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belong to frogs that are taken from the wild, not from farms. Frogs are nearly impossible to farm economically in the countries where frogs are commercially harvested from the wild.KeyA. 1. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.2. By 1977 the French government banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians.3. India n scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs aredisappearing from the rice fields and wetlands.4. The United States imported more than 6.5 million pounds of frozen frog meat eachyear between 1981 and 1984.5. One of the attractions of Indian frogs was the price.B. Frog LegsPeople want frogs mostly for food. Many Asian cultures have included frog legs in their diets for centuries.The most famous frog-eaters, and the people who inspiredfrog-eating in Europe and the United States are the French. By 1977 the Frenchgovernment banned commercial hunting of its own amphibians. So the French turned toIndia and Bangladesh for frogs. And the United States imported more than 6.5 millionpounds of frozen frog meat each year between 1981 and 1984. One of the attractions ofIndian frogs was the price.Indian scientists have described as “disastrous” the rate at which frogs are disappearing from the rice fields and wetlands, where they protect crops by devouringdamaging insects.Since the India and Bangladesh frog-export bans, Indonesia has become the major exporter of frog legs to the United States and Europe. But no matter what country thelegs come from, one thing is usually constant: The legs once belong to frogs that aretaken from the wild, not from farms.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. I told them what I thought; moreover, I will tell anyone else who wants to know.2. When the timer rang, she was in the living room talking to the neighbors who haddropped in.3. Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999, and gave her name and address inclear, concise tones.4. As a minister’s wife, she has more than her fair share of telep hone calls.5. That polish makes the floor dangerously slick; we will have to be careful until itwears down.Key1. C-C2. CPL3. S4. S5. C-CPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Health ClubScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following chart.Interviewer: Lorna, you and your husband opened this health club here last summer.Can you tell me something about the club?Lorna: Yes, well we offer a choice of facilities —gym, sunbed*, sauna* andJacuzzi* —that’s also from Scandinavia— as well as our regular fitnessclasses, that is. And there’s a wholefood bar for refreshments afterwards.Interviewer: And does it cost a lot? I mean, most people think health clubs are reallyexpensive.Lorna: Actually our rates are really quite competitive. Since we only started lastJuly, we’ve kept them down to attract customers. It’s only ￡30 a year tojoin. Then an hour in the gym costs ￡2.50 — the same as half an hour onthe sunbed. Sauna and Jacuzzi are both ￡1.50 for half an hour.Interviewer: And is the club doing well?Lorna: Well, so far, yes, it’s doing really well. I had no idea it was going to besuch a success, actually. We’re both very pleased. The sunbed’s sopopular, especially with the over 65s, that we’re getting another one in August.Interviewer: What kind of people join the club?Lorna: We have people of all ages here, from small children to old-age pensioners, though of course the majority, about three-quarters of our members, are in their 20s and 30s. They come in their lunch hour, to usethe gym, mostly, or after work, while the youngsters come when school finishes, around half past three or four. The Jacuzzi’s very popular withthe little ones.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: They’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special reduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only ￡2, whichis half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — only about 5%of our members are retired.B. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences with the missing words.Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: T hey’re usually around in the mornings, when we offer them special reduced rates —for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, i t’s only ￡2,which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — onlyabout 5% of our members are retired.KeyA.B. Interviewer: What about the old-age pensioners?Lorna: They’re usually around in the mornings, when w e offer them specialreduced rates—for the Jacuzzi or sauna, plus sunbed, it’s only ￡2,which is half price, actually. It doesn’t affect our profits really — onlyabout 5% of our members are retired.Dialogue 2 SkiingScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questionsSimon: This one shows the view from the top of the mountain.Sally: Oh, it’s lovely!Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.Teresa: Oh, don’t worry. I know it looks ridiculous.Simon: Look. That’s our instructor, Werner.Teresa: Yeah, we were in the beginners’ class.Sally: Well, everyone has to start somewhere.Simon: Ah, now, this is a good one.Sally: What on earth is that?Simon: Can’t you guess?Sally: Well, it looks like a pile of people. You know, sort of on top of each other.Teresa: It is!Sally: How did that happen?Simon: Well, you see we were all pretty hopeless at first. Every day Werner used to take us to the nursery slope* to practise, and to get to the top you had to go upon a ski lift*.Teresa: Which wasn’t really very easy.Simon: No, and if you fell off you’d start sliding down the slope, right into all the people coming up!Sally: Mmm.Simon: Well, on that day we were all going up on the ski lift, you know, we were just getting used to it, and, you see there was this one woman in our class whonever got the hang of* it. She didn’t have any sort of control over her skis andwhenever she started sliding, she would sort of stick her ski sticks out in frontof her, you know, like swords or something.Teresa: I always tried to avoid her, but on that day I was right behind her on the ski lift and just as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down theslope.Sally: Did she?Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended u p in a pile at the bottom of the slope — it was lucky I had my camera with me. Sally: I bet that woman was popular!Simon: Oh, yes, everybody’s favourite!B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following passage.C. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and complete the following sentenceswith the missing words.1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift toget out of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope — itwas lucky I had my camera with me.KeyA. 1. They are looking at some pictures.2. A ski class for beginners.3. Two.B. Everyday the coach took them to a nursery slope. They got to the top on a ski lift. Intheir class, there was one woman who could never learn how to ski. She couldn’t control her skis and whenever she started sliding, she would stick her ski sticks out in front of her. People always tried to avoid her.One day as she was getting to the top, she slipped and started sliding down the slope.Everyone tried to jump off the ski lift to get out of the way and they all slid down the slope and ended up in a pile at the bottom.C. 1. Teresa: That’s me with the red bobble hat.Sally: Is it?Teresa: Yet, it looks kind of silly, doesn’t it?Sally: Yes, it does rather.2. Simon: Mmm, with her ski sticks waving around in front of her!Teresa: So of course everyone sort of let go and tried to jump off the ski lift to getout of the way.Simon: And that’s how they all ended up in a pile at the bottom of the slope — itwas lucky I had my camera with me.Part 3 PassageThe Truth about the French!ScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Skiing in France is heaven on Earth for a dedicated skier. There are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all the ski resorts in Utah* and Colorado* combined.The larger resorts have an adequate number of restaurants and discos. It is a good idea to eat a good lunch because the mountain restaurants are normally much better than the restaurants in the ski stations.French resorts are mostly government owned and operated. The social system puts a high percentage of money back into the areas. This provides state-of-theart* lifts, snow making and snow grooming. In general, an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily be able to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.The French school systems have a staggered* two-week winter vacation period. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period. The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March. The time to absolutely avoid is the “Paris school holiday week” which will always be in the middle period of the vacation time but alternates starting the first or second week of the break.No one has a more undeserved* reputation about his or her character than the French.The French are not generally arrogant and rude. True, in large tourist centers there are unpleasant people and if you’re looking for or expecting rudeness, you may just provoke* it.Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish and you will find warmth and acceptance. The most fractious* Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity*.When greeting someone or saying good-bye, always shake hands. Don’t use a firm, pumping handshake, but a quick, slight pressure one. When you enter a room or a shop you should greet everyone there. If you meet a person you know very well, use their first name and kiss both cheeks. Men don’t usually kiss unless they are relatives. Good topics of conversation include food, sports, hobbies and where you come from. Topics to avoid are prices, where items were bought, what someone does for a living, income and age. Questions about personal and family life are considered private. Expect to find the French well-informed about the history, culture and politics of other countries. To gain their respect, be prepared to show some knowledge of the history and politics of France.France is generally a very safe country to visit. Pickpockets, however, are not unheard of.In large cities particularly, take precautions against theft. Always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visible and don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!Questions:1. How large are the ski resorts in France?2. Why do people prefer to eat lunch at the mountain restaurants?3. How do most of the French resorts operate?4. What kind of vacation do French students usually have?5. What kind of unfair reputation do the French have?6. What is recommended when greeting someone or saying good-bye?7. What are good topics of conversation?8. What is still necessary when visiting France?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Skiing can be divided into cross-country skiing and alpine skiing. Cross-country skiingis a low-impact, aerobic activity. It is becoming increasingly popular. It can be enjoyed even if you have a relatively low skill level. It does not require exorbitant lift fees, and it has a relatively low injury rate (cross-country skiing has an injury rate about 10 times less than alpine skiing). Skiing uses more muscles than running and is less stressful on the legs.Alpine or downhill skiing is a popular family sport shared by people of all ages and athletic abilities. It has less benefits for aerobic fitness than cross-country skiing because activity is usually in short bursts, but it is good for strengthening muscles particularly those in the upper leg. Alpine skiing is also a tough sport, particularly demanding on the legs.B. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. DC. 1. Because there are resorts where you can access skiing terrain that is larger than all theski resorts in Utah and Colorado combined.2. Because in a French resort an intermediate skier who can read a lift map will easily beable to ski all day avoiding lift lines and crowds, even during the busiest season.3. This staggered two-week winter vacation period usually covers the last two weeks ofFebruary and the first week of March.4. The French are not generally arrogant and rude. Generally they are as kind as youwish.5. In large cities in France, always secure your vehicles, leave nothing of value visibleand don’t carry your wallet in your back pocket. Beware of begging children!D. 1. When the snow is good, nearly all of France migrates to the mountains for this period.The break usually covers the last two weeks of February and the first week of March.2. Generally the French, especially in the countryside, are as kind as you wish. The mostfractious Frenchman is easily disarmed by a little sincerity.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 India’s Selfie CampaignScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a briefsummary about the news item.Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign on social media.The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating the lives of girls. It is part of the Indian government’s “Save Daughter, Teach Daughter” movement, which began earlier this year.The Indian leader used a radio broadcast last Sunday to urge people to publish photographs taken with their daughters on social media. He expressed hope that this could revolutionize the movement to save the country’s girls.Sexual inequality has long been a major problem in India’s highly patriarchal* society.For years, Indian families have wanted boys more than girls. In India, many girls are considered inferior to boys. Some are even killed before they are born or as newborns because they are thought to be less desirable. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six years, India has 914 girls.It was not j ust fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers in countries as far away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another public relations effort, but will support India’s push to give its daughters the same positions as its sons.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. The Prime Minister launched the campaign on social media.2. The movement began earlier this year.3. The Prime Minister urge people to publish photographs taken with their daughters onsocial media.4. Social activists hope the campaign will not just be another public relations effort, butwill support the appeal for giving the daughters the same position as the sons.5. Fathers in countries such as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.This news item is about a campaign launched by Indian Prime Minister on recognizingand celebrating the lives of girls.B. 1. Sexual inequality has been a major problem in India’s patriarchal society.2. Many girls are considered inferior to boys in India, therefore some are even killedbefore they are born or as newborns.3. For every 1,000 boys up to the age of six, there are only 914 girls in India.C. 1. Recently, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a campaign on social media.The campaign is aimed at recognizing and celebrating the lives of girls.2. It was not just fathers in India who answered Mr. Modi’s call. Fathers in countries asfar away as Sweden also posted pictures with daughters.3. Social activists hope this campaign will not just be another public relations effort, butwill support India’s push to give its daughters the same positions as its sons.News item 2 100-Year-Old Japanese Woman’s Swimming RecordScriptA. Listen to the news item and fill out the following chart. Then give a brief summaryabout the news item.As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer —at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool — she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s first centenarian*to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter pool. Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against others. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100–104 year old category*. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance*, or not giving up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyThis news item is about a 100-year-old Japanese woman who sets the swimming record.B. 1. Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world’s first centenarian tocomplete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition.2. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.3. After suffered a knee injury, Ms. Nagaoka became a competitive swimmer —at ageof 88.C.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal inthe 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingThe StrandScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.There is a street called “The Strand” in Galveston,where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit today. This street was Mama’s stomping* ground as a kid. Before Mama died, we took a streetcar around Galveston to see all the lovely, restored homes. What a great day.She knew more than the tour guide. As we sat enjoying the sights, Mama said, “Liz, do you know why my nose is a littl e crooked*?” (I thought, “Where did that come from?”) “No, Mama, you haven’t ever mentioned it,” I replied.“Well,” said mother, “one day I followed my brothers to The Strand, and a streetcar ran over me. I put myself flat down between the rails and pushed my face in the ground so hard that I broke my nose! It sure caused a lot of chaos*. People screamed, the police came, and I just crawled out, brushed myself off and went home. The only thing I ever noticed different about me was a crooked nose.”I just looked at her nose and looked at Mama in utter disbelief!Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageBabies and IntelligenceScriptA. Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Research scientists at the National Institute of Child Health and Development note that babies are strongly influenced bytheir environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other humans. This ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.The Finnish researchers used devices to meas ure the babies’ brain acti vity. The researchers played recordings of spoken sounds for up to one hour while the babies slept.The head of the study believes that babies can learn while asleep because the part of their brains called the cerebral cortex* remains active at night. The cortex is very important for learning. This part of the brain is not active in adults while they sleep. Many experts say the first years of a child’s l ife are important for all later development.An American study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. The study involved more than 1,200 mothers and children.Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. They observed the mothers playing with their children four times during this period.The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old.The children of depressed women did not do as well on tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.Another study suggests that babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life. It found that the intelligence of a child at seven years of age is directly linked to his or her weight at birth. Study organizers say this is probably because heavier babies received more nutrition* during important periods of brain development before they were born.The study involved almost 3,500 children. Researchers in New York City used traditional tests to measure intelligence. Brothers and sisters were tested so that the effects of birth weight alone could be separated from the effects of diet or other considerations.The researchers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.B. Listen to the passage again and complete the chart.KeyA. 1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or sixmonths old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies communicate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were stilldeveloping inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.B.Part 2 VideoHaiti Amputee Soccer TeamScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.In Haiti there is a soccer team unlike any you have ever seen. It is made up of players who have lost legs and arms, mostly during the earthquake in 2010. Just as the players are different, so is their field, called a “pitch”. People live near it. There are pools of water on it.And cows walk by. The players kick with the same leg they stand on. Goalies defend with the only arm they have. The team is called Zaryen. That is Creole for “tarantula’ — a spider that can live without one of its legs. A balcony collapsed on Judithe Facile during the earthquake.She was near death. Soccer has brought her back to life.“Now I feel like I’m alive. Because, before that, after I lost my leg, I didn’t have any hope for the future, even though I was walking on the crutches.”Cedieu Fortilus says the players have changed the way Haitians think about the disabled.“When I see they are playing like that, I’m so proud. I’m so proud. I think I’m doing a good job. So, I see so many people, even Haitian, if they are crossing the street, they take time to look at them because they are doing something very strange. Something many Haitians have never seen in their life.”Several organizations in the United States give money to the team, and pay for artificial arms and legs for all Haitians who need them.Cindy Orange says: “Soccer has taught me to do a lot of things on one leg that I wasn’t used to doing before. I feel comfortable when I’m playing.”Key1. That’s because this soccer team in Haiti is formed by those p layers who have losttheir legs and arms.。

Unit 7Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Joanna. When does she mean “Not at all”? When doesshe mean “Only in special cases”? Tick the right box.1. Who? Mary? She doesn’t go out with anyone, you know.2. No. Well, if you ask me, she doesn’t like anybody.3. Oh, a meal. Yes, that’d be nice. But where? I don’t want to eat anywhere.4. Do you think so? Mm —of course, she doesn’t approve of anyone.5. Yes. But what do you s uggest? She won’t enjoy anything, will she?6. No, I asked her. I think she doesn’t want to go anywhere.7. I know. It’s odd, isn’t it? Never mind. We don’t have to go out with anyone.8. In fact, let’s not go out with anyone.Key1. (That means she will go out only with someone special.)2. (That means she doesn’t like anybody, no matter who he or she is.)3. (That means she would only eat at some special restaurants.)4. (That means she doesn’t approve of anyone, no matter who he or she is.)5. (That means she has special tastes.)6. (That means she just wants to stay at home.)7. (That means we can go out with particular ones.)8. (That means they will go out on their own.)Part 2 Listening and NoteTakingMountain Rescue ServiceScriptA.Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missingwords.1. The first thing that happens is that the person whoreports the accident iscloselyquestioned.2. They will also need to know how many people wereinvolved in the accidentand what kind of injuriesthere were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backup group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its returnjourney.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra helpcan be contacted withoutdelay.B. Listen to a talk about mountain rescue service. Takenotes and complete thefollowing outline.When an accident is reported to the Mountain Rescue Service, the first thingthat happens is that the person who reports the accident is closely questioned.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details. First, they need to knowexactly where the accident happened, with a map reference if possible. Then theywill want to know the time of the accident. They will also need to know how manypeople were involved in the accident and what kind of injuries there were. Finally,they will ask for other useful details, such as the colour of the victim’s clothing andthe weather conditions.Then the rescue team’s ca llout procedure begins. Team members keep theirpersonal equipment at home so as to be ready to set off within fifteen minutes ofreceiving the call.The advance party of about four people sets off right away.Theycarry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the main party and to thebase. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical assistance.The main party follows the advance party. They carry a radiotelephone and moresupplies, including a stretcher for the victim. The third party on the mountain isthe backup group. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. This vehicle carries the team’s suppliesother than personal equipment. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the meansof providing hot food and drinks. The base is set up near a telephone so that extrahelp, for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contactedwithout delay.KeyA.1. The first thing that happens is that the person whoreports theaccident is closely questioned.2. They will also need to know how many people wereinvolved in theaccident and what kind of injuriesthere were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backup group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contactedwithout delay.B. Mountain Rescue ServiceI.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details.A. The place where the accident happened.B. The time of the accident.C. Details about the victim.II.Then the rescue team’s callout procedure begins.A. Team members keep their personal equipment athome so as to beready to set off within fifteenminutes of receiving the call.B. The advance party of about four people sets off right away.1. They carry a radiotelephone with them to senddetails to the mainparty and to the base.2. They are also equipped and trained to giveimmediate medical assistance.C. The main party follows the advance party.1. They carry a radiotelephone and more supplies,including a stretcherfor thevictim.D. The third party on the mountain is the backup group.1. Their job is to help the main party on its returnjourney.III. Rescue control is set up in a mobile base.A. This vehicle carries the team’s supplies o ther than personal equipment.B. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the means ofproviding hot foodand drinks.C. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help,for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter orreserves, can be contactedwithout delay. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex(CPL) orcompoundcomplex (CC). You will hear each sentence twice.Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. What do I care if you choose to make a fool ofyourself?2. Walter was satisfied with the outcome; his wife, however, was bitterlydisappointed.3. Their trip to the park seashore next day was cut shortby the first heavy drops ofrain from the broodingclouds.4. Eileen, Sophia and William decorated the room,replaced the furniture, andcleaned the carpet.5. Many of the players have slight injuries, but the team as a whole is in fine shape.Key1. CPL2. CP3. S4. S5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Stressed OutScriptA. In the dialogue the speakers talk about stressmanagement.Listen to the dialogue and decide whetherthe following statementsare true (T) or false (F).Friend: Are you OK, Mia? You look beat. You look really tired.Mia: I am. I can’t seem to sleep at night. I’ve been undera lot of pressure lately— a lot of stress.Friend: What’s up?Mia:I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on thehouse too, you know. I’m tryingto fix it up. I need to finish it beforewinter. Justlots of deadlines.Friend: Any way I can help?Mia: Thanks, but not really. It’s just things I have to do. Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you getting anyexercise?Mia: Who has time?Friend: You really should ride a bicycle to the store, or walk to work a couple ofdays a week, or goswimming at the community center. It helpsme toget exercise when I’m busy. You don’thave to become a fitness nut*, youknow.Mia: That is a good suggestion. It’s just the time, you know. I’m a lwaysthinking of what I should bedoing.Friend: No wonder you can’t sleep. A lot of people learn to meditate* or learnyoga. Meditation andyoga are supposed to be good ways to dealwithstress. They help you relax.Mia: Yoga? Maybe I’ll call the community center. Theymight have someclasses there.Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lotof vitamins and youdon’t get them in your meals all the time. Theywon’thelp the stress, but they might help yourbody handle it better. You reallyshould takevitamins every day.Mia: Yeah, I should get some. Thanks.Friend: How about going out with Rosa and me this Friday? It’ll do you good.We could see a movie,make you forget your problems. Have a littlefun.Mia : You know, you’re right about all of this. Let’s go somewhere Friday night,have dinner, see amovie. That’ll be fun.Friend: Now you’re talking!Mia: OK. See you Friday. Got to get back to work!Friend: Mia, you’re hopeless, truly hopeless.B. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue and completethefollowing sentences with the missing words.1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work.I’m working on thehouse too, you know. I’mtrying to fix it up. I need to finish itbeforewinter. Just lots of deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to takevitamins. You use upa lot of vitamins and youdon’t get them in your meals all thetime.They won’t help the stress, but theymight help your body handle itbetter. Youreally should take vitamins every day.KeyA. F 1. Mia looks great.T 2. Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds it difficultto meet thedeadlines.T 3. She is repairing her house herself.T 4. Her friend believes exercise can help you relax.T 5. Her friend also believes that if you get regular exercise you will probablybecome a fitness nut.T 6. Mia has insomnia.T 7. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good ways to deal with stress.F 8. Vitamins can also relieve stress.T 9. Mia will go out with her friend Friday evening.T 10. Mia is probably a workaholic.B. 1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work.I’m working on thehouse too, you know. I’mtrying to fix it up. I need to finish itbeforewinter. Just lots of deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to takevitamins. You use upa lot of vitamins and youdon’t get them in your meals all thetime.They won’t help the stress, but theymight help your body handle itbetter. Youreally should take vitamins every day. Dialogue 2 ReflexologyScriptA. Listen to two people talking about reflexology andcompletethe following chart.Woman: Did I tell you about the reflexology* class I’m taking at the Asia Center?Man: The what class?Woma n: Reflexology. It’s foot massage? You know, from Chinese medicine.Man: Foot massage?Woman: Yeah. It’s wonderful. Here, let me show you what I’ve learned. Take off your shoes and socks.Man: Are you serious?Woman: Just try it.Man: OK.Woman: The important thing to understand is that parts of your foot areconnected to other parts of your body. Man: Yeah, my legs.Woman: No. I mean certain places on your foot are connected to other places,other parts of your body. So whenyou massage a part of your foot, it’sgood foranother part. For example, look at your big toe. Man: Uhhuh.Woman: The area on the bottom of the big toe is connected to your brain. Doyou have headaches?Man: Headaches? Sometimes.Woman: So just rub the area on the bottom of your big toe. It will help yourbrain.Man: Huh? Huh. Actually, my eyes hurt more often than my head. My eyesget tired from using the computerat work.Woman: Massaging your other toes can help your eyes. On the bottom of eachtoe, there’s a small area. They’reround, like circles. Well, rubbing thesecirclesmakes your eyes feel better. It relaxes tired eyes. Man: Here? This area under each toe?Woman: Yeah. But that’s not the only place for tired eyes. If your eyes reallyhurt, find the area under your twosmallest toes … t here by your twosmallest toes. Man: Uhhuh.Woman: It looks something like the letter “U.” Massage that U. It will help whenyou feel really bad pain in your eyes. Man: What else?Woman: Well, now move down your foot on the outside. Find the widest partof yo ur foot on the outside, there’san area related to your shoulders.Massage itfirmly — not so hard that it hurts, but you shouldbe firm.This will help the muscles in yourshoulders.Man: Like stiff shoulders, that kind of thing?Woman: Right. Now let’s loo k at the other side of your foot. On the inside ofyour foot, put your fingers near thetop — on the inside, just under thebig toe. Slowlyand firmly, rub from the top all the way to yourheel… to the end of your foot. This area will healyour back. If you havebackaches, rub this long,narrow area several times a day.Man: The whole inside edge helps the back?Woman: That’s right. How’s your stomach? Do you get stomachaches?Man: Not very often … well, sometimes, if I eat too much. Woman: Find the area in the center of your foot. It goes from the inside edge ofyour foot almost all the way tothe other side. It’s almost like a smallegg.Massage it firmly. It can help your stomach. Man: Here, in the middle?Woman: Right. You can work on your knees, too. If you have sore knees, moveyour hand to the bottom,outside edge of your foot, the sole of yourfoot, bythe heel. Rub firmly.Man: You know, this is kind of interesting. But actually, you know what hurtsthe most? My feet. I get blisters* a lot. Woman: Blisters? Maybe you need bigger shoes.KeyPart 3 PassageEating CultureScriptB.Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to eachofthe questions you will hear.Don’t Americans know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries andpizza can lead to overweight?Almost 80 percent know that high fat intake maylead to health problems, 86 percent are aware that cholesterol* can mean trouble,and 88 percent know that sodium* may have negative effects on health.This leaves obesity* researchers struggling with the questions of why we eat alot of fat when we know it makes us fat. What’s more, overweight is on the rise,even as popular culture continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracingfashion models as standards of female beauty.A couple of different societal forces are pushing Americans toward overweight,even though we value slenderness. First, broad changes have conspired* to makemany adults feel stressed at home and work, from corporate downsizing to beinga single parent. They eat as a form of release. People are eating mo re because it’s aform of gratification.Second, Americans live in the only country in the world where pieeatingcontests are oldfashioned fun, and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness areprimarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes moreimportant with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’tnecessarily buy into the slimisbetter philosophy.If there is greater acceptance of overweight among black women, it’s unclearwhether it promotes their higherthanaverage rates of overweight or results fromthem. One thing is certain: this high prevalence of overweight among blacks isnot genetic. Obesity is not an issue for blacks native to Africa. The low householdincomes of many blacks living in the U.S. may play a major role in their highlevelsof overweight. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield the greatest amountof energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Questions:1. How many Americans know that sodium may do harm to their health?2. What worries obesity researchers most?3. What happens to the Americans as popular culture prefers slimness?4. What have made many adults live under the pressure?5. Why do people eat more?6. What do white Americans consider slenderness?7. Which group of people do not believe in the slimisbetter philosophy?8. Which of the following is certain about the cause forhigh obesity rate amongblack Americans?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.KeyA. Experts agree the key to healthy eating is the timetestedadvice of balance,variety and moderation. In short, thatmeans eating a wide variety of foodswithout getting too many calories or too much of any one nutrient. Here are sometips that can help you:●Eat a variety of nutrientrich foods.●Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.●Maintain a healthy weight.●Eat moderate portions.●Eat regular meals.●Reduce but not eliminate certain foods.●Balance your food choices over time.●Know your diet pitfalls.B. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. CC.1. They know that eating immoderate quantities of Frenchfries and pizza canlead to overweight.2. People are eating more under stress because it’s a form of gratification.3.Americans live in the only country in the world wherepieeating contests areoldfashioned fun, andallyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.4. It is not genetic.5. Because they are poor and have to learn to eat foodsthat yield the greatestamount of energy for the lowestcost —that’s fat.D. 1. Overweight is on the rise, even as popular culturecontinues to celebrateslimness, to the point ofembracing fashion models as standardsof femalebeauty.2. Americans live in the only country in the world wherepieeating contests areoldfashioned fun, andallyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.3. Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards ofslenderness areprimarily embraced by whiteAmericans, to whom slimness becomesmoreimportant with increasing income. Yet blacks,particularly blackwomen, don’t necessarily buy intothe slimisbetter philosophy.4. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods that yield thegreatest amount ofenergy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Part 4 NewsNews item 1Over60s to Double by 2050ScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether thefollowingstatements are true (T) or false (F). Then give abrief summary aboutthe news item.The World Health Organization says society worldwide will experience majorchanges, with 20 percent of the population older than 60. The report urgesgovernments to have policies that permit older people to participate more insociety.In , there were 50 million older adults in the Americas. That number isexpected to double by 2025. By the year 2050, 1in4 people in the Americas willbe over 60. Globally, 1in5 people will be over 60.The WHO report says that older people make many important contributions tofamilies and communities. It suggests that these contributions are greater than thecosts of providing elders with more health services.The report says societies need to adjust to an aging population. Communitiesneed to become friendlier to older people. This means improving security for theelders and preventing social isolation* and loneliness.Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide morelongterm care for conditions common in older age.Governments also need to develop longterm caresystems that ensure peoplelive their later years with dignity*.The report says that especially women — whooften are the main caregivers for older family members —need more support andresources.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the followingsentences.KeyA.F 1. According to the WHO, 30 percent of the worldpopulation will get olderthan 60.T 2. By the year 2025, older adults in the Americas are expected to be 100million.F 3. The contributions that the elders make to familiesand communities arealmost the same as thecosts of their health services..T 4. Communities need to better serve older people, be friendlier to them andpermit them to participatemore in society.T 5. Women who are the main caregivers for elder family members should getmore support.This news item is about the necessity of having longtermcare systems for thegrowing ageing populationworldwide.B. 1. Communities need to improve security for the eldersand prevent socialisolation and loneliness.2. Governments should develop longterm care systemsto ensure peoplelive their later years with dignity.C. Health systems need to better serve older people. Systemsneed toprovide more longterm care for conditions common in older age.News item 2What Is “Social Jet Lag”?ScriptA. Listen to the news item and complete the followingoutline.Then give a brief summary about the news item.Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fall asleep at work? Doyou sometimes just feel out of it — as if your brain is still asleep, even though yourbody is awake?If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, you might be sufferi ng fromwhat researchers call “social jet lag*.”And help might come from simply changingyour work hours.Till Roenneberg is a German chronobiologist. “Chrono”comes from the Greekroot word “chronos” and means “time.” So, a chronobiologist is a scientist th atstudies the states of being awake and being asleep.Till Roenneberg led researchers in a study atLudwigMaximilian University inMunich, Germany. They studied “social jet lag” among workers at a steel companyin Europe.Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleepinghabits. Supervisors did not force the socalled “night owls,” people who like to stayawake at night, to get up early for work. On the other hand, supervisors also didnot force early risers, sometimes called “larks,” to w ork late.Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their senseof wellbeing, says Mr.Roenneberg.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. A Study on “Social Jet Lag”The institution: LudwigMaximilian University in Munich, GermanyLeading researcher: Till RoennebergSubject of the research: Workers at a steel company in EuropeMethod: Factory workers were given work times thatmatched their naturalsleeping habits.Finding: Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved theirsense of wellbeing. This news item is about a way that could cure “social jet lag” —changing workschedule.B.1. “Social jet lag” is a feeling that a person usually haswhen he finds his bodyis awake and his brain isasleep. Therefore he will say he feels outof it.2. A person who likes to stay up late is called a “nightowl”, while a personwho gets up early is called an earlyriser, or a “lark”.C. Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fallasleep at work? Do you sometimes just feel out of it — as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake? Section Three Oral WorkRetellingHollywood Totem PoleScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words.You willhear the story only once. You can write down some key words andphrases.Screenwriters, as Tom Schulman quickly learned, havelong been the lowestmembers on the Hollywood totem* pole.“If I had any inclination to get a big head, the Oscars cured that,” he once recalled.“The presenter who gave me the award [for Dead Poets Society] was Jane Fonda. Shehad recently been in the news because she had started dating Ted Turner.Anyway, she handed me the Oscar and I made my little speech and we wenttogether into the pressroom where there was a small stage in front of bleachers*filled with about 60 press members, who were supposed to ask the winner questions.Jane and I took the stage and she said, “I’d like to introduce you to Tom Schulman,who’s just won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Do you have any questions?”There was a barrage* of questions. “Jane, what’s it like with Ted? Are you gettingmarried?” etc. And she said, “Come on, this isn’t my night, it’s Tom’s night. Pleasedirect your questions to him.”So there’s a little pause and somebody says, “Tom,what’s it like getting an Oscar from Jane? What’s your thought —you think she’llmarry Ted?”. Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageCancerScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer toeach ofthe questions you will hear.Cancer is the general name for a large group of diseases. It occurs when cells inthe body grow and divide out of control.Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Layers of cells form tissues. Normalcells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. This process helps keep our bodieshealthy.Cancer cells grow and divide too quickly. The process usually starts whensomething damages the genetic structure (DNA*) inside the cells. Instead of dyingin an orderly way, cancer cells keep growing, lump together* and form an extramass of tissues. This mass is called a malignant* tumor.As a malignant tumorgrows, it damages nearby tissue. A malignant tumor can take a long time (up to 30years) or a short time (2 or 3 years) to cause symptoms.Cancer can begin in one part of the body and spread to others. This is calledmetastasis*. During metastasis, cancer cells travel through the body. In the newlocation, cancer cellscreate a new malignant tumor and grow out of control.Not all tumors are malignant. Some are benign, which means they aren’tcancerous. Benign tumors usually aren’t life threatening. They can usually beremoved and rarely come back.We’re not exactly sure what causes cancer. We don’t always know why oneperson gets it and another doesn’t. However, we do know a lot about the riskfactors for cancer. The more we know about the risk factors, the more we can doto protect ourselves.Risk is a person’s chance of getting a disease over a certain period of time. Aperson’s risk factors make up a person’s risk.A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance of getting adisease. You can control some of them, but not all of them. Risk factors for cancerinclude:● A lifestyle choice, like what a person eats;●An environmental exposure, like smoke from otherpeople’s cigarettes;●Genetic makeup or family history;●Another disease or medical problem.These things mix together with different effects ondifferent people. Somepeople are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just because you have oneor even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer. Andavoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy.Questions:1. What are our bodies made up of?2. When does the process of cancer cells growing and dividing start?3. What do cancer cells form instead of dying in an orderly way?4. How long can a malignant tumor take to cause symptoms?5. Where can cancer start at the beginning?6. What do cancer cells do during metastasis?7. How many risk factors for cancer do we know?8. What do risk factors mean to those people who have one or several riskfactors?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA.1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. CB. 1. Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow and divideout of control.2. The process of normal cells helps keep our bodieshealthy.3. No, not all tumors are malignant. Benign tumors canusually be removed andrarely come back.4. A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers aperson’s chance of getting adisease.5. Some people are more sensitive to risk factors thanothers. Just because youhave one or even several riskfactors does not mean you will definitely getcancer.And avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you willbe healthy.Part 2 VideoStudents Invent Water Purification DiscScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The lab operates like a kitchen. They add this ingredient and that, mixing,weighing, pressing and baking.What’s created is called a Ma diDrop — a ceramic* disc infused* with silver.When dropped in water, silver ions are released topurify the water. And, testinghere at the University of Virginia shows clean, safe water. Beeta Ehdaie is a doctoralcandidate at UVA.“It’s not just about mak ing a really great technology that effectively removes or killsbacteria and pathogens*. It’s about making a low cost, simple to use one, tailored* topeople in developing countries who don’t have many resources.”The students are experimenting with various shapes of MadiDrops to correspondwith different sizes of water storage containers. So why did they name them“MadiDrops”?The word “madi” means “water” in Tshivenda, a language of Limpopo Provincein South Africa. Here fifty women run a water filter* factory, set up by the universitylast summer.The women mix sawdust* and clay and make flower pot shaped filters. The waterflows through the filters to trap bacteria and solid particles to purify it. The factorysells the filters to local families. Manager Certinah Khashane says the work haschanged the women’s lives.“When they get money for those pots, they just buy school uniforms for theirchildren.”。