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美国文学期末考试卷 山西财经大学

美国文学期末考试卷 山西财经大学
美国文学期末考试卷 山西财经大学

美国文学期末考试还原版:

一、填空题

1. 马克吐温的那部作品被马克吐温称作美国文学所有文明起源的巨作?

The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, 1884(哈克贝里·费恩历险记)

2. 超验主义的代表作家是谁?

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

3. 17世纪到18世纪作者受社会那种价值观影响较大?

Romantic value

4. 本杰明·富兰克林出版的收集各类名言、语录的年鉴全书(Annual collection proverbs)是?

Poor Richard’s Almanac

5. 19世纪中后期对自然主义影响最大的著作是?

Darwin’s ‘The origin of species’. (1895 published)

6. 首次运用自然主义手法的作家是?

Stephen Crane(1871-1900)

7. 艾米莉狄金森的作品中标题的特点是什么?

No title. Use the first line as title of her poem.

8. 亨利·詹姆斯的作品主题关注点在哪?

International theme

9. 浪漫主义向现实主义过渡的标志事件是什么?

Civil War

10. 谁被称作是美国国民文学之父?

Mark Twain

二、选择题

1. 对自然主义影响最大的作家是?Darwin

2. 著作黛西米勒中故事的叙事者是谁?Fredrick Winterbourne

3.罗伯特弗罗斯特的十四行诗是取用哪个地区农民的口吻以及方言?New England (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut States)

4. 剧作家尤金的两部表现主义剧作《毛猿》、《琼斯皇帝》主要表现了人类处于的哪种环境之下?Helpless situation

5. 埃兹拉庞德的诗“在地铁车站”主要运用了什么修辞手法?Metaphor

6. 罗伯特弗罗斯特的诗“雪夜林边驻脚”诗歌两行背诵?(全诗背诵)

Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village, though.

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near,

Between the woods and frozen lake

The darkest evening of the year.

He gave the harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound's the sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep

7. 不属于罗伯特弗罗斯特诗歌的特点是什么?(关注自然、关注生活、运用象征手法、诗歌饱含深意等)Not a Free Verse

8. 收录埃兹拉庞德100多部诗歌、被称作是现代史诗巨作的诗集是什么?Cantos (1925-1970)《诗章》

9. 霍桑著作《红字》中红字A代表什么?Adultery、Angel and Able.

10. 沃尔特惠特曼的著作草叶集(Leaves of Grass)中主要表现的主题是什么?Individualism、freedom and democracy.

三、名词解释

1. American Romanism:

Time:

1800-1865

Writer list:

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

Figure of speech:

Allusion/Apostrophe/Simile/Alliteration/Symbolism (To Helen by Edgar Allan Poe) Themes: (love and nature)

Unlike the eighteenth-century writers, who emphasized reason, logic, and scientific observation, the Romantics stressed the examination of inner feelings and emotions and the use of the imagination. The Romantic Movement was also characterized by an interest in nature and the supernatural, a strong belief in democracy, and a deep awareness of the past.

2. Transcendentalism:

Transcendentalism was an intellectual movement that directly or indirectly affected most of the writers of the New England Renaissance. The Transcendentalists, led by Ralph Waldo Emerson, believed that human senses can know only physical reality. The fundamental truths of being and the universe lie outside the reach of the senses and can be grasped only through intuition. As a result, in their quest for understanding, the Transcendentalists focused their attention on the human spirit. The transcendentalists were also interested in the natural world and its relationship to humanity. They felt that if they explored nature thoroughly, they would come to know themselves and the universal truths better. Through this exploration, they discovered that the human spirit is reflected in nature. This led them to the conclusion that formed the heart of their beliefs: all forms of being—God, nature, and humanity—are spiritually united through a shared universal soul, or Over-Soul.

3. Free Verse:

Free verse has irregular meter and line length. Though free verse lacks regular meter, it does not lack rhythm. Free verse is structured to recreate the rising and falling cadences of natural speech, with the lengths of lines being varied according to intended emphasis. Although free verse had first been used centuries earlier in the Psalms of the Bible, Whitman was the first American poet to use it. For Whitman, who valued freedom and individuality, free verse proved to be the most appropriate form, because it allowed him to express himself without restraint.

4. Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin:

Franklin’s Autobiography, filled with his opinions and suggestions about self-discipline and moral perfection, provides not only a record of his achievements but also an understanding of his character. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the traditional name for the unfinished record of his own life written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790. Franklin's account of his life is divided into four parts, reflecting the different periods at which he wrote them:

a. Part one of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William.

b. The second part begins with two letters Franklin received in the early 1780s while in Paris, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography.

c. The third part began in August 1788 when Franklin had returned to Philadelphia, and says he will not be able to utilize his papers, since many were lost in the recent Revolutionary War.

d. Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this part four is very brief.

四、简答题

1. 默写生命赞歌(A psalm of life)全诗:

A Psalm of Life

-----What the heart of the young man said to the psalmist

Tell me not, in mournful numbers,

Life is but an empty dream!--

For the soul is dead that slumbers,

And things are not what they seem.

Life is real! Life is earnest!

And the grave is not its goal;

Dust thou art, to dust returnest,

Was not spoken of the soul.

Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,

Is our destined end or way;

But to act, that each tomorrow

Find us farther than today.

Art is long, and Time is fleeting,

And our hearts, though stout and brave,

Still, like muffled drums, are beating

Funeral marches to the grave.

In the world's broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of Life,

Be not like dumb, driven cattle!

Be a hero in the strife!

Trust no future, however pleasant!

Let the dead Past bury its dead!

Act--act in the living present!

Heart within, and God overhead!

Lives of great men all remind us

We can make our lives sublime,

And departing, leave behind us

Footprints on the sands of time;

Footprints, that perhaps another,

Sailing over life's solemn main,

A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,

Seeing, shall take heart again.

Let us, then, be up and doing,

With a heart for any fate;

Still achieving, still pursuing,

Learn to labor and to wait.

2. 请简述与之前时代相比现代主义文学的特点(Compared with earlier writings, especially those of the 19th century, what are the characteristics of modern American writings?):

Time:

1918-1945

Writer list:

Ezra Pound (1885-1972)

Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)

William Carlos Williams (1883-1963)

Robert Frost (1874-1963)

Eugene Glastone O’Neill (1888-1953)

Form:

Shifts in perspectives, tone and voice.

Themes:

A sense of uncertainty, disjointedness, disillusionment, bewilderment and meaninglessness.

Contents:

Shifts from external to internal world, from objective to subjective, from

general/public to private, from chronological to psychological, and from sequence to stream of consciousness.

Skills:

Shifts in the point of view/a theory of ‘stream of consciousness’

Figure of speech:

Symbolism and allusion

Changes:

(a) A typical modern work will seem to begin arbitrarily, to advance without explanation, and to end without resolution.

(b) The work is no longer a record of sequence and coherence but a juxtaposition (并列、毗邻) of the past and the present, of the history and the memory.

(c)There are shifts in perspective, voice, and tone, but the biggest shift is from the external to the internal, from the public to the private from the chronological to the psychic, from the objective description to the subjective projection. (d) The traditional educated literary voice, conveying truth and culture, has lost its authority to a more detached and ironic tone.

3. 在小说《海上扁舟》中文章的第一句话“”,为什么他们所有的人都不知道天空的颜色(None of them knew the color of sky):

The survivors could not take their eyes away from the turbulent waves for a moment, for which means to let their guards down to the dangers and bring a certain death to all of them. They completely absorb in the situation, and focus their attention on fighting against nature. The sentence also increases the risky and frightened feeling they have been got through. They are busy to survive in the trouble so that they have no time to check what color of the sky might be.

4. 为什么斯蒂芬克莱因在海明威之后,仍被称作简明派文学的创始人(According to Stephen Crane’s writing, justify why the author is considered as “the founder of the terse school of Hemingway”?):

Iceberg analogy: The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain. The accents and mannerisms of human speech are so well presented that the characters are full of flesh and blood and the use of short, simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness, terseness and great care. The ruthless economy in his writing stands as a striking application of architectural maxim: Less is more.

Crane transformed the raw material of his firsthand experience as a shipwreck survivor into “The Open Boat”-the men were forced to remain for thirty hours in the boat, rowing frantically against the tide and bailing constantly to keep the craft afloat in the treacherous water, before they were able to come ashore at Daytone Beach. As a stylist, his achievements much attributed to his work as a newspaper reporter in New York City, especially his war-reporting experience in Cuba. His style is sparse, bare, imagistic, and evocative, with the accuracy of a water-color painting. Anticipating Hemingway as well as his “Iceberg Principle” and other naturalists, Crane had a keen ear for vernacular dialogue, whose taste resembles that of Mark Twain. His dialogues are full of repetitions, inconsistencies just like

actual recordings registered on the battlefield or in the Bowery slums.

5. 请简述在《黛西米勒》一文中主角、角色的习惯爱好(人物特点)、故事发生的地点以及人称视角分别是什么:

Characters:

Annie Daisy Miller

Frederick Winterbourne (narrator)

Randolph Miller

Mrs. Miller

Mrs. Costello

Mrs. Walker

Giovanelli

Place:

At the little town of Vevey, in Switzerland, a comfortable hotel.

The point of view:

The limited third person point

Characters analysis on Daisy Miller:

外国文学期末重点

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《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷)答案

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外国文学期末考试试题库

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5.T homas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.I n Washington Irving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.

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