大学英语精读第 6 册全文课文翻译第六册
RESEARCH REPORTS FOR BUSINESS AND
THECNICAL WRITING
A surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers,
and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the
ability to present research results clearly and completely,
an individual will encounter many obstacles in school and
on the job. The need for some research-writing ability is
felt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities. Graduate study often makes great demands
on the student's research-writing skills,and most professions continue the demand; education, advertising
and marketing,economics and accounting,science and engineering,psychology,anthropology,the arts,and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research
data.
ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER
The standard research report, regardless of the field or the
intended reader,contains four major sections.These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections,and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.
Problem Section. The first required section of a research
report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This section requires a precise statement of the underlying question which the researcher has set out to answer .In this same section there should be an explanation of the significance -- social,
economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc.-- of the question; in other words, why the investigation was
worth conducting.Thus,if we set out,for example,to answer the question"What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to
have significant relevance to the health of this segment of
the population and might lead to some sort of regulations
on such foods.
A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of
past research on the topic being investigated. This would
consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researcher to the question under consideration with some
商务、技术研究报告的写作
作为学生和专业人员，他们花了大量时间将
自己的研究项目的结果报告给老师，经理和委托
人。的确，一个人如果没有从事研究工作的基本
技能和将研究成果清楚而完整地表达的能力，那
么他就会在学习和工作中碰到许多障碍。科研写
作能力的需要对于在各个领域的学生都是相等的，
无论理工科学生还是商务、人文学科的学生都是
这样研究生阶段的学习对学生的科研写作提
出了很高的要求，而且大多数职业继续要求这样：
教育（学）、广告与市场营销、经济学与会计学，
理工科、心理学、人类学、艺术以及农艺可能都
要定期报告研究的信息。
研究报告的要素
标准的研究报告，不论是哪个领域或针对哪类读
者，都有四个主要部分。这些大的部分可以分成
许多小的部分，而且结构安排可以多种多样，但
是报告的核心通常由这四大部分组成的。
问题部分。研究报告的首要部分就是陈述研究项
目所涉及的问题。这一部分要求准确阐述研究者
要问答的根本问题。在这同一个部分里应该从社
会、经济，医学、心理、教育方面来解释问题的
意义：换言之，为什么值得进行这项研究。这样，
举例来说，如果我们开始回答“经常食用快餐食品
对美国青少年有什么影响？”那么我们就必须解释，此问题认为同这部分的人口有着非常密切的
关系，可能导致对此类食品作出某种规定。
问题这一部分通常有一个小部分对该课题过去的
研究民情况进行回顾。这可能包括对这个问题以
前的研究者作出的贡献进行总结以及对这些贡献
作出某种评价。这一小部分具有修辞作用，因为
它显示了所提供的资料是在对本领域所取得的成
