有关英语语法中《平行结构》问题附有习题及答案文库
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平行结构平行结构
一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构
并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than,as…as等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致
例1:He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
例2:Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致
例1:Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.
例2:We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.
例3:I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.
3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致
例1:Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
例2:He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.
4.所连接的句子结构必须一致
例1:She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.
例2:The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.
二、某些特定的固定结构。例如:
(1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如:
prefer sth to sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
1) I prefer rice to noodles.
2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.
3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.
(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如:
would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (宁可……也不……)
1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.
2) I would as soon stay at home as go.
III 部分强调句
要强调句子的某一部分,可以把句子的结构改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:It is / was … that …结构和What … is / was…结构。
一、It is / was … that …结构
1.It is / was … that …结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分
例1:It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.
例2:It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.
2.被强调的部分指人时,可用who 或whom
强调主语时,如果指的是人,可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom。例如:
1)It was the dean who walked by.
2)It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.
3被强调部分指物时,要用that
例如:It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.
4.被强调部分是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.
例1:It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.
例2:It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.
5.不能用It is / was … that 结构强调动词
强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如:
1) They did study very hard yesterday.
2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.
What … is / was …结构
二、What … is / was …结构常用来强调主语或宾语,在这种结构中,is/ was后面是强调的部分。例如:
1)What hurts is my left leg.
2)What I like is her style.
Parallel Structure
平行结构纠错
相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近,则也应以相似的形式出现。请注意以下标有"NO"的句子是不规范的。
No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.
(并列时态)
No: I don't know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.
Yes: I don't know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.
(形容词平行结构)
No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.
Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.
(不定冠词的平行结构)
No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.
Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.