, want, require要求,需要, deserve应得,值得, be worth值得,not bear经不住+doing主动表被动;Eg. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读;The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了;These young seedlings will require/need looking after =need to be looked after carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管;Your hair wants/needs cutting needs to be cut.你的头发该剪了;2. 不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义;I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情;与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间;与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭;与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系3. 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构：主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式;如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult, easy, comfortable舒适的, convenient便利的,方便的, hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动;The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答;The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做;I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐;That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写;4. 在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动;下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:Who is to blame for starting the fire这场火灾应由谁负责You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备;The house is to let. 此房出租;A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做;5. 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义;常见的有taste吃起来, sound 听起来, prove证明是, feel摸上去感到, look看起来,smell闻起来等,例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理;Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口;6. 一些与can''t或won''t连用的动词;常用的有: lock锁住, shut关上, open打开, act上演, write 写,cut砍,切,wear穿,戴等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动;例如:The door won''t open.这门打不开;It can''t move.它不能动;7. 一些动词如sell销售, wash洗, clean打扫, burn燃烧, cook煮等与副词如well好, easily容易地, perfectly十分地等连用,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词;例如:The book sells well.这种书很畅销;These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗;The pen writes well. 这笔很好写;8. 主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动; What is to do 做什么Much is to do. 太多要做的事;9. 在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义; There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干;I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意;英语和汉语一样,其动作都有主动和被动之分,汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结构；同样道理,英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构,即被动语态;英语中,除不及物动词---即后面不能加宾语的动词不能用于被动语态外,还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构：一、表示静态、容纳、适合等的及物动词;例如：She has a nice car.The woolen coat fits her well.二、宾语是动词不定式、动名词;例如：They promised me to go with me.wanted to have a try.I enjoy listening to pop music.三、宾语是反身代词;例如：She hurt herself this morning.They warned themselves to be careful.四、宾语是人身上的一部分或器官;例如：He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.I could hardly believe my ears.五、宾语是相互代词;例如：They help each other in study.We must learn from each other.六、表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语;例如：She joined the Party last year.My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.七、宾语表示行为、方式,在意义上相当于状语;例如：She did her best.We shall make up our minds.八、宾语表示数量、重量、长度、大小等,在意义上相当于状语;例如：They walked two miles.The film lasted one and a half hours.This desk weighs 10kilograms.九、系动词sound,look,become,appear等也不能用于被动语态;例如：Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.This plan sounds a good one.十、一些词,如happen,take place,occur,last,belong to等等,在汉语角度看来可用被动结构,但英语只能用主动结构;例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.This car belongs to my uncle.十一、及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组;例如：I made faces to have the baby laugh.We should never lose heart.十二、一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态,否则意义就变了;例如：I knew that I was wrong then.我认识到当时我错了;It was known that I was wrong then.＝I was known to be wrong then.人们知道当时我错了;十三、当宾语是抽象名词时;例如：We showed special interest in science.十四、当宾语为同源宾语时;例如：We lived a hard life in the old days.总之,能否用被动语态,除了应了解英语的一些语法规则之外,还要充分考虑汉语的说话习惯,掌握其普通规律,同时注意一些特殊情况,否则就会出现"中国式英语",也没法学到"地道的英语";越过"动词填空"这道关2004/01/02 10:56 英语辅导报动词填空往往让同学们一筹莫展;别着急,听万老师慢慢道来;一、"动词填空"题的命题特点何为"动词的适当形式"呢就单个行为动词来说,它涉及到动词的时态、主谓一致通常有什么样的主语形式并决定了什么样的谓语动词形式即动词的单复数形式与人称的变化、非谓语动词如doing或to do形式、常用句型和习惯表达即英语中约定俗成的表达等;它主要考查内容如下：1.动词的谓语形式：动词时态如一般现在时、现在进行时等,其中涉及到原形动词、动词的人称及数的变化,特别是"三单形式"、动词的"be＋V-ing"形式等;2.动词的非谓语形式：不定式如do／to do、V-ing等;3.动词的其他类转化形式：动词→名词如work→worker；build→build- ing、动词→形容词如worry→worried；break→broken等;二、"动词填空"题的解题秘诀"动词填空"题的解题秘诀可归纳为：首先,确定动词的考查类别：谓语形式、非谓语形式还是动词的其他类转化形式；其次,依据所考查的类别,选择动词的适当形式；最后,检查所填写的动词时态结构、非谓语形式是否正确,以及与其他词类的转化形式的拼写是否有误,是否符合题意要求等;为方便记忆,现将此解题秘诀归纳为口诀：动词填空不用愁,解题秘诀有三招：第一招,定类别；第二招,选形式；第三招,再检查;现就动词填空题举例说明：can _______findyour new bike under the big tree.parents_______beEnglish teachers.your father_______do-He's a driver.comein and _______sitdown ,please.Meimei _______havea new watch.6. _______not flythe kite like that.7."I _______bea letter and a word,but"i" _______beonly a lettle.is good at _______swim.me _______helpme,Tom .want _______havea look at your photo.Wang drives a is a good _______drive.秘诀点拨根据解题秘诀,"第一招,定类别"：由动词填空题的命题特点,可判断前7道题考查谓语动词；8题至10题考查非谓语动词；11题考查动词与其他词类的转化形式;再根据解题秘诀"第二招,选形式"：题1所要填的动词处于谓语位置,其前是情态动词can,故填原形动词find即可;题2的主语"parents"是复数形式,故谓语要填be的复数形式are;题3为一特殊疑问句,谓语动词do应借助助动词"does"来构成疑问句,故答案是does；do;题4为and连接的两个并列祈使句,故都填原形动词：Come；sit;题5主语是第三人称单数,故谓语使用"三单形式",因此答案是has;题7两个空都填is,前一句说"I"是一个字母也是个单词,故填is；后一句说"i"只是一个字母,故也填is此处的"I"不可误解为"我"而误填am;由于8题至10题考查非谓语动词,对于非谓语动词其形式的选择可从以下几方面来考虑：1考查不定式作宾语：只接不定式作宾语的常见动词或短语如want／hope／help／wish等;依据此秘诀,题目10答案为to have;2考查V-ing作宾语：go＋V-ing／do＋some／the＋V-ing属于习惯搭配;依据此秘诀,题目8答案是swim ing;3考查不定式作宾语补足语：let／make等带不定式作宾语补足语,但此时作宾语补足语的不定式须省略"to";如：Let us go to the zoo ,OK 依据此秘诀,题目9答案是help;4另外,像something／anything等复合不定代词,其后习惯接不定式或形容词作定语;11题考查与其他类词的转化：a good之后应是一个名词,根据前后语意用driverdrive→driver表示"他是一个好司机;"根据解题秘诀"第三招,再检查"：不难发现题目8正确答案应是swimming原swiming 属拼写错误;OK俗话说"曲不离口,拳不离手";再好的方法如果不运用,就只能是"纸上谈兵";咱们还是一道来看看下面的跟踪练习题吧跟踪练习;A用be的适当形式填空;parents _______ workers.2."U _______ a letter,but"You _______ a word.a doctor and my sister a nurse.B用所给动词的适当形式填空;can _______putthem over there.2. _______comein and _______havea seat.3. _______not forgetthe purse on the chair._______knowhis telephone number_______teacheryou English in your school跟踪练习参考答案：A ;is ;isB ;have 't forget ;know文/安徽巢湖万小泉；英语通初一版2003年第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行传播;when the accident----happen要填在前面的空格里应该写悬赏分：5 |解决时间：2009-2-28 21:16 |提问者：happen在这里是谓语前置,省略助动词吗急问题补充：要把happen的正确形式填在空格里最佳答案happen在这里是谓语前置这里强调事件,应用happened二、同学们在使用happen时,以下三点情况值得注意：1. happen为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态;例如,要表示"这个故事发生在去年;"不能说：The story was happened last year.但可以说：The story happened last year.2. happen为短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用;例如,要表示"这事发生一年了;"不能说：This happened for one year.但可以说：This happened one year ago.3. happen一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性;如要表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动,则不能用happen,而要用take place;例如：A sports meeting took place=was held in our school last week.上周我校举行了运动会;不能说：A sports meeting happened in our school last week.英语中有这么一部分词,主动表示被动的含义,出了sell,比如feel,this silk shirt feels so fine 这里并没有用被动语态,但是这件丝绸衬衫显然并不是感觉这个动作的发出者,其实是被人感知到fine;类似单词还有：look, sound,taste... 可见,感官动词居多在英语中,当我们强调动作的性质,而不是发出者时,常常用主动表被动;这类词的特征是后面经常只跟一个副词;这些常用动词有：clean, cook, cut, draw, feel, iron, look, sell, read, wa sh, wear, write 等．Don't get off the bus until it___D____.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stoppedDon't get off the bus until it stops.车未停稳,请勿下车;现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,巴士停好了,才能安全下车;这个空还可以填stops,那是在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来;。
