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Ensuring Privacy in Presence Awareness Systems An Automated Verification Approach

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EnsuringPrivacyinPresenceAwarenessSystems:An

AutomatedVerificationApproach

PatriceGodefroid,JamesD.Herbsleb,LalitaJategaonkarJagadeesan,DuLi

BellLabs,LucentTechnologies

263ShumanBlvd.

Naperville,IL60566

god,herbsleb,lalita@research.bell-labs.comDepartmentofComputerScience

UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles

LosAngeles,CA90024

lidu@cs.ucla.edu

ABSTRACT

Providinginformationaboutotherusersandtheiractivities

isacentralfunctionofmanycollaborativeapplications.The

datathatprovidethis"presenceawareness"areusuallyauto-

maticallygeneratedandhighlydynamic.Forexample,ser-

vicessuchasAOLInstantMessengerallowuserstoobserve

thestatusofoneanotherandtoinitiateandparticipateinchat

sessions.Assuchservicesbecomemorepowerful,privacy

andsecurityissuesregardingaccesstosensitiveuserdatabe-

comecritical.Twokeysoftwareengineeringchallengesarise

inthiscontext:

Policiesregardingaccesstodataincollaborativeapplica-

tionshavesubtlecomplexities,andmustbeeasilymodifi-

ableduringacollaboration.Usersmustbeabletohaveahighdegreeofconfidencethat

theimplementationsofthesepoliciesarecorrect.

Inthispaper,weproposeaframeworkthatusesanautomated

verificationapproachtoensurethatsuchsystemsconformto

complexpolicies.OurapproachtakesadvantageofVeriSoft,

arecenttoolforsystematicallytestingimplementationsof

concurrentsystems,andisapplicabletoawidevarietyof

specificationanddevelopmentplatformsforcollaborativeap-

plications.Weillustratethekeyfeaturesofourframework

byapplyingittothedevelopmentofapresenceawareness

system.

Keywords

Computer-supportedCooperativeWork,PresenceAwareness,

Privacy,Security,Verification,Coordination

INTRODUCTION

ManyCSCWapplicationdomainscreatespecificanddiffi-

cultsoftwareengineeringproblems.Ubiquitouscomputing,

forexample,presentsanumberofspecificissuesforthede-

velopmentoftoolkits,rapidprototyping,andintegration[1].

Newsoftwareengineeringchallengesarepresentedbytech-

nologiesdesignedtosupportdistancecollaboration,which

arebecomingincreasinglycommonandimportant.AOLIn-stantMessenger,forexample,nowclaims80millionusers

whosend750millionmessagesaday[30].Itallowsusers

tocreate"buddylists"ofpeoplewithwhomtheyfrequently

communicate.Eachtimeauserlogson,heorsheisinformed

ofeveryoneontheirbuddylistwhoisalsologgedon.The

usercantheninitiateachatwithanyofthese"buddies."The

applicationdependscriticallyonusersreceivinginformation

aboutthepresenceofothersonthesystem.

PresenceInformation

Thisabilitytoconvey"presenceawareness"israpidlybecom-

inganimportantcomponentofmanycollaborativeapplica-

tions(e.g.,[23,25]).Forexample,manycalendarprograms

supportsharing,sothatcoworkerscanseewhenothersare

busy,orevenseethecontentsofothers’calendarentries.This

detailedinformationcanbeextremelyvaluableforquicklylo-

catingcolleagues,orforreviewingagendasofongoingmeet-

ingstostayabreastofcurrentissuesanddecisions[24].

Awarenessinformationisparticularlyimportantforlarge,

globalorganizations.Ingeographicallydistributedsoftware

development,forexample,oneofthemostseriousproblems

isthetimeittakestoresolveissuesinvolvingpeopleatmore

thanonesite[14].Presenceinformationcouldgoalong

waytowardalleviatingproblemslikephonetagbyinforming

distantcolleaguesaboutwhoisactuallyavailable,andwhen.

Manykindsofdatacanbeusedbycurrentapplicationsfor

presenceawarenesspurposes,includingwhetherapersonis

loggedon(asinAOLInstantMessenger),audioandvideoof

varyingresolution(e.g.[31]),locationinformation[29],and

informationaboutcurrentenvironment(e.g.,hasthescreen

saverengaged,whatwebsiteistheusercurrentlybrowsing,

whatfileiscurrentlybeingedited).Manykindsof"presence"

dataaregeneratedautomaticallybytheuser’sactivities.Ap-

plicationswillbeabletotakeadvantageofadditionalsources

ofinformationasnetworksmovetowardconvergence,i.e.,

carryingtelephonyandvideo,aswellasdatafromnetworked

applications.Nearlyanydetectableeventcouldconceivably

findalegitimateuseinsome"presenceaware"application.

PrivacyConcerns

Fromtheusers’pointofview,thereisafundamentaltradeoff

betweenaccesstopresencedataforlegitimateuses,andcon-

cernsaboutprivacy(e.g.,[17]).PreciselytotheextentthatI

amabletoidentifywhatyouaredoing,Icancommunicatewithyouwhentheneedarises,makemycommunications

moretimelyandconvenientforyou,andgenerallybeamore

effectivecolleague.Thisisthesortofinformation,however,

thatuserswouldgenerallynotliketoprovidetostrangers,nor

perhapstomanagers,ortocompetitors.Moreover,thedata

arelargelygeneratedautomaticallyandpotentiallyquitefre-

quently,souserscannotbeexpectedtomonitorallpresence

eventsinordertoensureappropriatelevelsofprivacy.

Therearesimilarissues,ofcourse,inmanagingaccesspriv-

ilegesmoregenerally,forexampleinafilesystem.While

implementationsvaryconsiderably,agoodsolutioniscon-

ceptuallyquitesimple.Eachuserhascontrolovertheirown

data,andtheabilitytodeterminewhat,ifanything,isavail-

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sn号校验流程

sn号校验流程

sn号校验流程

英文文档内容：

The SN (Serial Number) Verification Process

The serial number (SN) verification process is a crucial step in

ensuring the authenticity and integrity of products.It involves checking

the serial number against a database or list of valid serial numbers to

confirm that it is genuine and has not been reported as stolen or

counterfeit.

Here is a general overview of the SN verification process:

1.Retrieval of the serial number: The first step in the process is to

obtain the serial number of the product.This can be done through various

means, such as checking the product packaging, labels, or the product

itself.

2.Accessing the database: Once the serial number is obtained, the

next step is to access a database or list of valid serial numbers.This

database can be maintained by the manufacturer, a third-party service

外文翻译-可视化的PLC程序使用XML

外文翻译-可视化的PLC程序使用XML

1 Visualization of PLC Programs using XML

M. Bani Younis and G. Frey

Juniorprofessorship Agentenbased Automation

University of Kaiserslautem

P. 0. Box 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautem, Germany

Abstract - Due to the growing complexity of PLC programs there is an increasing interest in

the application of formal methods in this area. Formal methods allow rigid proving of system

properties in verification and validation. One way to apply formal methods is to utilize a formal

design approach in PLC programming. However, for existing software that has to be optimized,

changed, or ported to new systems .There is the need for an approach that can start from a given

PLC program. Therefore, formalization of PLC programs is a topic of current research. The paper

outlines a re-engineering approach based on the formalization of PLC programs. The

we ran into an issue while authenticating

we ran into an issue while authenticating

We ran into an issue while authenticating

Introduction

Authentication is a crucial process in computer systems that is used to

verify the identity of a user, device, or system. It ensures that only

authorized individuals or entities can access protected resources.

However, during the authentication process, issues can arise that

prevent successful verification. In this article, we will explore the

common issues encountered while authenticating and discuss potential

solutions to overcome them.

Common Issues in Authenticating

1. Incorrect Credentials

One of the most common issues while authenticating is entering incorrect

credentials. Users may mistype their username or password, leading to

failed authentication. Additionally, expired or forgotten passwords can

also result in authentication failures.

To tackle this issue, system administrators should emphasize the

原文

原文

Visualization of PLC Programs using XML

M.Bani Younis andG.Frey

Juniorprofessorship Agentenbased Automation

University of Kaiserslautem

P. 0. Box 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautem, Germany

Abstract- Due to the growing complexity of PLC programs there is anincreasing interest in the application of formal methods in this area. Formal

methods allow rigid proving of system properties in verification and

validation. One way to apply formal methods is to utilize a formal design

approach in PLC programming. However, for existing software that has to

be optimized, changed, or ported to new systems .There is the need foran approach that can start from a given PLC program. Therefore,

formalization of PLC programs is a topic of current research. The paper

outlines a re-engineering approach based on the formalization of PLC

programs. The transformation into a vendor independent format and the