简明英国文学史 简答题 重点

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（⽂艺复兴与莎⼠⽐亚英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学）【圣才出品】第3章英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学1.How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key:The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning1558-1603),who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics.It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state.In 1588the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over theworld,including America and other distant countries.They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2.What does the word“Renaissance”mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period? Key:Renaissance is a French word,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,and in this particular context,it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England,at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the15th and16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science.They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began inthe14th century in Italy and later spread to France,Spain,Holland and other western European countries.This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3.Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key:Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)was the most prominent humanist of this period,and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession.He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp,who has seen a place called Utopia,or“Land of Nowhere”,where communism is adopted as the social system,education is offered to all people,including women,and religious differences are tolerated.It presents More’s ideal of the best possible government form.And since then the word“Utopia”has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key:Spenser’s major literary work is The Faerie Queene.(1)It is an allegorical romance in verse.According to his plan,there should be 12books,each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen,Gloria,who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2)According to his contemporary thought,the virtuous man knows how togovern himself,and thus is qualified to govern others.(3)In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4)But Spenser only managed to finish six books,in which the six virtues of Truth,Temperance,Friendship,Justice,Chastity,and Courtesy are presented./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html more writers(poets and playwrights)of this period and tell what you know about them.Key:(List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6.What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key:Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works,which have become great wealth of human being.7.Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare?Discuss one of his plays. Key:Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus,written in blank verse,is Marlowe’s masterpiece.The story is taken from a medieval German legend,but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’pursuits.Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge(theology,philosophy,medicine and law),he turns to magic to seek the supernatural.Finally he succeeds in raisingMephistophilis,the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him,by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court,marrying Helen of Greece,and so on.And in exchange for all these services done for him,he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil.He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis.But,he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power,as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction,his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8.What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution?And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key:“Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare.(1)Jonson’s theory of“humours”reduces his characters to types,who represent greed,vanity,falsehood,etc.They are flat,one-sided and have no development.Unlike him,Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations.(2)Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters,strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic,while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience,and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by hispredecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.However,Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare,and as a good playwright and a learned man himself,he also admired his rival.。

第3章英国文艺复兴时期文学1. How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key: The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning 1558-1603), who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state. In 1588 the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over the world, including America and other distant countries. They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2. What does the word “Renaissance” mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period?Key: Renaissance is a French wor d, meaning “rebirth” or “revival”, and in this particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England, at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science. Theyfollowed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries. This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3. Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key: Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was the most prominent humanist of this period, and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession. He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia, or “Land of Nowhere”, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. It presents Mo re’s ideal of the best possible government form. And since then the word “Utopia” has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach.4. Name Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key: Spenser’s major litera ry work is The Faerie Queene.(1) It is an allegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2) According to his contemporary thought, the virtuous man knows how to govern himself, and thus is qualified to govern others.(3) In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4) But Spenser only managed to finish six books, in which the six virtues of Truth, Temperance, Friendship, Justice, Chastity, and Courtesy are presented.5. Name more writers (poets and playwrights) of this period and tell what you know about them.Key: (List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6. What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key: Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works, which have become great wealth of human being.7. Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays. Key: Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, written in blank verse, is Marlowe’s masterpiece. The story is taken from a medieval German legend, but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’ pursuits. Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge (theology, philosophy, medicine and law), heturns to magic to seek the supernatural. Finally he succeeds in raising Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him, by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court, marrying Helen of Greece, and so on. And in exchange for all these services done for him, he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil. He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis. But, he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power, as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority. Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction, his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8. What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key: “Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare. (1) Jonson’s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types, who represent greed, vanity, falsehood, etc. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. (2) Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of theaudience, and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by his predecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature. However, Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare, and as a good playwright and a learned man himself, he also admired his rival.。

英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI。

Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫：the national epic of the Anglo—SaxonsEpic： long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated。

e。

g。

Homer's Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features：ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration： a rhetorical device， meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement： expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340（?)~1400（首创“双韵体"，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父"。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》.)The father of English poetry。

第15章维多利亚时期小说家1.Choose to discuss one of Dickens’novels.Key:A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels,this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale.This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters.It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette.Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison,Dickens’strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous episode of the marquis’carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child.Without even stopping,he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead,leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.Although Dickens’sympathy is with the down-trodden French people,his attitude toward French Revolution is critical.In the novel,he depicts therevolutionary people of Paris as mobs who,guided by hatred,persecute and kill many people indiscriminately.They are described as mad with their intense desire of revenge.Madam Defarge is shown to sit in their inn knitting all day before the revolution.What she knits into the shawl is the names of those who will be sent to the guillotine as soon as they rise up to power.In the end,when trying to kill Darnay’s wife Lucie and their child,this mad woman is shot to death by Lucie’s old nurse in a very comic way.Dickens is not at all alone in abhorring the terror of the mobs after the French Revolution.Some critics criticise him for vilifying revolutionary masses as mad avengers like Madam Defarge.But we can defend him with his equal exposure and criticism in the novel of the cruelty of the French aristocracy.Dickens is, therefore,fully shown as a humanitarian writer advocating moderate reforms to better the society.2.Analyse Vanity Fair to show Thackeray’s thematic emphasis and novelistic style. Key:The sub-title of the book,“A Novel Without a Hero”emphasizes the fact that the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals,but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.In Vanity Fair,Thackeray has produced a gallery of characters from different strata of the English bourgeois and aristocratic circles.Except for Amelia and Dobbin,all the others are negative in one way or another with Rebecca Sharp topping all in her unscrupulous maneuvers and greed.She has become a classicimage in English literature as well as in life to represent that category of people. However,she is also a victim of that vanity-fair kind of social life.Although his depiction of the positive character Amelia is comparatively weaker,Thackeray’s satirical power and depth in this masterpiece are universally acknowledged not only in his contemporary time,but for always.3.Discuss the romantic elements in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights.Key:In Jane Eyre,the story is romantic in nature with realistic reflections of Victorian values and social problems.In recent years,critics are paying more attention to its natural images and fairy-tale sub-structures and its references to the Bible and other literary works,which is the element of inter-textuality shown in it.For instance,Jane’s marriage to Rochester,a wealthy man from a higher class,is suggestive of the fairy tale Cinderella.Starting from Jane’s Thornfield life till the end,the novel turns from realistic exposure of the Victorian society to a romantic love affair in an almost secluded country place where strong passion, hidden secret and even Gothic settings and unexpected turns of events replace the cruel but sober reality of life in the first part.Wuthering Heights tells a story of class persecution and revenge.Love in the novel is tragic,morbid and devastating.However,in some critics’mind, Wuthering Heights resembles one of the Gothic romances of the latter part of the 18th century,with its atmosphere of horror on the lonely moor remote from the outside world,and its melodramatic effects and fantastic motifs.ment on George Eliot and her novel Middlemarch.Key:George Eliot was a talented and diligent writer.She was plain,worked hard for accomplishment to win love from her family and friends.She was brave enough to pursue her true love with a married man.She had her own selfhood. Middlemarch is regarded as Eliot’s masterpiece.It is a multi-dimensioned presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch.There are two main plot lines:one with Dorothea Brooke’s growth,her marriage and remarriage as its central story,and the other with Doctor Lydgate’s pursuit of his professional ambition and the shattering of his dreams by his wrong marriage and the small town politics.Dorothea is Eliot’s portrait of an honest and courageous woman,who is always sincere and sympathetic toward others and has a strong sense of duty where family,friends and society are concerned.Although she is too idealistic and simple at the start,and makes quite a number of mistakes in her judgment and choice of life,her noble heart and character strength guarantee that she takes lessons from her mistakes and goes on courageously to face life.Eliot describes her musical voice,which shows her as possessing feelings and passions, but at first she is blind to her own nature and obsessed entirely with her intellectual pursuit.But in her second marriage she is able to correct her own mistake.In choosing Ladislaw,an easygoing artist who does not pretend to be authority in any field,she lets her feelings take control.She is Eliot’s ideal ofwhat we should be,that is,a person with all the basic good qualities who develops and matures through life and whose noble and benevolent heart brings good to the community.。

第7章德莱顿与班扬1.Choose either Absalom and Achitophel or Mac Flecknoe and analyse it to show Dryden’s satirical power.Key:Mac Flecknoe is a parody of the heroic epic poem,a satire on Thomas Shadwell(c.1642-1692)who had had a number of different political,religious and literary views from Dryden’s and had openly criticised Dryden’s drama pieces as an abuse to the tradition handed down by Ben Jonson.The two were not on good terms for years.In this poem Dryden makes use of Richard Flecknoe(?-1678),an Irish poet and dramatist whom Dryden despised as dull and unaccomplished.The title “Mac Flecknoe”means“son of Flecknoe”,and the poem describes the coronation ceremony of Shadwell to succeed to the throne of his father Flecknoe to be the poorest and most dull poet of all times.The coronation parade passes through a very small area,which is to be the scope of the kingdom of Mac Flecknoe and all the guests attending the ceremony are cheating publishers and swindlers.Twelve owls fly overhead,which is a mock parody of the earliest Roman rulers who had12hawks to guide them to the site where they built up Rome. After the parade comes to an end,Flecknoe speaks to praise his small reign, boasts of his power,and wishes his son to do better than he.2.Why is Dryden called“Father of English Literary Criticism”?What are hisliterary views presented in Of Dramatick Poesie?Key:Dryden shows a certain preference for the English drama and a patriotic enthusiasm in defending the innovative achievements of English playwrights.He has shown foresight and good taste in his evaluation.Therefore,he is called “Father of English Literary Criticism”by Samuel Johnson.Of Dramatick Poesie(1668)is written in dialogues.On the day when celebrating the defeat of the Dutch on the sea by the English navy,four poets sailed on the Thames and discussed the comparative merits of English and French drama,as well as the merits of the old and new English drama.At first Dryden lets the characters emphasize the importance of following the Neoclassical model of French dramatists.But soon Neander,one charecter shows his partiality toward English drama,praising Shakespeare,Ben Jonson and some other English playwrights,and defends Dryden’s own heroic plays in which he adopts rhymed verse and mixing tragedy with comedy.He approves the breaking up of the ancient rules of three unities,and in this way he actually negates the principles held up by the French Neoclassicists.3.What kind of a writer is John Bunyan?Key:John Bunyan was born in a pious Puritan family.He received a little education at the local primary school.In1644his father died and his mother remarried not long afterward.Left by himself,he joined the Parliamentary Army at16to fight for the Puritan cause.Upon returning home,Bunyan took up thebusiness of a tinker and spent a lot of time reading the Bible.In1648,Bunyan married.His wife brought him two books:Plain Man’s Pathway to Heaven and Practice of Piety.They,together with the Bible and the Prayer Book formed the source of Bunyan’s learning and thought.Bunyan was a staunch Puritan.He fought resolutely for his belief and his Christian ideals,in which there was a strong humanistic spirit besides the religious doctrines.In the character Christian in The Pilgrim’s Progress,Bunyan praises the optimistic fighting spirit and the unyielding attitude in one’s pursuit of high goals.4.Discuss as well as you can The Pilgrim’s Progress.Key:Bunyan’s immortal work The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory.It tells a believer’s journey,or rather spiritual journey from this world to Heaven. One day,the writer falls asleep in the open and he has a dream.In the dream he sees a man named Christian standing in the field.There is a heavy bag(his sin)on his back and he is reading a book(the Bible),in which he learns that soon great disasters will befall the city he is living in.The city is called the City of Destruction (the Earth).He appeals to Heaven as to what he should do.At this time an evangelist comes and tells him to leave his home and embark on a journey to the Celestial City(Heaven).Christian goes home and tries to persuade his family members and neighbors to leave with him,but fails.He goes on this journey alone.On the way to the Celestial City,Christian meets with lots of difficulties anddangers.Finally,they see a high hill and angels are waiting for them at the gate of Heaven.Bunyan lived in a very turbulent era.Through Christian’s experiences and mental struggles,Bunyan discusses everyday problems and concerns of his contemporaries in simple and eloquent prose.This explains the extreme popularity it has since enjoyed.In the character Christian,Bunyan praises the optimistic fighting spirit and the unyielding attitude in one’s pursuit of high goals.It is not strange that The Pilgrim’s Progress became a book owned by almost every family in England for two following centuries,a record perhaps only next to the Bible itself.Quiz:I.Choose one correct answer from the four offers given after each of the following sentences or questions:(15%)1.Who was the leader of the Puritan Revolution of England?A.John LilburneB.Oliver CromwelltonD.Charles IIKey:B2.Who was executed as the enemy of the English people after the victory of theBourgeois Revolution?A.James IIB.Queen ElizabethC.Charles IID.Charles IKey:D3.The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_____.A.1660B.1688C.1642D.1649Key:B4.The Bible was translated under the reign of_____and published in_____.A.King James I,1611B.King Charles I,1625C.King James II,1688D.King Charles II,1660Key:A5.In the early17th century there was a group of court poets represented by JohnSuckling,Robert Herrick,etc.who were called_____.A.metaphysical poetsB.cavalier poetsC.satirical poetsD.lyrical poetsKey:Bton’s poem Lycidas is a(n)_____and his Paradise Lost is writ in_____.A.epic,heroic coupletB.pastoral poem,sonnetC.lyrical poem,rhymed verseD.elegy,blank verseKey:D7.Metaphysical poets are noted for their use of_____.A.blank verseB.conceitsC.alliterationD.typographyKey:B8.In the Restoration Period,drama revived mainly because_____.。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
【原创实用版】
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象
4.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的价值和意义
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款针对英国文学史的复习资料，其目的是帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

这款笔记的内容非常丰富，不仅梳理了英国文学史的脉络，还总结了各个时期的重要作家、作品和文学现象。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这款笔记按照英国文学史的时期划分，从古英语时期到现代英国文学，系统地介绍了英国文学史的发展历程。

每个时期都有详细的作家介绍、作品分析和文学现象解读，让学生对英国文学史有一个全面而系统的认识。

其次，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记总结了各个时期的重要作家和作品，方便学生查阅和记忆。

每个作家的作品都有详细的简介和分析，让学生能够深入理解作品的主题、形式和艺术特色。

再次，这款笔记还提供了大量的课后习题和答案，帮助学生巩固所学知识点。

每个章节都有对应的复习笔记和课后习题，让学生在复习过程中能够及时检测自己的学习效果，找出自己的薄弱环节进行针对性地加强。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象主要是英语专业的本科生和研究生，以及准备英国文学史相关考试的学生。

这款笔记的内容详实，
既适合初学者入门学习，也适合有一定基础的学生进行深入研究和复习。

总之，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款非常有价值的英国文学史学习资料。

它不仅内容丰富，而且条理清晰，能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the blanks1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. _____ is generally considered to be Chauce r’s masterpiece.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。

3. John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work _____ written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

4. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Bront?小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。

5. Pip is a character in _____.【答案】Great Expectations【解析】Pip是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》中的主角。

英美文学选读简答题和话题讨论一、简答题1. 简述《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的人物形象及其性格特点。

2. 分析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的人物形象及其象征意义。

3. 简述《简·爱》中简·爱的人物形象及其成长历程。

4. 分析《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的人物形象及其复仇心理。

5. 简述《了不起的盖茨比》中绿色灯光的象征意义。

二、话题讨论1. 《哈姆雷特》中的复仇主题：讨论哈姆雷特的复仇行为是否合理，以及复仇对个人和社会的影响。

2. 《了不起的盖茨比》中的美国梦：分析盖茨比追求的美国梦的内涵及其破灭的原因，探讨美国梦的实质。

3. 《简·爱》中的女性独立：讨论简·爱如何通过自身努力实现独立，以及女性独立在现代社会的重要性。

4. 《呼啸山庄》中的爱与恨：分析希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳之间的爱与恨，探讨爱与恨对个人命运的影响。

5. 英美文学中的道德观念：比较《哈姆雷特》、《了不起的盖茨比》、《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》中的道德观念，探讨这些作品对现代社会的启示。

二、话题讨论（续）6. 《哈姆雷特》中的戏剧冲突：分析哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯之间的戏剧冲突，探讨冲突对人物命运的影响。

7. 《了不起的盖茨比》中的社会阶层：讨论盖茨比与黛西之间的社会阶层差异，探讨社会阶层对个人命运的影响。

8. 《简·爱》中的教育与自我认知：分析简·爱在教育过程中的自我认知变化，探讨教育对个人成长的重要性。

9. 《呼啸山庄》中的家庭关系：讨论希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的家庭关系，探讨家庭关系对个人心理的影响。

10. 英美文学中的爱情观念：比较《哈姆雷特》、《了不起的盖茨比》、《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》中的爱情观念，探讨这些作品对现代爱情的启示。

三、案例分析1. 分析《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的“延宕”行为，探讨其心理动机及对剧情发展的影响。

2. 分析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的性格缺陷，探讨其悲剧命运的成因。

Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Oliver Twist雾都孤儿Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世Little Dorrit小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities双城记Great Expectations远大前程Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友The Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔Dombey and Son董贝父子A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌Dickens：①His novels offer a most complete and realist picture of the English bourgeoissociety of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation and criticize the vices of capitalist society.②Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of hisclass. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes.He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society.③Almost all his novels have happy endings.④His novels tell much of the experiences of his childhood.⑤He is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter.William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863)Works: 名利场The Virginians弗吉尼亚人Comments on Vanity Fair●In the novel Thackeray describes the life of the ruling classes of England in theearly decades of the 19th century, and attacks the social relationship of the bourgeois world by satirizing the individuals in the different strata（阶层）of the upper society. It was a world where money grubbing was the main thing in the minds of all members of the ruling classes, and they had no scruples (良心上的不安,顾忌) whatever in employing all possible means to attain that end.George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819-1880)G. Eliot’s Major Works●Adam Bede 《亚当·比德》●The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》●Silas Marner《织工马南》●Middlemarch 《米德尔玛契》●Romola《罗慕拉》●Felix Holt, the Radical《激进分子费立可斯·霍尔特》●Daniel Deronda《丹尼尔·德龙达》The characteristics of Eliot’s literary works• a particular concern for the destiny of women•leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel •Interest in the interior life of human beings, moral problems and strains •ReligionCharlotte Bronte ( 1816-1855)major works The Professor《教授》Jane Eyre《简·爱》Shirley 《雪丽》Themes of Jane Eyre●1. the relations between men and women;●2. women’s equality;●3. the treatment of children and of women;●4. religious faith and religious hypocrisy (and the difference between the two);●5. the realization of selfhood;●6. the nature of true love.Comments on Charlotte BronteCharlotte Bronte is a representative writer of realism combined with romanticism of that time. In her works, she paints a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy, and other evils of the upper classes and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle class working women, particularly governesses.Emily Bronte (1818-1848) Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》The theme of Wuthering Heights●The novel is a riddle which means different things to different people. From thesocial point of view，it is a story about a poor man abused，betrayed & distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody. As a love story，this is one of the most moving：the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine proves the most intense，the most beautiful & at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.Comment on Wuthering Heights●Emily has a passionate love for the wilderness of the moor all the year roundand enjoys staying outside as far as she could. She is a child of nature. That accounts for the mysterious setting in Wuthering Heights.●Emily is a great poet. Her poems are works of strange sublimity and beauty.Reading her poems is conducive to a better understanding of Wuthering Heights.●As a love story, the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine proves to be themost intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found in human beings.Anne Bronte (1820-1849)●Agnes Grey (1847) 《艾格妮斯·格雷》and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《威尔德菲尔的房客》,。

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。

（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（V olpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。