Chapter 3: Mobile Radio Propagation:
Large-Scale Path Loss
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3.1 Introduction to Radio wave Propagation Small-scale and large-scale fading
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: The wavelength in meters.
d: distance in meters L: The miscellaneous losses L (L>=1) are usually due to transmission line attenuation, filter losses, and antenna losses in the communication system. L=1 indicates no loss in the system hardware.
• When antenna gains are excluded, the antennas are assumed to have
unity gain, and path loss is given by
PL(dB)10logP t 10log[ 2 ]
P r
(4)2d2
P L ( d B ) 3 2 .4 4 2 0 l g f 2 0 l g d(f:MHz,d:km)
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• reflection(反射)at large obstacles, • Scattering (散射)at small obstacles, • diffraction (衍射)at edges
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