路由过滤命令详解

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路由过滤命令详解

(一) Route Maps

特性:

Route Maps类似于access lists,不同之处在于Route Maps可以改变Packets/Routes的部分属性。

用途:

Route Maps主要用于Redistribution和Policy Routing及BGP的实现。

实现:

Policy Routing发送Packets到Route Maps实现策略路由转发。

Redistribution发送Routes到Route Maps实现路由条目的过滤。

配置说明:

Route Maps如果没有指定Action及Sequence Number属性,默认:

Action: permit

Sequence Number: 10

且Sequence Number不会自动增加。

即如果在使用Route Maps语句时不指定Sequence Number,则覆盖Sequence

Number为10的默认条目。

Route Maps Deny Action:

Redistribution: 特定路由条目不会被重分布。

Policy Routing: 特定的Packets不会按策略路由转发,但会梗概正常的路由表条目转发。

Case Study:Policy Routing

注:(1)Policy Routing只影响入流量。

(2)可以使用Standard及Extended ACL. (3)全局配置ip local policy route-map sense可将策略路由应用于Router本身发送的Packets.

<1> Standard ACL

interface Serial 0

ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0

ip policy route-map sense

!

access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 2 permit 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255

!

route-map sense permit 10

match ip address 1

set ip next-hop 172.16.4.2

!

route-map sense permit 20

match ip address 2

set ip next-hop 172.16.4.3

<2> Extended ACL

interface Ethernet 0

ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0

ip policy route-map sense

!

access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0

0.0.0.255 eq ftp any

access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq

ftp-data any

access-list 106 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet

any

!

route-map sense permit 10

match ip address 105

set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1

!

route-map sense permit 20

match ip address 106

set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

<3> Length of the Packets

interface Ethernet0

ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense

!

route-map sense permit 10

match length 1000 1600

set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1

!

route-map sense permit 20

match length 0 400

set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

<4> Router's Packets

interface Ethernet0

ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0

ip policy route-map sense

!

ip local policy route-map sense

!

access-list 120 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 120 permit ospf any any

!

route-map sense permit 10

match ip address 120

!

route-map sense permit 20

match length 1000 1600

set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1

!

route-map sense permit 30

match length 0 400

set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

注:如果没有第一个route-map条目,router本身的Packets及OSPF的Packets都会由于后两个route-map语句被转发到错误的地址。

Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing

Policy Routing结合ip包头的Precedence和Type of Service(TOS)可以实现基于QOS的策略路由。

注:Precedence和TOS的配置既可使用Number字段,也可以使用Keyword.

set ip precedence

-------------------------------------

Bits Number Keyword 000 0 routine

001 1 priority

010 2 immediate

011 3 flash

100 4 flash-override

101 5 critical

110 6 internet

111 7 network

-------------------------------------

set ip tos

-------------------------------------

Bits Number Keyword

0000 0 normal

0001 1 min-monetary-cost

0010 2 max-reliability

0100 4 max-throughput

1000 8 min-delay

-------------------------------------

interface Serial0

ip address 10.1.18.67 255.255.255.252

ip policy route-map sense

!

interface Serial1

ip address 10.34.16.83.255.255.255.252

ip policy route-map sense

!

access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

access-list 110 permit tcp any eq www any

!

route-map sense permit 10

match ip address 1 110

set ip precedence critical

!

route-map sense permit 20

set ip tos 10

set ip precedence priority

Case Study: Route Tagging

用途:

用于双向重分布时标识特定Domain的路由,以防路由被重分布回起源Domain.

使用方案: 通告路由条目的边缘Router在重分布时给路由条目加上Tag标识,做为Transit Network的Domain,不需要使用和识别Tag,仅仅需要将它传递到它的外部网络即可。

路由协议相关:

Support: RIPv2,EIGRP,IS-IS,OSPF,BGP

Not Support: RIPV1,IGRP

Packets Format:

RIPv2: 支持16-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~ 65535

EIGRP external route TLVs: 支持32-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~

4294967295

OSPF type 5 LSAs: 支持32-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~ 4294967295

配置实例:

router ospf 1

redistribute igrp 1 metric 10 subnets tag 1

redistribute rip metric 10 subnets route-map sense

network 10.100.200.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

!

router rip

network 10.0.0.0

!

router igrp 1

network 10.0.0.0

!

access-list 1 permit 10.1.2.3

access-list 2 permit 10.1.2.4

!

route-map sense permit 10

match ip route-source 1

set tag 2

!

route-map sense permit 20

match ip route-source 2

set tag 3

(二) Distribute-list