infinitive and gerund(不定式和动名词用法归纳)

动名词不定式用法专议一. 用动名词的情况1.v+doing (recite背出来)D,M,E,P,S,I,C,A,R,F (understand)D: deny delayM: mind, miss, mentionE: enjoy, escape, excuse, encourage(鼓励)P: practice, prevent, permit（允许）S: suggest, saveI: imagineC: consider(考虑)A: admit, avoid, advise, allow, appreciate(感激，欣赏)R: resist(抵制；抵御), risk，recommend(推荐，建议)F: finish, feel like, forbid(禁止)*Attention:*allow, permit, forbid, advise, recommend, encourage +sb.+to do sth+doinge.g. we don’t allow students to smoke here.smoking hereI recommend taking a holiday.you to take a holiday.*need, want, require,”需要”，deserve“应得”，可以主动形式表示被动含义e.g. The window needs/ wants/ requires cleaningto be cleaned.He deserved hanging (他最该万死)to be hangedThe book is (well) worth reading. (这本书非常值得一读)2.使用动名词的句型1）there is no + doing = it is impossible to do 根本不可能e.g.There is no telling what will happen.2) it is no use/good + doing “做。

是没用的”not any use/ gooduselesse.g. It is no use/ good making an excuse for this.3) 在have trouble 等的后面have difficulty / trouble (in) + doinghave fun/ headaches (in) + doinge.g. We had great difficulty (in) solving the problemThey had a lot of fun listening to the story.4) 在下列以time 为中心词的短语后have a hard/ good timewaste/spend a lot of timelose no time (in) + doinge.g. We had a difficult time finding a hotel.5) do (some/ much/ a lot of) + cooking,cleaning, reading, washing, sightseeinggo fishing, swimming, surfing, shopping3.关于动名词的逻辑主语e.g. Tom’s /His being late for school made the teacher angry.She didn’t mind jack’s/ his coming late.二.用不定式的情况1.V + to doattempt, agree, ask, arrange, choose, decide, desire(要求)，demand(要求)，expect, fail(未能)，hope，intend(打算)，manage（设法），offer，promise（承诺），pretend（假装），wish2.V + sb. + to doadvise, allow, ask, cause(引起)，expect（期望），drive(迫使)，force, get, invite3.不定式作定语⏹ A decision to leave / ways to protect our crops/ the ability to solve the problemthe attempt to rescue Christine/ the ambition to be a writer/ the chance to go abroad⏹⏹The only, 序数词（the first, the second, the last, 形容词最高级修饰的名词也常用不定式作定语e.g.She is the first person to leave the office.4. 不定式作状语*目的状语in order to, in order not toso as to, so as not to(不能用于句首)e.g. check your article in order to avoid mistakes.*结果状语e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (表示出乎意料)4.使用不定式的句型It is + adj. of/ for sb to do sth.Subject+ find/ make/ think/ believe/ consider + it + adj. + to do sthe.g. I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it hard to learn maths.The development of modern science has made it possible to explore the universe.5.不定式特殊用法a)can’t but do/ can’t choose but do/ can’t help but do/ would rather do than doprefer to do rather than do*but/ besides/ except 前面有do后不用toe.g. We did nothing but wait.We had nothing to do but wait.We had no choice but to wait.⏹would(should) like /love to do⏹mean to do 打算。

doing 意味着。

e.g. I mean to come early today.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.⏹regret to do（say/ tell/ inform）公布坏消息doing后悔（过去的事）e.g. I regret to say that we don’t have it in stock.. 我很遗憾的告诉你，我们没有存货I regret telling him the secret.⏹虚拟had hoped to do sth= hoped to have done sth ,‘本打算，本希望’，相类似的词还有mean, expect, plane.g. I had hoped to finish the homework earlier.I had meant to call on you yesterday, but I had some extra work to do.6.使役动词用法◆let…..doe.g. The policeman let the thief go.They won’t let their teacher be treated in that way.◆make…..do/ donee.g. Tom’s mother often makes him do some housework.He spoke loudly to make himself heard.I explain the question clearly to make myself understood.I could not make myself understood in English◆get…… to do/ doing/ donee.g. All the employees got the boss to fire Tom.You should get your eyes examined.Can you get the clock going?◆have……do /doing/donee.g. We had a passer-by take our photo.We had our photo taken by a passer-by.He had us laughing all through lunch.*Attention:当have表示”有”的时候e.g.I have some clothes to wash.(自己洗)I have some clothes to be washed.（让别人洗）7.with复合结构做状语with+ n. + doing (表示主动)+done （表示被动）+ to do （表示还未去做）e.g. With the old man leading, two tourists walked towards the mountain.With winter coimng, it’s time to buy warm clithes.With all the problems solved, he felt very happy.With Christine rescued from the prison, he cried with joy.With a lot of problems to settle, the president is having a hard time.With a lot of trees to plant, we don’t have time to rest.。