SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2003 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: custsvc@2.2Related Publications—The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this specification.2.2.1ASM P UBLICATIO NS —ATTN: MSC/Book Order, ASM International, PO Box 473, Novelty, OH 44072-9901.ASM Metals Handbook, Vol. 1 Properties and Specifications. Iron and Steel. Ninth Edition, ASMInternational 1996 Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.ASM Specialty Handbook, Cast Irons. ASM International 1996 Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.2.2.2O THER PUBLICATIONS1st International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron: Your Means to Improved Performance,Productivity and Cost. American Society for Metals Highway/Off-Highway Vehicles Committee Materials systems and Design Division. April 2-4, 1984 Chicago, IL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.2nd International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron: Your Means to Improved Performance,Productivity and Cost. Sponsored by ASME – Gear Research Institute, ASME – Design Division,AMAX, Inc. March 17-19, 1986, Ann Arbor, MI. ASME – Gear Research Institute c/o Pennsylvania State Univeristy, Applied Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 30, State College, PA /didata Chapter IV- Austempered Ductile Iron (Ductile Iron Society (US) website)3.Grades—The specified grades, hardness and mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.TABLE 1—MINIMUM MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRONGrade Hardness HBN (dia. in mm)(MPa)Tensile Strength(1)(2)MPa 1.Applied to equivalent thickness of up to 64 mm (2.5 in). For equivalent thickness greater than 64 mm (2.5 in), the mechanical properties will be mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.2.The property requirements in this standard are based on separately cast test bars. Casting properties and microstructure may vary due to chemistry, section size, cooling rates and other parameters. It is desired that the test bars be designed to reflect the properties of the cast-ings they represent. The casting process for the test bars shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Refer to ASTM A 536.Tensile Strength(1)(2)ksi Yield Strength(1)(2)MPa Yield Stength(1)(2)ksi %Elongation Elasticity (1)(2)Modulus of Elasticity(1)(2)(3)GPa3.The Young’s Modulus (E) was determined by the procedure defined in ASTM E 111.Modulus of Elasticity(1)(2)(3)psi Impact Energy (4)Joules 4.Values obtained using unnotched Charpy bars tested at 22 °C ± 2 °C (72 °F ± 4 °F). The values in the table are the average of t he three highest of four tested samples. For details of Charpy test refer to ASTM Impact Test (ASTM E 23).ImpactEnergy (4)ft-lb AD 900269-341: (3.70-3.30)(2640-3340)90013065090914821.5 x 10610075AD1050302-375: (3.50-3.15)(2690-3680)1050150750110714821.5 x 1068060AD1200341-444: (3.30-2.90)(3340-4350)1200175850125414821.5 x 1066045AD1400388-477: (3.10-2.80)(3800-4680)14002001100155214821.5 x 1063525AD1600402-512: (3.05-2.70)(3940-5020)16002301300185114821.5 x 10620154.Hardness4.1The area or areas on the castings where hardness is to be checked shall be established by agreementbetween the manufacturer and purchaser.4.2The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and inspection techniques to insure compliance with thespecified hardness range for the application. Brinell hardness shall be determined according to ASTM E 10 Test for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials, after sufficient material has been removed from the casting surface to insure representative hardness readings. The 10 mm ball and 3000 kg load shall be used unless otherwise specified and agreed upon.5.Heat treatment5.1Castings produced in accordance with this document shall be heat treated by an austempering processconsisting of heating the castings to a fully austenitic condition, then holding for a time sufficient to saturate the austenite with carbon, then cooling (at a rate sufficient to avoid the formation of pearlite) to a temperature above the martensite start temperature (Ms), and isothermally transforming the matrix structure for a time sufficient to produce the desired properties. This process shall produce a microstructure that is substantially ausferrite (acicular ferrite and austenite).5.2Appropriate heat treatment for removal of residual stresses, or to improve machinability shall be specified byagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.5.3Re-austempering of components or any deviation from the established heat treating process is permissibleonly with the expressed approval of the casting purchaser.6.Microstructure6.1The graphite component of the microstructure shall consist of at least 80% spheroidal graphite conforming toTypes I and II per ASTM A 247.6.2The cooling rate within some sections may not be sufficient to avoid the formation of pearlite or other hightemperature transformation products. In such cases, the maximum acceptable quantities of these microconstituents and the location(s) within the casting may be established by agreement between the heat treater, the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.3Minor amounts of martensite may be present in the microstructure of Grades 1400 and 1600. Acceptablequantities of martensite may be established by agreement between the heat treater, the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.4The microstructure shall be substantially free of undesirable microconstituents, the details of which are agreedupon between the heat treater, the manufacturer and the purchaser.7.Quality Assurance—It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to demonstrate process capability. Thespecimen(s) used to do so shall be of a configuration and from a location agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Sampling plans shall be agreed upon between the heat treater, the manufacturer and the purchaser. The manufacturer shall employ adequate controls to ensure that the parts conform to the agreed upon requirements.8.General8.1Castings furnished to this standard shall be representative of good foundry practice and shall conform todimensions and tolerances specified on the casting drawing.8.2Minor surface discontinuities usually not associated with the structural functioning may occur in castings.These imperfections are often repairable; however, repairs should be made only in areas and by methods approved by the purchaser. Welding repair is not acceptable after Austempering.8.3Additional casting requirements, such as vendor identification, other casting information, and special testing,may be agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. These should appear as additional product requirements on the casting drawing.PREPARED BY THE SAE METALS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DIVISION 9—AUTOMOTIVE IRON AND STEEL CASTINGSAPPENDIX AAUSTEMPERED DUCTILE (NODULAR) IRON(A material description not a part of the document)A.1Definition and Classification—Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is produced by heat-treating Ductile (Nodular)Iron using the austempering Process, (as exemplified in A.5), a specialized, isothermal heat treatment. When compared to conventional ductile iron, ADI can have over twice the strength for a given level of ductility. ADI can have fatigue strength comparable to that of cast and forged steels and that strength can be greatly enhanced by subsequent grinding, fillet rolling or shot peening. Although the first commercial application of ADI did not occur until 1972, the material has found applications in virtually every industrial market segment.Its principal attribute is its ability to replace steel forgings, castings and weldments at equal or lesser weight and at a reduced cost. It is also typically much less costly than aluminum and, with its high strength-to-weight ratio it has replaced cast aluminum parts at equal weight in some automotive applications.The ausferrite matrix in ADI undergoes a strain transformation hardening when exposed to a high normal force. That effect makes machining of ADI challenging, but knowledge of this effect allows the machinist to adjust the feeds, speeds and tool angles to adequately compensate. This same strain transformation hardening is what gives ADI wear resistance better than its bulk hardness would indicate.Other attributes of the material include, good noise dampening, fracture toughness and low temperature properties, and reasonable stiffness.A.2Suggested Foundry Requirements for Ductile Iron that is to be Austempered (ADI)—ADI can be pro-duced successfully from ductile iron castings with a wide range of chemistries and configurations. Although there is no optimum recipe for ADI castings, those produced to the following parameters have been shown to yield excellent results.A.2.1Casting Quality—The castings should be free of non-metallic inclusions, carbides, shrink and dross. Properpurchasing, storage and use of charge materials will minimize the occurrence of carbides and gas defects.Proper molding control will minimize surface defects and other sub-surface discontinuities. The castings should be properly gated and poured using consistent and effective treatment and inoculation techniques to yield shrink free castings. Any of the aforementioned non-conforming conditions will reduce the “toughness” of an ADI component (even if adequate for conventional ductile). The following are recommended as a minimum: Nodule Count100 / mm2Nodularity85%A.2.2Carbon Equivalent—The carbon equivalent (CE) can be approximated by the relationship:CE = %C + 1/3 (%Si). It should be controlled as follows in Table A1.TABLE A1—SUGGESTED CARBON EQUIVALENT RANGES FOR VARIOUS SECTION SIZESSection Size CE Range0-13 mm (0-1/2 in) 4.4 – 4.613-51 mm (½ in-2 in) 4.3 – 4.6Over 51 mm (2 in) 4.3 – 4.5A.2.3Chemistry Control—Good ductile iron practice should prevail for ductile iron that is to be austempered.Alloying elements such as Mo, Cu and Ni should be added only when additional hardenability is required for heavier sections. This increased “hardenability” is required only to avoid the formation of pearlite during quenching. Ultimately the amount of alloying required, (if any), will be a function of the alloys in one’s base metal, the part configuration and the austempering process used. The proper alloy configuration should be determined jointly by the foundry and the heat-treating source. Addition of the aforementioned alloys when not required does not enhance the properties of ADI but merely adds to the cost of the iron. Composition guidelines are recommended below in Tables A2 and A3:Other “nodulizing elements”, (like, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium), should be present only to the extent that they are used to replace Mg in nodulization. In any case, the amount of residual Mg plus the amounts of these elements should not exceed 0.06%. Carbide forming elements (such as Cr, Ti,V, etc.) tend to be additive in effect with Mn and/or Mo and one should be aware of this in alloy design to avoid the formation of carbides in the casting.TABLE A2—SUGGESTED TARGETS AND CONTROL RANGES FOR INTENTIONALLY ADDED ELEMENTSIntentionally AddedElements Suggested TargetTypicalControl RangeC Carbon 3.6%±0.20%Si Silicon 2.5%±0.20%Mg Magnesium (%S x 0.76) + 0.025%±0.005%Mn Manganese (1)1.Up to a section size of approximately 13 mm (0.51 in), Mn targets as high as 0.60% can be used successfully. In section sizes over 13 mm (0.51 in) (or in the presence of Mo or other carbide formers) the Mn target should be reduced to 0.35% or less to minimize the formation of cell boundary carbides which may negatively affect component machinability and ductility.0.30%±0.05%Cu Copper 0.80% maximum (only as needed)±0.05%Ni Nickel 2.00% maximum (only as needed)±0.10%Mo Molybdenum 0.30% max. (only as needed)±0.03%TABLE A3—SUGGESTED MAXIMUMS AND CONTROL RANGES FOR TRACE AND TRAMP ELEMENTSTrace or Tramp ElementsSuggested Target (or maximum)Typical Control RangeSn Tin 0.02% maximum ±0.003%Sb Antimony 0.002% maximum ±0.0003%P Phosphorus 0.04% maximum S Sulfur 0.02% maximum O Oxygen 50 ppm maximum Cr Chromium 0.10% maximum Ti Titanium 0.040% maximum V Vanadium 0.10% maximum Al Aluminum 0.050% maximum As Arsenic 0.020% maximum Bi Bismuth 0.002% maximum B Boron 0.002% maximum Cd Cadmium 0.005% maximum Pb Lead 0.002% maximum Se Selenium 0.030% maximum Te Tellurium0.020% maximumA.2.4Prior Microstructure—The time required to saturate the matrix with carbon during austenitizing and thegrowth of the casting during austempering will be affected by the pearlite/ferrite ratio of the casting prior to heat treatment. A consistent pearlite/ferrite ratio is particularly important if the castings are machined prior to austempering. A consistent pearlite/ferrite ratio in the casting prior to austenitizing will result in consistent growth during austempering.A.2.5Thermal Behavior of ADI—The designer should be aware that the coefficient of thermal expansion for ADIcan be 5 to 20% greater than that of steel or ductile iron (depending on the grade of ADI selected). This increased thermal expansion must be addressed in close tolerance designs that will see significant temperature fluctuations in service.Furthermore, the ausferrite microstructure is generally stable to very low temperatures but, in elevated temperature service, will eventually exhibit a lowering of properties if continually operated at temperatures approaching the temperature at which the casting was austempered.The preceding guidelines have been prepared as useful parameters for production. Good ADI can, and is, being produced from ductile iron not meeting these criteria, however, these criteria represent sound, commercial practices known to produce good results. They do not constitute a guarantee of final properties.A.3MicrostructureA.3.1The microstructure of the various grades of ADI consists of spheroidal graphite in a matrix of carbon stabilizedaustenite and acicular ferrite – otherwise known as ausferrite. (See Figures A1 to A5).A.3.2The different grades of ADI are dependent upon the quench temperature of the heat treatment. The quenchtemperature affects the formation of the ausferrite matrix.A.3.3The following figures show typical microstructures of each grade of ADI.FIGURE A1—GRADE AD900 (TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURE)FIGURE A2—GRADE AD1050 (TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURE)FIGURE A3—GRADE AD1200 (TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURE)FIGURE A4—GRADE AD1400 (TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURE)FIGURE A5—GRADE AD1600 (TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURE)A.4Mechanical PropertiesA.4.1The mechanical properties are shown in Table 1. Since properties may vary with location on a given casting,the suitability of a particular material/process combination for an intended use is best determined by laboratory or service tests.A.4.2The mechanical properties are dependent on the Austempering process and may be marginally affected bysection size.A.4.3For optimum mechanical properties, section size for unalloyed iron generally should not exceed 16 mm (0.63in) to ensure a uniform, through hardened structure. Section sizes above 16 mm (0.63 in)may require additional alloying for through hardening. (Typical alloys added for increased hardenability include Cu, Ni and Mo.)A.5Heat Treatment Process—Figure A6 shows a typical austempering process. (The actual temperatures andtimes suitable for a specific application would have to be determined based on the chemical composition, the component configuration and the strength grade desired).FIGURE A6—SCHEMATIC OF THE AUSTEMPERING PROCESSA.5.1A-B—Heat to appropriate austenitizing temperature.A.5.2B-C—Hold to saturate the austenite with carbon.A.5.3C-D—Quench rapidly enough to avoid the formation of pearlite, to a temperature above the martensite starttemperature (Ms).A.5.4D-E—Austemper for a time sufficient to produce the desired ausferrite properties.A.5.5E-F—Cool to room temperature.A.6Typical ApplicationsA.6.1AD900 is used in moderately stressed parts requiring high ductility and bending fatigue strength, and goodmachinability. AD900 also has very good low temperature properties.A.6.2AD1050 is used for moderately stressed parts requiring high ductility and bending fatigue strength, and goodmachinability. AD1050 has the best low temperature properties of all the grades.A.6.3AD1200 is used for a combination of fatigue strength, impact strength and wear resistance.A.6.4AD1400 is used where high strength and/or improved wear resistance are required.A.6.5AD1600 is used where high yield and contact strength, and/or improved wear resistance are required.-11-Rationale—Not applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—Not applicable.Application—This SAE Standard covers the mechanical and physical property requirements for Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) castings used in automotive and allied industries. Specifically covered are:a.Hardnessb.Tensile Strengthc.Yield Strengthd.Elongatione.Modulus of Elasticityf.Impact Energyg.MicrostructureIn this document SI units are primary and in-lb units are derived. Appendix A provides general information and related resources on the microstructural, chemical and heat treatment requirements to meet the mechanical properties needed for ADI in particular service conditions and applications.Reference SectionASTM A 247—Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron CastingsASTM A 536—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsASTM E 10—Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsASTM E 23—Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsASTM E 111—Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus and Chord ModulusASM Metals Handbook, Vol. 1 Properties and Specifications. Iron and Steel. Ninth Edition, ASM International 1996 Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.ASM Specialty Handbook, Cast Irons. ASM International 1996 Materials Park, OH 44073-0002.1st International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron: Your Means to Improved Performance, Productivity and Cost. American Society for Metals Highway/Off-Highway VehiclesCommittee Materials systems and Design Division. April 2-4, 1984 Chicago, IL2nd International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron: Your Means to Improved Performance, Productivity and Cost. Sponsored by ASME – Gear Research Institute, ASME – DesignDivision, AMAX, Inc. March 17-19, 1986, Ann Arbor, MI/didata Chapter IV- Austempered Ductile IronDeveloped by the SAE Metals Technical Committee Division 9—Automotive Iron and Steel Castings。
ASME A112.18.1-2005/CSA B125.1-05管道供水裝置内容ASME标准委员会A112管道材料和设备 vi ASME工程队18.1—管道设备装置 viii CSA技术委员会管道装置 xASME/CSA联合协调工作组管道装置 xii 序 xiiiCSA前言 xv1范围 12参考出版物 22.1ASME and CSA出版物 22.2其它出版物 23定义及缩略语 43.1 定义 43.2 缩略语 74设计要求84.1 供水装置 84.1.1额定压力 84.1.2额定温度 84.1.3阀心零件 84.2 使用 84.3 安装 84.4 螺纹连接 94.5 非螺纹连接的连接 94.6 残障设计 94.7 回流阻止 94.8 面板和圆盘 104.9 毒性 104.10 防冻龙头和给水栓 104.11 淋喷头,喷枪体,手持花洒 104.12 交叉水流 104.13 装置的电子性能 104.13.1 概述104.13.2 测试114.14 材料114.15 自动补偿阀温度控制114.16 草坪和沉淀龙头115性能要求及测试方法115.1概述115.1.2测试安装115.1.3 相应的测试115.2 涂层115.2.1 概述115.2.2 耐腐蚀(所有基质和涂层) 125.2.3 粘着性125.2.4 装饰性有机涂层135.3 压力和温度145.3.1 静态和动态密封145.3.2 爆破压力145.3.3 交流止阀155.3.4 软管组155.3.5 球接头155.3.6 分水器155.4 流量165.4.1 供水装置165.4.2 测试步骤165.5 操作要求165.6 寿命测试175.6.1 要求175.6.2 测试方法185.6.3 装置和其它控制设备195.6.4 摆动出水口205.6.5 花洒软管,抽取式出水口软管,侧喷枪软管205.7 抗安装负载215.7.1 弯曲强度215.7.2 螺纹钮力215.8 抗使用负载215.8.1 操作控制215.8.2 安装位置之维持215.8.3 摆动出水口强度225.9 回流阻止225.9.1 概述225.9.2 普通出水口装置225.9.3 能沉入水中的出水口装置235.9.4 回流阻止设备用于能沉入水中的单一出水口装置23 5.9.5 侧喷枪分水器的反虹吸阻止255.10 自动补偿阀265.10.1 概述265.10.3 压力及爆破压测试265.10.4 最大调节力矩和/或力275.10.5 寿命测试275.10.6 温度控制285.10.7 供应线压损失305.10.8 温度和高限制控制306 标志316.1 概述316.2 温度鉴定316.3 包装316.4 自动补偿阀说明31附录A (非强制性的)—元件转换准则42B (规范的)—装置型测试43C (非强制性的)—证实温度测试设备的时间衡量45D (非强制性的)—压力和温度调节装置补偿阀之温度变化47 表格1—最小和最大流量322—操作要求333—寿命测试334—螺纹扭力强度34图1—墙面安装式面盆及面盆供水装置342—1/2-14NPSM脚牙尺寸353—供水装置弯曲负载364—泻流量测试概要375—止水阀泄漏量测试设置386—反虹吸和隐藏止水阀测试方案397—高温状态,条列和温度变化,冷水供水压力损失测试设置40 8—自动补偿阀寿命测试设置41ASME 标准委员A112管道材料和设备ASME工程队18.1—管道设备装置CSA技术委员会管道装置ASME/CSA联合协调工作组管道装置序这是首版的ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1,管道供水装置.此联合标准的提出是由于工业要求一测试管道供水装置的标准可同时在加拿大和美国接受.它的涉及面限定在供水管线和终端装置.管道排水装置在ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2-05,管道排水装置,中涉及.在本标准或ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2-05中未涉及到的装置,如持续压力下的温度启动一字阀和活动接头,在CSA B125.3,管道装置中涉及.此标准的5.10条中的技朮内容是由美国卫生工程学会(ASSE)和CSA联合提出的.此标准取代了ASME A112.18.1-2003,管道设备装置,ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2-05和CSA B125.3取代了CA/民CSA B125-01,管道装置.协调管道装置的概念在1990s早期出现,当时在加拿大,墨西哥和美国之间开始讨论一自由贸易协议.标准发展组织(SDOs)站在这些讨论的最前方,很快出现一机遇,使提出建立一程序以协调管道产品的要求.然而,提出一个三国标准的努力一直拖延,直到2001年,美国和加拿大决定提出一个管道设备装置的两国标准.协调活动由联合协调工作组(JHTG)承担,ASME和CSA管道装置委员会等代表参加.程序事务和技朮内容的最后核准在每个SDO更高级别的委员会和团队负责.最初,JHTG的想法是起草一个标准,反映ASME和CSA相关标准的现存要求.这似乎是一个明智的工作,使ASME和CSA花费了多年来协调它们的管道装置标准的要求,致使不断地提出修订的要求.在相关的ASME标准中只有少量的测试未出现在CSA标准相应的部分,即腐蚀,摆动出水口强度,脉冲.然而,当JHTG开始会谈时,会员意识到还有空间提升两个标准处理当前的产品和技朮.因此达成了一个协议：新的标准应不仅是协调现存的要求,还应提升它们.于是,寿命,热循环,腐蚀测试在此标准中有做修订,提供了必在的要求以确保管道供水装置的使用者的持续健康和安全.本标准的设计要求大体上等同于它所取代的标准,管道供水装置执行基本相同的功能.本标准由ASME/CSA联合协调工作组管道装置拟定,由ASME 标准委员会A112管道材料和设备和CSA技朮委员会管道装置管辖.CSA技朮委员会委员会在CSA战略指导委员会管道产品和材料管辖下操作.此标准已经由ASME 标准委员会A112和CSA技朮委员会正式核准,ASME A112.18.1-2005在2005.5.24由美国国家标准协会核准为美国国家标准,CSA B125.1将作为加拿大国家标准提交加拿大政务会核准.2005.6CSA注：1)在句子中允许使用单数并不排除复数的使用.2)虽然本标准的设定应用在范围内描述了,但郑重声明此标准的用户有责任去判断此标准是否适合他们的特殊目的.3)本版次的形成是由于CSA政策管理标准化定义—标准化实践法规,作为实际协议.一致意指大多数认可,而不需全部.应坚持本定义为成员应包括在技朮委员会名单中,但不需完全同意本版次的所有条款.4)CSA标准应定期复审,参考委员会的正确意见作改善.5)所有关于此标准的疑问,包括要求对JHTG的解释,应联系加拿大标准协会,5060 Spectrum Way,Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, 加拿大L4W 5 N6要求解释者应：a)明确问题,参考的特定条款,适当包括解释的草图﹔b)提供实际使用情况的描述﹔c)当有可能允许“yes”和“no”回答时,用言语表达.委员会解释程序依据CSA指导和指引管理标准化,CSA信息更新中心定期出版,在CSA的网站www.csa.ca有效.CSA前言加拿大标准协会(CSA)以加拿大标准协会的名义提出标准,并在国际CSA的名义下提供认証和测试.国际CSA为生产厂商提供了认証服务,以CSA証书的形式,希望在他们的生产的产品上使用注册了的CSA标志以証明符合CSA标准.对一些产品的CSA认証提供了保持同意的质量、性能、可互换和安全标准.当适用时,认証可接受的基础为检查管理机构负责法规的执行.当可行时,程序将会发展生产商,客户或其它利益方希望的其它产品的认証.在根据目的执行其功能时,CSA不能认为或同意免除生产商或其它机构应承担的责任.协会的意见和发现代表了其由于考虑到必要的实际操作限制和当时标准运行状况而做的职业判定.产品大体上与本标准一致,但表现了细小的差异或新的特点,而此特点或差异是符合实际的相应国际CSA操作程序的,可被认为符合此标准.符合此标准的产品,但具有额外的与本标准的内容不一致的特点,被认为不能认証.被发现与适合的法律法规相冲突的产品也不能认証.测试方法,测试步骤和测试设备需由国际CSA指定,在CSA标准中包括的技朮要求除外.除了标准中规定的标志外,国际CSA可能要求标准中未规定的特殊的警示,标志和说明书.CSA标准要求的一些测试可能会有固有的危险,协会不承担或接受对进行测试造成的伤害或损害负责,不管是由厂商或协会整体或部分进行,是否由厂商或协会提供测试相关的设备,场所或人员.厂商应注明如有国际CSA无法解决的要求的解释的情况,有一个求助程序：抱怨可书面提交加拿大标准协会秘书处.如果本标准用于获得CSA认証,请记住：当申请认証时,要求所有当前的修正,公告,通知和技朮信息应是适用的,且有其指定的费用.如果需在关于CSA认証的上述信息或更多的信息,请联络国际CSA申请客户报务,178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.ASME A112.18.1-2005/CSA B125.1-05管道供水装置1 范围1.1本标准适用于设置在供水管和终端装置之间管道供水装置和附件,包括如下：(a)独立花洒和浴用花洒组合体的自动供水阀﹔(b)浴用和淋浴供水装置﹔(c)坐浴盆供水装置﹔(d)洗衣机供水装置﹔(e)饮水机供水装置﹔(f)湿润器供水止水阀﹔(g)厨房,洗涤槽和面盆供水装置﹔(h)洗涤盆供水装置﹔(i)草坪和沉淀龙头﹔(j)计量式和自关供水装置﹔(k)供水止水阀.1.2管道排水装置在CSA B125.2/ASME A112.18.2中涉及.1.3其它装置如持续压力下的温度启动式一字混合阀和活动接头在CSA B125.3或其它管道产品标准中涉及.1.4本标准不包括管道或管道装置.1.5在本标准中,“shall”用于表示一种要求,即,一个规定为用户必须满足符合本标准﹔“should”用于表示一种建议或为一种忠告,但并不要求﹔“may”用于表示一种观点或在本标准中是允许的.附有注释的条款并不包括要求或替代要求﹔注释条款的目的为与正文分开的解释性或有益的材料.图表的注释被认为是图表的一部分,可能作为要求.图例等同于图,和图被认为是要求.1.6本标准中的数值单位为SI(公制)或英寸/英镑.SI为加拿大使用的单位.在此标准中,英寸/英镑的单位在括号内显示.每种测量系统中的数值在应用时应相等,每种系统独立使用.两种测量系统组合的数值可能会造成不符合本标准.所有参考加仑对比US加仑.在本标准中使用的变更的信息见附录A.2 参考出版物2.1 ASME 和CSA出版物本标准参考如下出版物,及下面所列的版次,包括此外所有的修正案. 国际ASME(美国机械工程学会)A112.1.2-1991(R2002)管道系统中的空气隙A1121.18.2-2005/CSA B125.2-05管道排水系统A 112.18.3-2002管道装置中对回流阻止设备及其系统的性能要求B1.20.1-1983(R2001)管道螺纹,一般应用(英寸).B1.20.7-1991(R2002)软管连接螺丝螺纹(英寸)B16.18-2001铸造铜合金焊接压力装置B16.22-2001锻造铜和铜合金焊接压力装置16.26-1988铸造铜合金扩张铜管装置PTC 19.2-1987(R1998)压力测量,仪器和装置PTC 19.5-1972应用,第二部分,液体计：临时增刊19.5,关于仪器和装置CSA(加拿大标准协会)A1121.18.2-2005/CSA B125.2-05管道排水系统CAN-CSA B64系列-01回流阻止器和真空破坏器B125.3CN-CSA-C22.2 No.223-M91(R1999)极低压二级输出供电2.2 其它出版物本标准参考如下出版物,及下面所列的版次,包括此外所有的修正案. ASSE(美国卫生工程学会)1016-2005独立花洒和浴用花洒组合体的自动供水阀1019-1997真空破坏器墙上龙头,自动排水型防冻国际ASTM(美国测试和材料学会)B117-03操作盐雾机标准B368-97(2003)e1铜加速醋酸酸性盐雾测试(CASS测试)的标准方法B380-97(2002)装饰性电镀层的腐蚀泥方法测试B571-97(2003)金属涂层粘着性标准测试方法D968-93(R2001)结构镀层的耐磨擦性－落沙测试标准测试方法D3359-02带式测量粘着性的标准测试方法D4060-01有机涂层耐磨砂测试G85-02e1修正后盐雾测试的标准实施方法ISA(测试设备和自动协会)ANSI/ISA-75.02-1996控制阀能力测试程序MC 96.1982温度测量电偶ISO(国际标准组织)ISO 228-1：2000非压力紧固接头之管道螺纹-部分1:尺寸,公差和设计国际NSFNSF/ANSI 61-2003e饮用水系统组件-健康效应SAE(自动工程学会)SAE J512,1997年4月自动管道装置UL(担保人实验室)1310-1994直接插入变压器1585-19982级和3级变压器安全标准3 定义和缩略语3.1 定义下列定义适用于本标准：易接近的:容易维修或更换的.残障设计：指一种制造对人具物理、感应和认知能力的易进入设备的设计方法.注：残障设计正式的称呼为无障碍设计.配件:可随用户的意见,很容易地加上,取下或替代之部件,当该部件取下时应不影响整体的基本性能.注：如水波器,手持花洒组件,淋喷头和供水在线流量控制器.空气隙:出水口之最低水位与固定装置溢水边缘之间一段无障碍(通过空气)的垂直距离.自动补偿阀:有热水和冷水供应管道,可自动维持选定之水温的装置.注：自动补偿阀是用于降低烫伤和热冲击的危险.恒压和温度调节补偿阀之组合：一种混合阀,能在混合之前测出入水口冷热供水压力,检测出水口的水温,补偿压力和热量变化,以保持出水口的水温.恒压补偿阀：一种混合阀,能测出入水口冷热供水压力,补偿入水口冷热水压力变化以保持出水口的水温.温度调节补偿阀：一种混合阀,能测出出水口的水温,补偿热量变化以保持出水口的水温.回流：水从指定方向回流或转向.注：反虹吸和回压都是回流的一种.回流阻止器：在饮用水供水系统中,使用单一或组合控制手段,能自动阻止由于回压或反虹吸作用产生非希望之回流的机械装置.回压：在下游处或分水系统末端出水口的压力比上游处的压力更高.反虹吸:在供水系统中,由低于大气的压力产生的回流.水泡：在各层或物质之间由于失去粘着性而产生的圆顶状瑕疵或不良.喷枪主体：一种淋浴装置,设定为从适当位置而不是从头部喷水到淋浴者身上.注：如,一种装置安装在淋浴者下面的墙面上,这样大致为水平喷射,可以是固定的或允许在一个球接头上旋转.裂纹(适用于涂层评估)—(a)一层与下一层的分离或物质与下一层的涂层的分离,涂层之间粘着性的丧失.(b)由于功能测试造成的任何裂纹,如白色沉淀或腐蚀,允许穿透电镀层,且在功能测试之前在表面或部件上不能出现.注：功能测试之后出现的涂层表面变形(如白纹,涂层下的线条或由于基质的应力减少造成的变形),不能分开,脱皮或松动,都不能视为裂纹.临界面：装置中反虹吸不会产生的最低水位.交叉水流：水在一个供水装置到另一个供水装置之间交流,但水流不通过混合阀的出水口.分水器：一种设备,作为装置的不可缺少的部分或附件使用,可使水流从初级出水口直接流到二级出水口.饮用水：人类所摄取的饮用水.水龙头：终端装置.草坪龙头：一种设计为水平安装在建筑物外墙上的龙头,入水口的连接螺纹为凸或凹IPS螺纹或铜接头,与出水口的软管螺纹形成的角度最大为45˚.龙头包括安装在墙上的壁罩.注：这些龙头可以是非冻结型龙头.计量龙头：在打开水后,以一个预定体积或时段送水的水龙头.注：循环期或体积是固定的或可调节的.沉淀水龙头：如同锅炉排水.一种设计为水平安装的龙头,入水口边为凸或凹IPS螺纹,出水口为凸软管螺纹.出水口可与入水口大致垂直或角度向外.注：这些阀如此命名,是由于他们是设计为从锅炉排水,释放所产生的沉淀.这些阀同样也用于连接洗衣机的洗衣房中.自关水龙头：释放的把手能立即自动关闭的龙头.装置：设计为控制或指引水流的设备.组合装置：由单一出水口出水,多于一个进水口进水的供应装置.隐藏装置：一种装置,本体安装在固定装置下面或后面.露天安装装置：供水装置,安装在水平面顶端.暴露装置：安装于卫生器具的档板前或台面上面的装置.供水装置：在供水系统中能控制和传送可饮用水流的装置.终端装置：使用时有一个开口或直接向大气排水口的装置.固定装置：一种装置,能接收水,排出物质或组合物,然后直接导入卫生排水系统.水流压力：在一个打开装置或附件上游处的供水管道中测量的静态压力.软管组件：一种组件,包括一根软管和末端接头,不能承受持续压力.非饮用水：被污染的水,不适用人畜饮用,或者是被接收装置污染的水.物理汽相性积沉涂层(PVD):指表面涂层由单个原子或分子积淀形成的一系列涂层过程.注：在PVD中,材料从固体或液体状态蒸发,通过低压气体的或等离子体传递,再冷凝在基座表面.凹点：一个小凹点或洞.可饮用水：能满足健康要求的水.厨房用和家用水,必须达到管辖区域卫生健康权威机构的要求.压力外壳：装置的外部零件,可经受和控制水压.初级出口：装置的出水口,在控制阀的泄水边,通过它可将水流泄出,除非用分水器将水分至次级出水口.公用面盆装置：卫生用具装置,设计安装在非居住洗手间里.刚性水道：水道交叉部件,能将有害负载传送到装置本体.密封：装置的零件或部分,防止泄漏.底座圆盘：圆盘或垫片,在相对底座压紧时,便可将水封住.次级出水口：装置的出水口,除在阀泄水边的初级出水口以外的出水口.服务条件#1(SC-1)：隐藏装置的涂层重要表面和外露装置隐藏部件涂层重要表面.服务条件#2(SC-2)：外露装置的涂层重要表面和隐藏装置外露部件涂层重要表面.脚牙：供水装置的部分,安装时它穿过安装面与供水管相连接.明显不良：有防碍或损坏装置功能的缺点.重要表面：外露表面,如果损伤,就会损伤装置的外观或影响操作.标准工具：管工安装、维护管道时使用的工具,如螺丝刀,扳手,钳子等.基质：包括最终涂层下的所有层面,基材也包括在内.供水压力：供水装置管道中的静态水压.供水止阀：放置在终端装置之前的阀,用于迅速关闭给终端装置的供水,以使其正常使用或被替代.表面不良：任何凹点,气泡,裂纹,脱皮,腐蚀或不用辅助工具的可见不良,使用独立的测试样品.表面不良的任意尺寸不能超过0.8mm(0.03in.).注：如果稽核员一般会佩带修正性质的眼镜时,不用辅助工具也包括此修正性质的眼镜.热冲击：温度变化,足够快及大,将产生一种潜在的危害.用户：在使用时,接触出水口的水,可调节水温的个体.阀：装置,它通过一个活动部件,来开、关、控制水流,这个活动部件打开和阻塞一个或更多管路.混合阀,循环型：具单把手供水装置,从冷水到混合水到热水,然后以相反方向再关闭.混合阀,单控制：具有单控制的装置通过单把手使水开或关,改变体积和温度.混合阀,单把手：当供应冷,热水时,通过单把手改变出水温度的装置.混合阀,双把手：分别具有的热,冷水控制阀的供水装置.3.2 缩略语下列缩略语适用于此标准：CL –临界面IPS –铁管规格NPS –名义管规格NPSM –国家机械管道直螺纹NPT –国家管道锥形螺纹PVD -- 物理汽相性积沉涂层SC-1 –服务条件1SC-2 –服务条件24 设计要求4.1 供水装置4.1.1 额定压力4.1.1.1供水装置应设计为690kpa(100psi)的额定供水压力.4.1.1.2供水装置应设计为在140-860kpa(20-125psi)的供水压力下正常工作.4.1.2额定温度供水装置应设计为5-71℃(40-160℉)的额定供水温度.4.1.3 阀心零件4.1.3.1下列装置应有可更换阀座：(a)浴用或淋浴装置供水阀,除隐藏止阀﹔(b)组合面盆装置﹔(c)组合厨用洗涤槽装置﹔(d)坐浴盆装置﹔(e)单控面盆龙头﹔(f)浴室和淋浴装置用外露型阀.4.1.3.2任何阀座圆盘的制作应可替换.4.1.3.3任何阀座圆盘装置在使用中应不能振动.当使用螺纹装置固定圆盘时,它在更换圆盘5次以后仍能安全固定作用.4.2 使用所有装置应设计为磨损的部件可被替换(a)不造成装置与供水系统的分离﹔(b)不需从本体上移除管道﹔(c)不需破坏装修好的墙机面﹔(d)使用标准管道工具或厂商提供的工具﹔摆动出水口设计为在出水口和本体之间的接头使用可调节装置,这样的构造是便于不用移除出水口就可调节.4.3 安装应达到装置与固定装置的设备之间密封.4.4 螺纹连接4.4.1螺纹应符合下列标准：(a)管道螺纹应符合ASME B1.20.1.(b)软管螺纹应符合ASME B1.20.7.(c)水波器螺纹每英寸应有27扣牙,或ISO标准M22,M24或M28指定的.(d)手持花洒连接螺纹应是1/2-14NPSM或ISO 228-1,G 1/2B.(e)锥管连接尺寸应符合ASME B16.26规定.(f)压缩连接供管尺寸应符合SAE J512要求.4.4.2入水口尺寸和台面安装式面盆和洗涤槽供水装置的1/2-14NPSM刚性脚牙的脚牙长度设计为能与1/2NPSM连接螺母和尾管或1/2指定尺寸铜管相匹配,如图1和2中所示.入水口和脚牙也可设计为与其它一般连接相匹配.注：要求更长的脚牙长度是取决于装置的方向和台面的厚度或材料.4.4.3用以替换的活动软管和可弯曲的零件的末端螺纹接头应符合本标准的性能要求.4.4.4安装在标准花洒弯管上的淋喷头应能连接1/2 NPT凸螺纹.4.5 螺纹连接外的接头焊接接头承口的长度和直径应符合ASME B16.18或ASME B16.22铜管连接.工厂的组装件不包括.用以替换的活动软管和可弯曲的零件的末端螺纹接头应符合本标准的性能要求.4.6 残障设计任何用于残障设计的操作控制应(a)可自动控制或(b)符合下列要求：(i)可用一只手操作﹔(ii)不需手腕紧抓,捏或扭﹔(iii)要求操作的力不大于表2规定的数值.4.7 回流阻止装置应设计为防止由于回流造成饮用水污染,方式符合5.9节的适当的操作要求.装置上的分水和反虹吸装置应可拆下清洁,修理或替换.4.8 面板和装饰圆盘4.8.1台面安装式面盆和洗涤槽供水装置的面板应符合图1所示的尺寸,除4.8.2节所注明的.4.8.2隐藏式和台面安装供水装置的装饰圆盘应能覆盖一个不小于44mm(1.73in.)直径的环形区域.4.9 毒性4.9.1NSF/ANSI 61,第9节涉及的装置应符合该标准.4.9.2与饮用水接触的焊料和焊剂铅含量不应超过总量的0.2%;与饮用水接触的金属合金铅含量不超过8%.4.10 防冻龙头或给水栓防冻龙头或给水栓应符合本标准的性能要求,对于回流的要求,防冻龙头或给水栓应符合CAN/CSA-B64系列或ASSE 1019的性能要求.4.11 淋喷头,喷枪本体和手持花洒当用作淋喷头,喷枪本体和手持花洒的零部件时,流量限制镶嵌物在生产时应机械固定.对于此要求,机械固定意指移除流量限制镶嵌物要求36N(8.0lbf)或更大的力.此要求不适用于当流量限制镶嵌物移除时,会造成大面积泄漏的淋喷头,而不是从喷嘴面.4.12 交叉水流4.12.1任何水流控制装置应不能完全关水,当(a)装于水龙头或装置上﹔或(b)装于或与淋喷头或手持花洒成为个整体.4.12.2龙头或装置在能完全关闭水流的初始关闭阀门下游应有一个不可缺少的水流控制装置,在水龙头或装置上应安装有止逆阀防止交叉水流.这些止逆阀应符合5.5.3节描述的性能要求.4.13 装置的电子性能4.13.1概述具电子性能的装置应符合相应的CSA或UL标准,给具电子性能装置的电力供应应是低压线,供应的最高峰电位不能超过42.2V,供应为(a)一个电池电源;(b)一个符合CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 223,UL1310或UL1585标准要求的适当的二级低压变压器;或者(c)由一个变压器和固定的阻抗组合的元件,符合本节中(b)所规定的二级变压器所有性能要求.4.13.2 测试当用于连接一个管道装置时,一个电的管道控制器,包括螺线管阀在内,应(a)被认为是管道装置的零部件﹔(b)与装置一起测试﹔(c)符合5.6节的要求﹔在5.6节规定的寿命测试中替换电池不能视作测试失败.4.14 材料联接螺母,锁紧螺母,出水口固定螺母由下列材料制成：(a)最小铜含量为56%的铜合金﹔(b)300系列,400系列的不锈钢﹔(c)塑胶.4.15 温度控制自动补偿阀应(a)符合5.10节或ASSE 1016的要求.(b)一可调节的方式来限制设定装置以热位置.(c)可由用户调节.(d)具装置下游的水温不能调节的装置.4.16 沉淀和草坪龙头入水口与沉淀或草坪水龙头的斜度为1%,当连接到与水龙头进水口相同尺寸的标准重量,长度为1.2m(48 in.)的管道上,应排水至少为进水脚牙和管道容量的50%.。
SAE J2412测试标准SAE J2412标准介绍1. 范围1.1 SAE J2412标准规定了应用可控辐照度氙弧灯装置对各种类型的汽车内饰件进行加速暴露的试验方法。
1.2 是建立在SAE J1885试验参数的性能标准。
1.3 本标准不包括试验的持续时间，样品的制备，及性能的评价步骤，这些指标在不同的汽车制造厂商的材料说明中有所涉及。
1.4 合格的实验设备是通过SAE J1885认可的设备及计划来做SAE J2412试验的设备之间的材料试验比较来确定的。
要有一份明确的试验协议。
试验双方必须通过做材料试验来比较新的试验设备与先前认可的设备。
利害关系的一方要详细地规定试验协议的内容及所试验的材料。
在本试验方法出版公布时，委员会要以SAE J2413为编号，题目为“验证新的试验设备的草案”。
1.5 任何对本标准中试验方法的偏离，如过滤器的连接，必须获得试验双方同意2.参考2.1规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款，SAE的最新版本适用于本标准。
2.1.1 SAE 标准源自于SAE ，400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001SAE J1767 确定汽车内饰件材料色牢度的色差测量方法SAE J1885 应用可控辐照度水冷式氙弧灯装置对汽车内饰材料进行加速暴露的试验方法2.1.2 ASTM 标准源自于ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 ASTM D859 水中二氧化硅的测试方法ASTM D 4517使用无火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高纯度水中低浓度二氧化硅总量的试验方法ASTM G 113 有关非金属材料自然及人工气候老化试验的专门术语ASTM G 130 使用光谱辐射计校准窄带和宽带紫外辐射计的标准试验方法ASTM G 147 自然与人工气候老化试验用非金属材料的状态调节和处置标准操作规程ASTM G 151 在采用实验室光源的加速试验设备中对非金属材料进行暴露的标准操作规程ASTM G 155 对非金属材料进行暴露的氙弧灯装置标准操作规程2.1.3 相关的标准American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC)美国纺织化学师与印染师协会P.O. Box 12215,Research Triangle Park, Norht Carolina 27709AATCC 评价程序1AATCC L-2蓝色羊毛耐光标准织物AATCC L-4蓝色羊毛耐光标准织物3.定义3.1黑板温度计一种温度测量装置，涂有黑色涂层的传感器，在褪色/老化试验中，可以吸收大部分的辐射能量。
