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目录区域高等教育与区域经济的实证分析统计×××××指导老师×××中英文摘要摘要:随着我国经济区域化和高等教育区域化的出现，区域高等教育与区域经济的相互作用成为了研究的热点问题。

目前区域经济的非均衡发展是我国经济格局的主要标志。

为了加速发展经济，我国制定的经济发展战略是从区域经济的非均衡发展走向区域经济的均衡发展。

同时，伴随着区域经济的不平衡发展，区域高等教育的发展也极不平衡。

Abstract: With the appearances of regional economy and regional higher education of our country, the connection with regional economy and regional higher education becomes the hot question studied. The non- balanced development of the regional economy is a main sign of the economic pattern of our country at present. Keyword: Regional higher education Regional economy Analysis of variance一、引言什么是区域高等教育它对该地区的经济真的有显着的影响吗区域高等教育是指按地区划分成不同区域的高等教育，它的内涵重在区域内教育发展的特殊性及区域之间的差异性。

按新经济增长理论，知识是区域经济增长的决定性因素，知识的积累很大程度上取决于高等教育的发展。

附件1广西大学毕业设计（论文）任务书课题名称学院专业班级学号姓名指导教师（签名）年月日教研室主任（签名）年月日一、课题的内容和要求：（打印用16K打印，下页表格线应该打印出来）由指导教师或者指导的研究生填写或者按照老师的要求填写。

用五号宋体填写二、设计的技术要求与数据（或论文主要内容）：三、设计（论文）工作起始日期：自年月日起，至年月日止。

四、进度计划与应完成的工作：1-x周: 需要完成的工作（包括文献调研、实验阶段、论文撰写、答辩等阶段）五、主要参考文献、资料：不少于5篇，近5年内附件2广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）开题报告广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）进展情况记录.广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）进展情况记录(附件4--Ⅰ广西大学本科生(理、工、农、林科类)毕业设计（论文）工作指导教师评阅标准注：如属于论文形式，无设计图纸的，将第11项的评分项目分值加到12项中。

附件4--Ⅱ广西大学本科生（文科类）毕业论文工作指导教师评阅标准广西大学本科生(理、工、农、林科类)毕业设计（论文）评阅人评阅标准注：如属于论文形式，无设计图纸的，将第12项的评分项目分值加到13项中。

附件4--Ⅳ广西大学本科生（文科类）毕业论文评阅人评阅标准广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）工作评阅表（理、工、农、林科类，指导教师用）.注：如属于论文形式，无设计图纸的，将评分项目的第11项分值加到12项中。

附件5--Ⅱ广西大学本科生毕业论文工作评阅表（文科类，指导教师用）广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）评阅表（理、工、农、林科类，评阅人用）附件5--Ⅳ广西大学本科生毕业论文评阅表（文科类，评阅人用）附件5--Ⅴ广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）规范审查表（指导教师用）得分：注：1、根据《广西大学本科生毕业设计（论文）管理规定（2004年修订）》(校教字[2004]51号)第六条，出现以下违规情况之一的，作规范审查不合格处理：(1)请事假超过2周；(2)累计缺席超过总工作时间的25%；(3)发生重大违规事件；(4)有抄袭行为（四分之一以上的内容完整抄录其他资料）；(5)设计（论文）未按规范格式编制；(6)图表设计不符合相关标准；(7)设计（论文）等材料未按时、全部交齐。

Contrastive Study of Chinese andWestern Cultures from the Perspective ofDocumentaries themed in"China'sDevelopment"Wang WeiqianA Thesis Submitted asa Partial Fulfillment for the Degree ofB.A. in EnglishCollege of Foreign LanguagesHebei Normal Universityof Science and TechnologyMay 19th, 2016摘要改革开放以来，中国经济的突飞猛进，一路高歌吸引了世界的眼光。

"中国题材"的纪录片成为世界各国感兴趣的主题。

中国和外国都各自推出了记录中国近些年发展的纪录片。

目前国内外对纪录片的研究，几乎都限于纪录片的理论研究与创作研究，而研究中西纪录片展现的文化差异非常少见。

本文从叙事方法、叙事关注点、叙述者口吻表现出的差异性入手，对比中西方“中国发展”题材纪录片以探究差异的文化渊源。

通过对比发现: 西方“中国发展”题材纪录片叙事方法角度更广泛；叙事更关注于个体情况；叙事口吻平等化。

主要原因在于中西方文化价值观的差异。

中国农耕文化基础上的集中制导致中国人思想具有一元性特征，儒家思想使国人更追求集体主义价值取向。

相反，西方文化属于多元文化，受古希腊文明和两次思想解放运动深刻影响的西方个人主义则根植于西方人头脑中，他们更关注个人思想，注重个人独立。

关键词：中国发展；纪录片；文化差异AbstractSince the reform and opening up, the economyin China develops so quickly thatit draws the eyes of the world. And documentaries themed in China have bee very popular.China and the West both have launched the documentaries which narrate and elaborate the development of China because of the great achievement China made recent years .At present, domestic and foreign researches on documentary are almost about the theory of documentary and creation research while the contrastive studies of the Western and Chinese cultures from the perspective of documentary are relatively rare. This thesis intends to pare the western documentaries themed in "China's Development" to Chinese ones to analyze the culture diversity between the West and China from the aspect of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone. Based on contrastive study, it can be found that the western ones are more diverse in narrative method; they stress individualism and their narrative tones are equality-based while that of Chinese are authority-based. That can be accounted for the differences of Chinese and Western cultures. Chinese centralism based on the farming culture leads to monism in Chinese mind, and due to ancient clan and Confucianism, people pursue collectivism. On the contrary, the Western culture is characterized by multiculturalism, and individualism influenced by the ancient Greece thoughts and two ideological liberation movements is deeply rooted in westerners' minds. They attach importance to personal ideas and individual's independence.Key words:China's development; documentary; culture differenceTable of ContentsAbstract in ChineseiAbstractin EnglishiiI Introduction11.1 Statement of the problem11.2 Significance of the study11.3 Outline of the thesis2II Literature Review32.1 Researches abroad32.1.1 Definition of culture32.1.2 Studies of cultural values32.2 Researches in China42.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western cultures42.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of culture5 IIIContrastive Study of Chinese and Western Documentaries73.1 Narrative method73.1.1 Mono-angle73.1.2 Multi-angle83.2 Narrative focus93.2.1 Social group93.2.2 Personal situation93.3 Narrative tone103.3.1 Authority-based103.3.2 Equality-based11IV Cultural Analysis of Chinese and Western Documentaries124.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalism12 4.1.1 Monoculturalism124.1.2 Multiculturalism134.2 Collectivism/ Individualism134.2.1 Collectivism144.2.2 Individualism14V Conclusion16Bibliography18 Acknowledgements19Chapter One Introduction1.1 Statement of the problemDocumentary is not only a kind of television art form which records the rich and splendid culture, but also regarded as a part of human culture. Scholars have made a lot of contributions to the researches on documentary, and promoted the further prosperity of the documentary during the process of its naissance, development and evolution. However, the researches on the influence of cultural backgrounds and the national culture on the documentary are not sufficient, and even less concerning the contractive study of the Western and Chinese documentary culture.Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, China stands in the eyes of the world with the image of a giant, and a number of documentaries that themed in China's development are made. For the differences of the values and diverse culture patterns, there are great differences between Western and Chinese documentaries. That provides the question for this thesis: What are the distinctive culture differences from the perspective of Western and Chinese documentaries? The thesis takes two Chinese documentaries and two Western documentaries as examples to explore the cultural differences in aspects of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.1.2 Significance of the studyThe contrast between Chinese and Western culture has always been the problems for scholars to study, while it is original to explore the contrast from the angel of the documentary. Chinese mainstream media records and praises every aspect of the development in contemporary China. Meanwhile the West also shows an increasingly powerful China from its own perspective. And viewers can know the image of China in eyes of the Westerns, and have a preliminary understanding of the influence brought by cultural values on documentary. They can acquire a better understanding of differences Chinese and Western culture.1.3 Outline of the thesisThis thesis intends to study the Western and Chinese documentary from the perspective of cultural values. The whole passage can be divided in to five parts:The first chapter is the introduction, which involves the statement of the problem, the significance of the study and the outline of the thesis.In chapter two, it is the literature review which elaborates the studies on the value orientations, the contrastive researches on Western and Chinese culture and values and some cultural studies on documentary.Chapter three is to study the differences of Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China Development" from the perspective of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.In the fourth chapter, the author explores the cultural reasons of Chinese and Western documentaries.The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis, which involves the main findings and some questions requiring further studies.Chapter Two Literature ReviewThis chapter gives a general overview of the studies of Western and Chinese cultures and documentaries. It begins with western scholars' studies of culture. Then, it shows Chinese scholars' studies of the differences between Western and Chinese culture patterns and some cultural studies on the documentary.2.1 Researches abroadThe connotation and function of culture is the focus of culture studies. And this is a proposition in the face of all the parative cultural studies. What is more, for Chinese and Western scholars, value dimensions are used to measure the differences when paring the Western and Chinese cultures.2.1.1 Definition of cultureEdward. B. Taylor, Britain's famous anthropologist, is the first scholar to summarize and epitome the cultural phenomena from the angle of anthropology. In his Primitive Culture, he (1871) defines culture is "that plex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society"(qtd in Xu, 2009:17). Taylor's definition of culture is of great significance in the academic field, which opens up a broader field of vision for the study of culture.2.1.2 Studies of cultural valuesValues are closely related to culture. Therefore, unique values and orientations can be explored from different cultures. The study of values began in 1930s. So far, the research on the values of foreign scholars has been very rich. One classification of cultural patterns which has been very influential, is that of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's.Kluckhohn and Strodbeck singled out five values orientation from different cultures: Human Nature (people are regarded as basically good, evil, or mixed); Relationship to Nature (the relationship can be classified into three kind that humans over nature, nature over human, or harmony with nature); Sense ofTime (primary value placed on past/tradition, present/enjoyment, or future/posterity/delayed gratification); Activity (being, being/inner development, or doing/striving/industriousness); and Social Relationships (hierarchical, collateral/collective-egalitarian, or individualistic) (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). In Annals of Tourism Research, Leah Watkins & Juergen Gnoth (2011) presents explanation about the five values orientations: "Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five cultural assumptions together constitute a framework for understanding world-views. A world-view is a culture's orientation towards humanity, nature, the universe, life, death, and other philosophical issues that influence how we see the World."(p.1293).When paring Chinese and western value orientations, it is generally considered that "the traditional Western belief about Social Relationship is each person is seen as autonomous and separate" and "Members of individualist cultures value self-reliance" (Davis, 2006:191-192).2.2 Researches in ChinaMany Chinese scholars trend to directly apply the Kluckhohn and Strodbeck's Social Relationship value orientations to cross-cultural studies. Some studies investigate the diverse values in the contrast of Chinese and Western cultures. People who study the documentary gradually shift their attention from pure history and creation skills to the cultural elements contained in documentaries.2.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western culturesAccording to Professor Xu Xingyan, on the cultural form, Chinese culture is unified while western culture is diversified. China has been a strong independent agricultural nation from ancient times. Although there was nomadic culture at the same times, however, "It is only one side of the Chinese culture which can not change the basic nature of the Chinese culture based on farming". And ancient authoritarian rule was based on this kind of economy. Under the kind of economy and the ancient despotism, the unity of ideology is deeply rooted in the minds of people (Xu, 2009: 36-37).The western culture origins from ancient Greek and Roman culture, concentrated in the Mediterranean. And the territories of them are posed ofmany isolated islands. Agriculture in the islands is not as developed as the East River Basin, because of the lack of food, people need to buy from the coast of Egypt and the Black Sea, so the western mercial civilization developed. And the non slavery democratic politics was formed under this geographical conditions (ibid, :40) .According to Zhu Zhixian (1989) in Psychology Dictionary, values is defined as logic, science, art, moral, aesthetic, religious principles, beliefs and standard which promote and guide a person to take decisions and actions, and the core of a personal ideology (qtd. in Du, 2009:2). Professor Xu pares different concepts about human between Chinese and western cultures: Chinese culture adds importance to the social values of people and regards human as a member of a group. Whereas, the wills and value of the individual are emphasized in western culture. Jia Yuxin pares Chinese and Western values from the perspective of intercultural munication: "The unity of heaven and man is bound to lead to the group orientation as Dividedness Between Man and Nature definitely results in the orientation of individualism" (Jia, 1997:61)2.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of cultureSome scholars such as Hou Hong (2006) and Zhu Jinghe (2002) study the production or content of documentary. Differing from them, Zhang Hongjun (2006) discusses the documentary in point of culture. As a special cultural phenomenon, the image recording contains the material level, theoretical system and spiritual core. People determine their own pursuit, faith, and ideals with certain values, and judge their own behaviors with these values to determine their relationship with the world. So value orientation is an important standard to explore the culture of documentary.The documentary, which is dominated by the official consciousness and elite consciousness, is still a major part of China's image recording. And Zhang (2006) tries to give the cultural explanation to that phenomenon: The elite and privileged person are valued, whereas the monage and the populace are not put stress on because of the sense of hierarchy rooted in patriarchal clan system of traditional society, which has influenced Chinese society for a long time. What is more, the authoritarian nature of the social structure in ancient China brought about the political paradigm of Chinese culture. The elite and the privilege awareness of traditional consciousness affect mentality of Chinese butalso the characteristics of the Chinese documentary (p. 93). As for the implication of kindheartedness to Chinese documentary, the author regards humanism as the basic spirit of Chinese culture. But differing from Western humanism which emphasizes the individuals, Chinese humanism "T o put people in the state of harmony between man and nature... and to attach importance to the spiritual world of people" (ibid.:102)Chapter Three Contrastive Study of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesThis chapter chooses two Chinese documentaries The Great Course and The Road to Revival and two Western documentaries China, A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels as the research subjects to study the differences of Western and Chinese documentaries from the points of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.3.1 Narrative methodThe Chinese documentaries promote the image of China by displaying China's achievements, taking a sense of social responsibility and promotion of the theme as the main guiding ideology. Because of the impact of this concept, the Chinese documentaries which the thesis studies record the theme from a unitary perspective. On the contrary, the western documentaries themed in "China's development" are relatively concerned about more extensive perspectives and pay more specific attention to the content, so diverse ideas can be seen in the documentaries.3.1.1 Mono-angleThe Chinese documentaries themed in "China's development" are in keynote of praise. As national spokespeople, they usually use the magnificent frame, exciting events in China and infectious music to show the hardships of the development process and the splendid state of contemporary China from the view of the country. The main theme documentaries usually bear the responsibility of publicizing the achievement of the government to encourage people to contribute to the country. For example, The Great Course is connected with a voiceover mentary spoken by one person and several interviews, showing few different ideas from mon people. It introduces how the whole country took actions when China encountered SARS epidemic: "Facing the sudden outbreak of SARS, under leadership of the Central mittee of the munist Party of China, the State Council, the whole Party and the people unite as one,win the fight against SARS." That mentary intends to show firm and great confidence of the whole country to fight with the disease. But it does not dig out from more angles such as doctors' efforts or people's recovery. Actually, in most part of the two documentaries, general state of national development is introduced, showing the theme: "China's prosperity".3.1.2 Multi-angleThe western documentaries, differing from the Chinese ones, choose richer angle of views and themes. With a similar theme, voiceover and site soundbite intersperses with each other in the documentary China: A New Super Power.In addition to the collection of literature, this German documentary also interviews Chinese people from all walks of life, asking economists, military experts, political mentators, sociologists, writers, journalists, artists, engineers, businessmen and workers and so on about some of the issues in China's development. It affirms China's rapid economic growth: "China has bee a recognized power" and "being the second largest economy in the world". Meanwhile, it points out some problems in the development: The modernization of rural area construction lags behind the city. And the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers are still needed to improved, and Guo Yuhua, a socialist, expresses her worries about this phenomenon in the documentary.The documentary also points out that China has made a huge effort to enhance education and scientific research: "China is being one of the world's leading think-tank step by step. Though education level is improved, the children of migrant workers do not enjoy equal right to receive education." In summary, the Western documentaries not only explain the development from the aspect of economy, but also from aspects of politics, military, education, science and technology and so on. What's more, both documentaries ---China,A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels choose to interview many Chinese to realize the sate of China and describe the development with diverse angles to show the objectivity. In this way, the subject is enriched with plentiful materials, so the objectivity and diversity of perspectives increase. Indeed, there are some unjust ments and prejudice in the whole video, but they are not discussed in this thesis.3.2 Narrative focusThe two Chinese documentaries are also distinct from the western one in terms of the narrative focus. The Chinese ones trends to show the concern to the whole society while the Western ones tend to focus on personal situation. "Humanismis aphilosophicalandethicalstance that emphasizes the value andagencyofhuman beings" according to Wiki, and generally, it emphasizes people's dignity, encourages liberal views and advocates the equality. Blue ocean civilization gives birth to the Western independence, equality, individual spirit, while the farming civilization has made the Chinese people form a collective ideology of unity and struggle.3.2.1 Social groupIn terms of value orientation, China, as an eastern country, belongs to collectivism which pays attention to the interests of the group and individual social value. Clan, country, the thought of collectivism affects the creation of documentary in the country. In terms of the theme of "China's development", the Chinese documentaries stress on social responsibility, the sense of belonging to the organization and the spirit of collectivism. There are only a few interviews of the mon people in the documentaries. And when one is interviewed, he is not the representative of himself but the spokesman of his group. Taking an example, when talking about developing rural area, a farmer Hua Fangping in Pinghu Village being interviewed in The Great Course said: "Now the urban and rural areas are integrating, I think we live in the same level as citizens, and we have been able to catch up with them". What he said is not only about the life of himself, but also represents the entire villager of Pinghu. And it even indicates that many rural areas are showing a new look. This is a typical "group" value: To show a group through the individuals.3.2.2 Personal situationWestern directors focus on the personal liberal spirit, emphasizing the ideas of the individuals. In the Western documentaries, people from all walks of life are interviewed, and each is the representative of himself. In the British documentary China on Four Wheels,the situation after the earthquake in Sichuan is recorded. It focuses on the living situation and emotional state ofMrs. Li and her students after the earthquake in Wenchuan, paying attention to the change of their feelings to show their personal situations. There is neither evaluation of post disaster reconstruction nor the life state of the whole victims after Wenchuan earthquake. China, A New Super Power prises a series of interviews with more than 20 Chinese people. It is the personal ideas but not the mass views that occupy an important position. These examples show the narrative focus of the Western documentaries trend to single person instead of a group.3.3 Narrative toneThe Chinese documentaries recording the development are also distinct from the western ones in terms of tone of the narrator. The Chinese narrator is in an authoritative tone while the Western one is based on equality.3.3.1 Authority-basedIt is easy to find out that when narrating the serious theme of the development of contemporary China, the Chinese narrators maintain an official, authoritative image in the documentary. And the documentary publicizes its mainstream ideology and manages to educate the audience. There is part of the reason that documentary is influenced by a concept named "Visual Politics" which derives from the Soviet Union. Besides, Chinese collectivism which attaches importance to authority, can also account for the authority-based tone. On study of the two Chinese documentaries The Road to Revival and The Great Course, the producers describe the development of China with a convincing and earnest attitude in an authoritative tone, especially in The Great Course. When it introduces the acplishments of China's aerospace industry, the narrator says: "‘Shenzhou' and ‘Chang E' symbolize the new state of the Chinese nation on the way to the revival; It shows the world that the independent innovation is the soul of the national progress in a convincing way; Science and technology progress is the powerful engine to promote the country to take off." This truth is told to the audience directly by the narrator rather than found by the audience. Therefore, the audience is placed in the position of listeners. Based on the tone of authority, both documentaries manage to mould their audience with the patriotism feelings and social responsibility.3.3.2 Equality-basedAudience and narrator usually have equal status in western documentaries. The Western documentary producers usually regard themselves as participants in the event during the process of shooting. They are more like explorers and discoverers, intending to explore the secrets and let the life speak itself naturally and sincerely. So western documentaries are closer to audience and appeal to them to show their respect for the viewers. The China on Four Wheels is a typical western documentary which is very different from the Chinese one. In the lens of the documentary, the narrators do not take an official view to observe China. Justin and Anita, the presenters, drive themselves throughout China in order to experience the great changes China has made. Anita walks along the eastern part of China to observe the prosperous side of China while Justin walks along the western to experience the poor side. They attempt to talk with native people to realize the current situation of their lives. Justin goes around ancient Feng Huang Town to capture what Miao, a minority nationality's life is like. In his lens, Feng Huang has been a tourist resort where many tourists flood in for its characteristic culture. According to his native tour guide, tourism improves Miao People's lives' level here: "We are much better now". But he wonders what life is like in remoteneither interviews any officials nor uses official literature but just record what theysee and experience. In this way, the documentary satisfies the audience's curiosity with an equality-based tone. And the audience can see a real China through therecorders' eyes.Chapter Four Cultural Analysis of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesIn this chapter, the author analyzes the culture origins that lead to the differences of the Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China's Development".4.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalismChina culture is unified, while western culture is diversified (Xu, 2009). Monoculturalism is the practice of actively preserving a national culture via the exclusion of external influences while Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single jurisdiction according to Wiki. These two different forms of culture lead to different narrative methods.4.1.1 MonoculturalismChinese civilization was originated from the Yongzi River and Huanghe River. In the vast land, "the river crisscross, the climate is damp and warm, the product is abundant..." (Xu, 2009:34). It provides great soil to develop agriculture which dominated the ancient Chinese economy. What is more, there is extensive desert in the northern frontier, high mountain chains and forest in the southwest being the obstruction which made it difficult to contact with other countries in ancient time. What is more, the ancient rulers advocated physiocracy, which led to the poor exchanges between our country and other countries. Therefore, traditional culture develops along the direction of its own, having a style of its own. China is basically in a unified and centralized state since it entered the civilized society, and the period was very short when there was a split. Under the despotism, the thinking "The land belongs to the king, people all over the word are the king's servants" rooted in people's minds and the Confucianism which advocated the authority dominated people's thought. Generally speaking, monoculturalism is formed because of the monism of economy, politics and thinking in ancient China. So in the Chinesedocumentaries, the current development is introduced from a general view, introducing the prosperous or positive aspects. As is recorded in Road to the Revival, the mentary makes a general introduction to the fight with the SARS without details from other angles. Both Chinese documentaries publicize one theme: China's power and prosperity.4.1.2 MulticulturalismWestern civilization is different from Chinese civilization. Xu says: "ship of the Western culture was born in the blue sea." The main representative of Western civilization, Roman and Greece are located in Mediterranean, and their territories were dotted with Islands. The narrow land, poor soil and the dry and hot climate in the summer form the environment which is not suitable for growing grain, so the food production are not even self-sufficient. Some densely populated cities such as Athens, purchased grain from the Black Sea coast and Egypt. Thus, business culture was developed in the West. Due to the geographical and economic features of the place, the West formed democracy which was applied to citizens. Owing to the mercial foundation and democratic political conditions, cultural diversity came into being. The world is divided, showing plural patterns to the islands residents. The influence of the multiculturalism can be found in the Western documentaries: They collect the views of Chinese people from all walks of life in order to show a current situation of China. They manage to record China's development from richer angles: economy, politics and so on. It is no doubt that the massive materials and the various perspectives are influenced by the cultural diversity in the West.4.2 Collectivism/ IndividualismDocumentary, as a kind of image culture, is bound to imply some values. Kluckhohn (1961) defined value as: "A conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of action. People's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold". Kluchohn and Stodtbeck advanced five values orientations. In aspect of social relationship, they classify it into three types: Hierarchy, Group and Individual. "Generally。

毕业论文示例
第一章：引言
在一个学生的学术生涯中，毕业论文是一个重要的里程碑。

这篇论文代表着学生对所学知识的深入理解和研究成果的展示。

本文将以一个毕业论文的示例展示如何准确满足论文的要求和格式规定。

第二章：文献综述
2.1 历史背景和前人研究
2.2 相关理论和观点
2.3 本研究的研究目标和研究问题
第三章：研究方法
3.1 研究方法的选择和理论基础
3.2 数据收集方法和实验设计
3.3 数据分析方法和数据处理过程
第四章：研究结果和讨论
4.1 结果呈现
4.2 结果解读和讨论
4.3 结果与前人研究的对比和分析
第五章：结论
通过对前人研究的综述、研究方法的选择和实施、研究结果和讨论的展示，本文得出结论。

结论应概括地回答研究问题，并提出进一步的研究方向和建议。

参考文献
[1] 引用文献1
[2] 引用文献2
[3] 引用文献3
附录
附录A：调查问卷
附录B：实验数据
以上所示为一篇毕业论文的示例，该论文按照引言、文献综述、研究方法、研究结果和讨论、结论等章节的顺序进行写作。

对于每个章节，主要内容进行了简明扼要的描述。

请注意，本文中并未使用"小节一"、"小标题"等词语来标明各章节的标题。

同时，参考文献的引用方式按照规范的格式进行标注。

希望这个示例对你写作毕业论文有所帮助，祝你的毕业论文顺利完成！。

谢谢关注
结论是毕业论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。

其基本的要点就是总结全文，
加深题意。

6、谢辞：简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会，并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。

7、参考文献：在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料，所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。

8、注释：在论文写作过程中，有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。

9、附录：对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入附录中。

谢谢关注。

毕业论文打印格式样板示意以下依次为封面、扉页、摘要、abstract、目录、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献、附录等的格式要求示意。

分类号 学校代码 密 级学号毕业（设计）论文—姓名 王 鹏 指导教师专业院系论文提交日期湖北文理学院理工学院学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。

对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。

本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。

作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

本人授权湖北文理学院理工学院可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。

保密□，在年解密后适用本授权书。

本学位论文属于不保密□。

（请在以上相应方框内打“√”）日日居环境。

而筑就是通过单纯的几何块块的垒加的形式，去创造一种同时具有抽象性和具象性的大型建筑式陶瓷雕塑。

运用它既能把居室陶瓷小摆设用于室外，又能够扩展陶瓷在建筑上的广泛幅度。

本论文突破了以往对雕塑语言的研究方式，而侧重于对“筑”的研究，它从建筑语言﹑雕塑语言与陶瓷语言的融合对“筑”进行了系统的分析。

这实际上是一个涉及面很广的课题，论文只是尽力把握住显示有关三者交汇的主要内容，并且通过对大量的实例进行归纳和整理，分别总结了三者与砖之间的形态构成方式。

Abstractdemand for improving human environment by work of art is imminent. By simply superposing geometric blocks, “ZHU ”creates simultaneously abstract as wellas representational, large-scale architectural ceramic sculptures. It can make living-room bibelot used outdoors, and extend the ceramic range of use in architectural field.This paper breaks through traditional mode of study, and emphasizes particularly on the research of ZHU. By combining the architectural language, sculptural language with ceramiclanguage, it analyzes ZHU systemically. Actually, the problem is extensively broad. This paper only endeavors to handle the main content of these three aspects, and induces a large number of instances. It summarizes separately the shape-composing mode between this three aspects and bricks.Keywords: architecture sculpture ceramic brick ceramic laying block目录摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)1 引言 (1)1.1论文研究的目的与意义 (1)1.2本研究主题范围内国内外已有的文献综述 (1)1.3本文所要解决的问题 (1)1.4概念的界定与研究方法 (1)2 以“岁寒三友”图为媒介的原因综述 (3)2.1“岁寒三友”是象征意义根植于传统的儒家思想 (3)2.2社会历史氛围造就了“岁寒三友” (4)2.3“岁寒三友”图适宜于用作装饰题材 (4)3 传统绘画的“岁寒三友图”与青花装饰是“岁寒三友图”比较 (6)3.1传统绘画和青花装饰在笔墨意趣、色彩表现等方面存在相似处 (6)3.2 传统绘画和青花装饰在细节处理、形态刻画等方面存在更多的差异处 (7)4使传统绘画和青花装饰两者之间产生差异的原因 (13)4.1传统绘画与青花装饰在功能和任务上的不同造就了二者的差异13 4.2传统绘画与青花装饰载体的不同 (16) (18)20 (22) (23)法国作家福楼拜说：“越往前进，艺术越要科学化，同时科学也要艺术化，两者从基底分手，回头又在塔尖结合。

浅谈商务英语在对外贸易中的应用摘要:中国是世界经济发展的动力源，也是WTO重要组成部分，生产与经营的各方面都与世界接轨。

随着我国与各国经济贸易合作趋势日趋频繁，商务英语在对外贸易中的应用也随之增多，其重要性也日趋突出。

我们可以通过商务英语获取商业知识，还可以用商务英语开展其他有效的工作。

本文通过分析商务英语的内涵和特点，探讨商务英语在对外贸易中的应用。

关键词:商务英语；对外贸易；应用1．商务英语的概念1.1商务英语的内涵“商务英语”顾名思义,包含着语言（“英语"）与业务（“商务”)两个方面。

“商务”指使用英语的商务工作人员所从事的商务活动和商务环节的总称,是传播的内容;“英语"是传播的媒介;“商务”与“英语”不应是简单相加的关系,而应是有机融合。

当然，商务英语的语言基础是建立在普通英语的基础上，从整体上来说，商务英语的知识包括英语语音、语法、词汇、语篇和跨文化知识以及商务有关的国际货物贸易、服务贸易、技术贸易、国际合作，WTO法规和国际经济法、国际贸易法和一个可交易手段，既以internet为支持的网络通讯和多媒体技术手段.商务英语的技能包括听、说、读、写等语言交际技能，对于自己来说，还应包括英、汉互译技能，平时工作生活中都得到了普遍的应用。

一般来说, 商务英语是指人们在商务活动(Business Activity ) 中所使用的英语，在西方国家通常称Business English。

80 年代, 在我国商务英语主要用于对外贸易，因而又称为外贸英语（Foreign Trade English）。

现在随着经济发展的日益全球化，中国将在更广阔的领域、更深的层次融入国际经济生活，我们在经济、文化、教育等领域内的对外交流与合作日趋频繁。

现代商务英语已赋予了它新的概念，不应特指我国对外贸易业务英语，它还应涵盖我国人民在各个领域、各个层面的对外交往活动中所作的英语应用，现代商务英语的内涵和外延已得到扩展，就好比现实生活中普通的对外交流也可以说是商务英语的一部分。

毕业设计论文总结万能模板毕业设计论文总结万能模板(5篇)毕业设计总结是毕业生的重要作品之一，通过总结，可以客观地评估自己的综合能力与专业水平，为今后的应聘或升学提供根据。

今天小编在这给大家整理了一些毕业设计论文总结万能模板，就让我们一起来看看吧！毕业设计论文总结万能模板篇1随着毕业日子的到来，毕业设计也接近了尾声。

经过几周的奋战我的毕业设计最后完成了。

在没有做毕业设计以前觉得毕业设计只是对这几年来所学知识的单纯总结，但是透过这次做毕业设计发现自我的看法有点太片面。

毕业设计不仅仅是对前面所学知识的一种检验，而且也是对自我潜力的一种提高。

透过这次毕业设计使我明白了自我原先知识还比较欠缺。

自我要学习的东西还太多，以前老是觉得自我什么东西都会，什么东西都懂，有点眼高手低。

透过这次毕业设计，我才明白学习是一个长期积累的过程，在以后的工作、生活中都就应不断的学习，努力提高自我知识和综合素质。

在这次毕业设计中也使我们的同学关系更进一步了，同学之间互相帮忙，有什么不懂的大家在一齐商量，听听不一样的看法对我们更好的理解知识，所以在那里十分感谢帮忙我的同学。

我的心得也就这么多了，总之，不管学会的还是学不会的的确觉得困难比较多，真是万事开头难，不明白如何入手。

最后最后做完了有种如释重负的感觉。

此外，还得出一个结论：知识务必透过应用才能实现其价值！有些东西以为学会了，但真正到用的时候才发现是两回事，所以我认为只有到真正会用的时候才是真的学会了。

在此要感谢我的指导老师____对我悉心的指导，感谢老师给我的`帮忙。

在设计过程中，我透过查阅超多有关资料，与同学交流经验和自学，并向老师请教等方式，使自我学到了不少知识，也经历了不少艰辛，但收获同样巨大。

在整个设计中我懂得了许多东西，也培养了我独立工作的潜力，树立了对自我工作潜力的信心，相信会对今后的学习工作生活有十分重要的影响。

而且大大提高了动手的潜力，使我充分体会到了在创造过程中探索的艰难和成功时的喜悦。

会计毕业论文范文8000字1许多会计专业毕业的同学会咨询小编一个问题，就是会计毕业论文，这个历届大学生心中永远的痛，今天小编就为大家带来一片会计毕业论文，供大家阅读参考。

论文最好能建立在平日比较注意探索的问题的基础上，写论文主要是反映学生对问题的思考，详细内容请看下文会计的毕业论文。

现代财务会计理论认为会计的首要职能是核算职能，会计的核算职能可以理解为公司组织内部化职能。

会计核算按照账务处理程序可以理解为自取得原始凭证开始，编制记账凭证，登记会计账簿，填制会计报表的过程。

会计核算可以认为是公司主体利用货币计量，综合反映各单位的经济活动情况，为公司的利益相关者譬如债权人、潜在投资者等主体的决策提供可靠的会计信息，这些信息主要涵盖公司财务状况、经营成果、现金流量方面，所以公司会计主体信息披露的方式和质量将直接影响到市场契约达成的效率和效果。

一、会计信息披露及质量会计随着企业组织所有权和经营权的分离，在弥补市场交易主体信息不对称方面的作用逐步加强。

现实市场环境中，公司与利益相关者之间存在一定程度的信息不对称，利益相关者无法掌握和知悉公司的真实经营和财务状况，为了减少这种信息不对称，利益相关者会充分收集、挖掘、整理公司会计主体的财务会计信息。

一般认为，公司的利益相关者主要包括债权人、潜在投资者、供应商等。

公司的债权人最关心公司的偿债能力，通过对偿债信息的搜集，完成对债务人长、短期债务到期履约能力的评价，以便确定合适的借款利率及担保条款;潜在投资者一般密切关注公司的获利能力和发展前景，希望通过投资获得超额的资本利得和分红收益;大多数公司都要谨慎处理与供应商的关系，供应商对自己的信赖程度会影响到货款还款期限、现金折扣等方面的优惠程度，而这些方面的优惠幅度也取决于供应商对购货公司财务综合实力的判断。

公司利益相关者能否及时获得这些信息，直接取决于会计主体的财务会计信息披露的主动性和自愿程度，而公司会计主体高质量的财务信息披露能够提高利益相关者决策判断的准确性，从而降低其决策风险。