Unit 4 Earthquakes(笔记)

Unit 4 Earthquakes 1.Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. 河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。 were happening是过去进行时,要注意,瞬间动词也可用于进行时,表示重复性的行为。有时与频度副词always, constantly, forever, all the time连用，这时候,现在进行时是可表示“赞扬,惊奇,讨厌” 等感情色彩,带有较强的交际功能性。例如: The little girl is jumping again and again on the bed.这个小女孩在床上蹦来蹦去。 Tony is always getting to school first.托尼总是第一个来学校。 2.Farmers' wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. 农妇们注意到,水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝。 句中的cracks in them指在井壁上的裂缝。此处要用介词in,表示“在……上面”。再如:the window in the wall, a hole in the wood, a wound in the leg,等等。 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。 句中的looking...是现在分词短语,在句中作伴随状语,同时表示目的意味。例如: Stephen wrote me a letter telling me he would come here on Tuesday. 斯蒂芬写信告诉我他准备星期二来这儿。 4. rescue vt. 援救；营救 n. 营救；援救 rescue sb. from 把某人从……中营救出来 He rescued a child from drowning. 他救了一名落水儿童。 Some medical teams joined to go to the rescue of Mianyang people. 几只医疗队加入去营救绵阳的人们。 5. trap (trapped; trapped; trapping) vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境；圈套 trap sb. into 把某人诱入圈套 Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. 塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。 She led him into a trap. 她诱骗他中了圈套。 6.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night. 但是,唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事,当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。 who thought...是非限制性定语从句,修饰people; thought little of意为“没有把……当回事,轻视；不考虑……”。as usual 像“通常一样”。 7.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了 剖析：everywhere they looked是表示方位的状语从句,意为“每个他们所看的地方”。例如: Everywhere you are, don't forget to write me a letter.你每到一个地方,都要给我写一封信。 8. lie vi. (lay, lain, lying) 躺；被平放；位于；处于某种状态 lie vi. (lied, lied, lying) 说谎 We were lying on the grass when it began to rain. 雨下起来时我们正躺在草坪上。 There were a few books lying on the desk. 桌子上放着几本书。 The snow lay thick on the roof. 屋顶上积着厚厚的雪。 【知识拓展】lay (laid, laid, laying) vt. 放下；搁下；下蛋；产卵 The boy lying under the tree lied to his mother that the cock laid two eggs. 躺在树下的男孩对他妈妈撒谎说公鸡下了两个蛋。 9. All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。 这句话的主语是两个百分数——75%和90%。要注意百分数或分数作主语,谓语的数要与它连用的名词一致。比如,这句话中were要与factories和homes一致；gone在此句中是形容词,意为“失去的”。 由“some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语做主语时，谓语的单复数由of 后面的名词决定。 ① A lot of students are waiting outside. 许多学生在外面等着。 ② More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球表面百分之七十被水覆盖着。 10.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地。 red autumn作定语,多个定语的顺序一般是:指示代词/物主代词/定冠词+序数词+基数词+描绘性形容词+大小+形状+新旧（年龄）+颜色+出处+材料+用途/类别/性质+作定语的名词或动名词+名词。red autumn中的red指颜色,autumn指时令季节,属于类别。例如: a small round table 一张小圆桌；a tall gray building 一座灰色的高楼 11.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电都很难弄到。 本句中的hard是形容词,意为“艰难的”,后面要接to do的主动形式,但实际上表示被动意思。具有相同用法的形容词还有:easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, impossible, important, comfortable, interesting, funny, pleasant, good, nice, bitter, sweet, fit, heavy, hot等。例如: This kind of mushrooms isn’t fit to eat.这种蘑菇不适合吃。 His lesson is pleasant to listen to.他的课听起来令人愉快。 12.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 该句是部分否定句式,这句话也可说成:Not all hope was lost.在否定句只要有all, both, always, every合成词等,这个句子即为部分否定句。 All bamboo doesn't grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。 Both of them haven't read this story. = Not both of them have read this story. 并非他们两个都读过这个故事。 Not every man is honest. = Every man is not honest. 并不是每个人都诚实。 当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词与谓语的肯定式连用来表示。例如： None of these things are mine.这些东西都不是我的。 Nobody agrees with you. 没有人会同意你。 13.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 救援人员组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。 dig out表示“掘出”；were trapped 意为“被困在……里面”；the dead 属于“the+形容词/现在分词/过去分词”现象,表示“死了的人”,是集合名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如: the poor(穷人),the rich(富人),the living(活着的人),the wounded(受伤的人) 14. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲,他们都认为你的那篇是今年收到的演讲稿中最好的一篇。 five judges指“五个评委”；all of whom引导非限制性定语从句,在语意上相当于all of them。 I interviewed the three students, all of whom had got the scholarship for this year. 我采访了这三个学生,他们都获得了今年的奖学金。 15.关系代词的用法 1）that 既指人，又指物，在从句当中作主语或宾语。 ① This is the book that I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。 ② Tom is the only one of the guests that comes from the USA.