高中英语语法精讲精练---名词性从句
- 格式:doc
- 大小:47.50 KB
- 文档页数:10
高中英语语法精讲精练----名词性从句
一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。
1) What he is goingto doisnot clear.
2) Who will be our monitor hasn’t beendecided yet.
宾语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语,那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
1)Jack saidthat he hadsomething important to do.
2)I want to know if/whether thereisa trainto Beijing.
表语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
同位语从句:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词,如news,idea,fact,word(消息),qu
estion,thought,doubt,order,promise,hope,message,information
等的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。
1) Theywere allvery muchworried over the fact that you were sic k.
2)Where didyougetthe idea that I could not come?
3) Earlyin the day came the news that Germany had declared war
onRussia.
【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
☆定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内
容。
换而言之:
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关
系。
区别:Galileo collected facts__B___theEarth goes round the sun.
Galileo collected facts__D___ proved theEarth goes round the sun.
A.which B.thatC.of which D. Aand B
【考点点拨】
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
☆Mysuggestion isthat we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
☆This is ouronly requestthat this(should)be settled as soonaspossible.
这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。
此类词有:
一“坚持” insist
二“命令” order,command
三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)
四“要求”require, request,desire, demand
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词:
1.从属连词that,if和whether。that在句中无实际意义,只起连接作用,但不可以省略;if不可以用于句首。
Whether he’llcomehere isn’t clear.
Hetold us that they wouldhelp us though thewhole work.
2. 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever, whatever,whichever等。
Whoevercomes iswelcome.
Whatconcernsme mostis whowill bemy teacher nextterm.
3. 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeve
r等。
None of usknows wherethese new books canbebought.
Thequestion under discussion iswhere we will hold themeeting.
[注意] 不能使用if的情况
a.主语从句ﻫb. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
d.介词后的宾语从句
e.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if todo.
f.与ornot 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
1.______ he wants is abook.
2.______he wants to go thereis obvious.ﻫ3.We should pay attentio nto______ theteacherissaying.
4.He told us______ he felt ill.
5. The result is ______wewon thegame.ﻫ6. This is _____ we want to know.ﻫ7.I have no idea _____ he didthatafternoon.
8. The fact______ sheworkshard is well known to us all.
练习:if / whether
1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.I don’tknow ___________ he is well or not.
3.___________ we will hold a party inthe open air tomorrowdepends on theweather.
4.It hasn't beendecided____________ we shall attend the meeting.
5.We’reworried about________he is safe.
6.The question is_________he should do it.