高中英语语法精讲精练---名词性从句

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高中英语语法精讲精练----名词性从句

一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。

1) What he is goingto doisnot clear.

2) Who will be our monitor hasn’t beendecided yet.

宾语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语,那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。

1)Jack saidthat he hadsomething important to do.

2)I want to know if/whether thereisa trainto Beijing.

表语从句:如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。

The trouble is that I have lost his address.

同位语从句:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词,如news,idea,fact,word(消息),qu

estion,thought,doubt,order,promise,hope,message,information

等的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。

1) Theywere allvery muchworried over the fact that you were sic k.

2)Where didyougetthe idea that I could not come?

3) Earlyin the day came the news that Germany had declared war

onRussia.

【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别

☆定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内

容。

换而言之:

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关

系。

区别:Galileo collected facts__B___theEarth goes round the sun.

Galileo collected facts__D___ proved theEarth goes round the sun.

A.which B.thatC.of which D. Aand B

【考点点拨】

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:

☆Mysuggestion isthat we (should) start early tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

☆This is ouronly requestthat this(should)be settled as soonaspossible.

这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。

此类词有:

一“坚持” insist

二“命令” order,command

三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)

四“要求”require, request,desire, demand

二、名词性从句连接词的选用

名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词:

1.从属连词that,if和whether。that在句中无实际意义,只起连接作用,但不可以省略;if不可以用于句首。

Whether he’llcomehere isn’t clear.

Hetold us that they wouldhelp us though thewhole work.

2. 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever, whatever,whichever等。

Whoevercomes iswelcome.

Whatconcernsme mostis whowill bemy teacher nextterm.

3. 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeve

r等。

None of usknows wherethese new books canbebought.

Thequestion under discussion iswhere we will hold themeeting.

[注意] 不能使用if的情况

a.主语从句ﻫb. 表语从句

c. 同位语从句

d.介词后的宾语从句

e.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if todo.

f.与ornot 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.

1.______ he wants is abook.

2.______he wants to go thereis obvious.ﻫ3.We should pay attentio nto______ theteacherissaying.

4.He told us______ he felt ill.

5. The result is ______wewon thegame.ﻫ6. This is _____ we want to know.ﻫ7.I have no idea _____ he didthatafternoon.

8. The fact______ sheworkshard is well known to us all.

练习:if / whether

1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.

2.I don’tknow ___________ he is well or not.

3.___________ we will hold a party inthe open air tomorrowdepends on theweather.

4.It hasn't beendecided____________ we shall attend the meeting.

5.We’reworried about________he is safe.

6.The question is_________he should do it.