CONTRACT FOR IRON ORE FINES02

散货船装载易流态化货物运输王春营(中远海运船员管理有限公司天津分公司天津300450)摘要：文章从易流态化货物含水量、流动水分点、适运水分极限、含水量测试程序，以及IMSBC CODE中列明的、常见的几种易流态化货物对船舶运输的影响进行分析，规范了船舶装载易流态化货物操作流程，建立了风险评估和风险管理有效机制，确保船舶运输安全。

关键词：易流态化货物含水量流动水分点适运水份极限含水量测试装载操作0引言近年来装载易流态化货物的船舶越来越多，已不限于专用运输船了，散货船装载越来越多且大型化。

因散货船装载运输易流态化货物而引起的倾覆事故频繁发生，引起了航运界的高度关注，迫切地需要制定船舶装载易流态化货物操作规范，确保船舶运输安全。

1含水量、流动水分点和适运水份极限含水量(MC,Moisture Content),系指代表性样品中由水分、冰或其它液体构成的部分，按样品湿重总量的百分比计。

流动水分点(FMP,Flow Moisture Point),系指使物质的代表性样品在规定的试验过程中产生液态的含水量百分比(按湿重计)。

易流态化货物的适运水份极限(TML, Transportable Moisture Limit),系指易流态化货物在不满足特别规定的船舶中运输时，公认为安全的最大含水量。

其值可按流动水分点在流盘试验等符合规定的测试程序得出，或按港口有关当局认可的等效试验所得出数据算出。

适运水份极限是对易流态化货物是否适于海上运输进行界定的一个参数，如果货物的实际含水量超过其适运水份极限，则在运输过程中就会发生液态化，影响船舶运输安全。

易流态化货物的适运水份极限与其流动水分点密切相关，通常适运水份极限是流动水分点的90%,而易流态化货物的流动水分点又受很多因素影响，其中包括：颗粒大小、颗粒形状、颗粒表面的光洁程度、矿粉密度、灰尘含量等。

所以，不同收稿日期：2020-11-18作者简介：王春营(1975-),男，天津市人，甲类船长，现从事船舶驾驶及管理工作。

2021年·130·矿产综合利用Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources加拿大精粉的烧结性能研究孟利建，董复明，刘金涛，田铁磊，张硕（华北理工大学冶金与能源学院 河北省现代冶金技术重点实验室，河北 唐山 063009）摘要：针对一种非主流粉-加拿大精粉的烧结性能进行了研究。

研究结果表明，加拿大精粉的同化性高，流动性指数较好，粘结相强度较高，可以与适量的PB 粉进行互相替代。

以此为基础对加拿大精粉的配矿方案进行了烧结杯实验，结果表明，烧结配加10%左右的加拿大精粉后，烧结指标良好。

关键词：加拿大精粉；烧结；冶金性能doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2021.01.022中图分类号：TD989 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6532（2021）01-0130-04收稿日期：2019-10-15；改回日期：2019-11-16作者简介：孟利建（1997-），男，学生，研究方向为冶金节能及资源综合利用技术研究。

通讯作者：田铁磊(1984-)，男，讲师，博士研究生，主要从事冶金节能及资源综合利用方面的研究。

随着钢铁产能的过剩，钢铁企业市场面临着严峻考验，如何增强企业的竞争力，提高企业的盈利能力及降低生产成本就显得尤为重要，而降本增效的关键在于烧结原料成本，一般原料成本占烧结矿成本的80%左右[1]。

因此，为了降低烧结成本，优化烧结配矿结构，同时也为了拓展铁矿石资源配置，应提高性价比较高的非主流矿使用比例。

非主流矿一般具有粒度不均匀且偏细，有害元素多，吸水性差等特点[2]，尤其是加拿大精粉亲水性弱、制粒差。

因此，应确定合理配比，以降低配加加拿大精粉带来的不利影响。

鉴于此，本试验开展了不同配比的加拿大精粉对烧结工艺参数及烧结矿冶金性能的影响研究，确定了加拿大精粉适宜配比，同时也为钢铁企业大规模使用加拿大精粉奠定理论基础。

钢铁厂常用英文词组汇总一、炼焦 coking高温炭化 high temperature carbonization塑性成焦机理 plastic mechanism of coke formation中间相成焦机理 mesophase mechanism of coke formation 选煤 coal preparation, coal washing酉己煤 coal blending配煤试验 coal blending test炼焦煤 coking coal气煤 gas coal肥煤 fat coal瘦煤 lean coal焦炉 coke oven焦化室 oven chamber焦饼 coke cake结焦时间coking time周转时间cycle time装煤 coal charging捣固装煤 stamp charging推焦 coke pushing焦炭熄火 coke quenching干法熄焦 dry quenching of coke焦台 coke wharf装煤车 larry car推焦机 pushing machine拦焦机coke guide熄焦车 quenching car焦炉焖炉 banking for coke oven焦炭coke冶金焦 metallurgical coke铸造焦 foundry coke焦炭工业分析 proximate analysis of coke焦炭元素分析 ultimate analysis of coke焦炭落下指数 shatter index of coke焦炭转鼓指数drum index of coke焦炭热强度 hot strength of coke焦炭反应性 coke reactivity焦炭反应后强度 post-reaction strength of coke 焦炭显微强度 microstrength of coke焦炉煤气coke oven gas发热值 calorific value煤焦油coal tar粗苯 crude benzol苯 benzene甲苯 toluene二甲苯 xylene苯并吠喃-茚树脂 coumarone-indene resin精萘 refined naphthalene精蒽 refined anthracene煤［焦油］沥青 coal tar pitch沥青焦 pitch coke针状焦 needle coke型焦 formcoke耐火材料 refractory materials耐火粘土 fireclay高岭土 kaolin硬质粘土 flint clay轻质粘土 soft clay陶土 pot clay蒙脱石 montmorillonite叶蜡石 pyrophyllite膨润土 bentonite鳞石英tridymite方石英 cristobalite砂岩 sandstone耐火石firestone莫来石mullite氧化铝alumina烧结氧化铝sintered alumina电熔氧化铝fused alumina|刚玉 corundum红柱石 andalusite蓝晶石 kyanite,cyanite硅线石 sillimanite橄榄石olivine方镁石periclase镁砂 magnesia合成镁砂 synthetic sintered magnesia电熔镁砂 fused magnesia烧结白云石砂 sintered dolomite clinker合成镁铬砂 synthetic magnesia chromite clinker尖晶石spinel镁铬尖晶石 magnesia chrome spinel,magnesiochromite 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth, infusorial earth蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩perlite碳化硅 silicon carbide氮化硅 silicon nitride氮化硼 boron nitride粘土熟料chamotte熟料grog轻烧 light burning,soft burning死烧 dead burning,hard burning 成型模注 shaping moulding机压成型 mechanical pressing 等静压成型 isostatic pressing 摩擦压砖机friction press液压压砖机hydraulic press捣打成型 ramming process熔铸成型 fusion cast process砖坯强度 green strength,dry strength隧道窑 tunnel kiln回转窑 rotary kiln倒焰窑 down draught kiln耐火砖 refractory brick标准型耐火砖standard size refractory brick 泡砂石 quartzite sandstone酸性耐火材料 acid refractory [material]硅质耐火材料 siliceous refractory [material] 硅砖 silica brick,dinas brick熔融石英制品 fused quartz product硅酸铝质耐火材料 aluminosillicate refractory 半硅砖 semisilica brick粘土砖 fireclay brick,chamotte brick石墨粘土砖 graphite clay brick高铝砖 high alumina brick硅线石砖 sillimanite brick莫来石砖 mullite brickI刚玉砖 corundum brick铝铬砖 alumina chrome brick熔铸砖 fused cast brick碱性耐火材料 basic refractory [material]镁质耐火材料 magnesia refractory [material] 镁砖 magnesia brick镁铝砖 magnesia alumina brick镁铬砖 magnesia chrome brick镁炭砖 magnesia carbon brick中性耐火材料 neutral refractory [material] 复合砖 composite brick铝炭砖 alumina carbon brick铝镁炭转 alumina magnesia brick锆炭砖 zirconia graphite brick镁钙炭砖 magnesia clacia carbon brick长水口 long nozzle浸入式水口 immersion nozzle,submerged nozzle 定径水口 metering nozzle氧化铝-碳化硅-炭砖 Al2O3-SiC-C brick透气砖 gas permeable brick,porous brick滑动水口 slide gate nozzle水口砖 nozzle brick塞头砖stopper绝热耐火材料 insulating refractory轻质耐火材料 light weight refractory袖砖 sleeve brick格子砖 checker brick,chequer brick陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火纤维 refractory fiber耐火浇注料 refractory castable耐火混凝土 refractory concrete荷重耐火性 refractoriness under load抗渣性 slagging resistance耐磨损性 abrasion resistance［含］碳［元］素材料 carbon materials无定形碳 amorphous carbon金刚石diamond炭相［学］carbon micrography炭黑 carbon black石油沥青 petroleum pitch石油焦炭 petroleum coke石墨化 graphitization石墨化电阻炉 electric resistance furnace for graphitization 石墨纯净化处理 purification treatment of graphite炭砖 carbon brick炭块 carbon block碳化硅基炭块 SiC-based carbon block炭电极 carbon electrode连续自焙电极Soderberg electrode石墨电极 graphite electrode超高功率石墨电极 ultra-high power graphite electrode石墨电极接头 graphite electrode nipple石墨电极接头孔 graphite electrode socket plug电极糊 electrode paste石墨坩埚 graphite crucible石墨电阻棒 graphite rod resistor炭刷 carbon brush高纯石墨 high purity graphite铁合金 ferroalloy硅铁 ferrosilicon硅钙 calcium silicon金属硅 silicon metal锰铁 ferromangnanese低碳锰铁 low carbon ferromanganese硅锰 silicomanganese金属锰 manganese metal铬铁 ferrochromium低碳铬铁 low carbon ferrochromium微碳铬铁 extra low carbon ferrochromium硅铬 silicochromium金属铬 chromium metal钨铁 ferrotunsten钼铁 ferromolybdenum钛铁 ferrotitanium硼铁 ferroboron铌铁 ferroniobium磷铁 ferrophosphorus镍铁 ferronickel锆铁 ferrozirconium硅锆 silicozirconium稀土硅铁 rare earth ferrosilicon稀土镁硅铁 rare earth ferrosilicomagnesium成核剂 nucleater孕育剂 incubater,inoculant球化剂nodulizer蠕化剂 vermiculizer中间铁合金master alloy复合铁合金 complex ferroalloy电碳热法 electro-carbothermic process电硅热法 electro-silicothermic process铝热法 aluminothermic process,thermit process 电铝热法 electro-aluminothermic process开弧炉open arc furnace埋弧炉submerged arc furnace半封闭炉 semiclosed furnace封闭炉 closed furnace矮烟罩电炉 electric furnace with low hood矮炉身电炉 low-shaft electric furnace人造块矿 ore agglomerates烧结矿sinter压块矿briquette球团［矿］pellet针铁矿goethite自熔性铁矿self-fluxed iron ore复合铁矿 complex iron ore块矿lump ore粉矿 ore fines矿石混匀 ore blending酉己矿 ore proportioning矿石整粒 ore size grading返矿 return fines储矿场 ore stockyard矿石堆料机 ore stocker 匀矿取料机ore reclaimer 熔剂flux 消石灰 slaked lime 活性石灰 quickened lime有机粘结剂organic binder烧结混合料sinter mixture烧结铺底料 hearth layer for sinter烧结 sintering烧结热前沿 heat front in sintering烧结火焰前沿 flame front in sintering渣相粘结slag bonding扩散粘结 diffusion bonding带式烧结机 Dwight-Lloyd sintering machine环式烧结机 circular travelling sintering machine烧结梭式布料机shuttle conveyer belt烧结点火料 sintering ignition furnace烧结盘 sintering pan烧结锅 sintering pot烧结冷却机sinter cooler带式冷却机 straight-line cooler环式冷却机 circular cooler,annular cooler生球 green pellet,ball生球长大聚合机理ball growth by coalescence生球长大成层机理ball growth by layering生球长大同化机理ball growth by assimilation精矿成球指数 balling index for iron ore concentrates生球转鼓强度 drum strength of green pellet生球落下强度 shatter strength of green pellet生球抗压强度 compression strength of green pellet生球爆裂温度 cracking temperature of green pellet 圆筒造球机balling drum圆盘造球机balling disc竖炉陪烧球团 shaft furnace for pellet firing带式机陪烧球团 traveling grate for pellet firing 链算机-回转窑陪烧球团grate-kiln for pellet firing 环式机陪烧球团 circulargates for pellet firing 冷固结球团cold bound pellet维式体wustite铁橄榄石fayalite铁尖晶石hercynite铁黄长石 ferrogehlenite铁酸半钙 calcium diferrite铁酸钙 calcium ferrite铁酸二钙 dicalcium ferrite锰铁橄榄石knebelite钙铁橄榄石kirschsteinite钙铁辉石hedenbergite钙铁榴石andradite钙长石anorthite钙镁橄榄石monticellite钙钛矿 perovskite硅灰石 wollastonite硅酸二钙 dicalcium silicate硅酸三钙 tricalcium silicate镁橄榄石forsterite镁黄长石 akermanite镁蔷薇辉石manganolite钙铝黄长石gehlenite钛辉石 titanaugite枪晶石cuspidine预还原球团 pre-reduced pellet金属化球团 metallized pellet转鼓试验 drum test,tumbler test落下试验 shatter test二、炼铁iron making 高炉炼铁［法］blast furnace process高炉 blast furnace鼓风炉 blast furnace炉料 charge, burden矿料 ore charge焦料 coke charge炉料提升 charge hoisting小车上料 charge hoisting by skip吊罐上料 charge hoisting by bucket皮带上料 charge hoisting by belt conveyer装料 charging装料顺序 charging sequence储料漏斗hopper双料钟式装料 two-bells system charging无料钟装料 bell-less charging布料器 distributor炉内料线 stock line in the furnace探料尺 gauge rod利用系数 utilization coefficient冶炼强度 combustion intensity鼓风blast风压 blast pressure风温 blast temperature鼓风量 blast volume鼓风湿度 blast humidity全风量操作full blast慢风 under blowing休风delay喷吹燃料 fuel injection喷煤 coal injection喷油 oil injection富氧鼓风 oxygen enriched blast,oxygen enrichment 置换比 replacement ratio喷射器injector热补偿 thermal compensation焦比 coke ratio,coke rate燃料比 fuel ratio,fuel rate氧化带 oxidizing zone风口循环区raceway蒸汽鼓风 humidified blast混合喷吹 mixed injection脱湿鼓风 dehumidified blast炉内压差 pressure drop in furnace煤气分布 gas distribution煤气利用率 gas utilization rate炉况 furnace condition顺行 smooth running焦炭负荷 coke load,ore to coke ratio软熔带cohesive zone,softening zone渣比 slag to iron ratio,slag ratio上部［炉料］调节 burden conditioning下部［鼓风］调节 blast conditioning高炉作业率 operation rate of blast furnace休风率 delay ratio高炉寿命 blast furnace campaign 悬料 hanging崩料slip沟流 channeling结瘤 scaffolding炉缸冻结 hearth freeze-up开炉blow on停炉 blow off积铁 salamander炉型 profile,furnace lines炉喉throat炉身 shaft,stack炉腰belly炉腹bosh炉缸hearth炉底bottom炉腹角bosh angle炉身角 stack angle有效容积 effective volume工作容积 working bolume铁口 iron notch, slag notch渣口 cinder notch, slag notch 风口 tuyere窥视孔peep hole风口水套 tuyere cooler渣口水套 slag notch cooler风口弯头 tuyere stock热风围管bustle pipe堵渣机stopper泥炮 mud gun,clay gun开铁口机 iron notch drill铁水 hot metal铁［水］罐 iron ladle鱼雷车torpedo car主铁沟sow出铁沟 casting house铁沟 iron runner渣沟 slag runner渣罐 cinder ladle, slag ladle撇渣器skimmer冷却水箱cooling plate冷却壁 cooling stave汽化冷去却 vaporization cooling热风炉 hot blast stove燃烧室 combustion chamber燃烧器burner热风阀 hot blast valve烟道阀 chimney valve冷风阀 cold blast valve助燃风机burner blower切断阀 burner shut-off valve旁通阀 by-pass valve混风阀 mixer selector valve送风期 on blast of stove,on blast燃烧期 on gas of stove, on gas换炉 stove changing放散阀 blow off valve内燃式热风炉Cowper stove外燃式燃烧炉 outside combustion stove 顶燃式热风炉 top combustion stove炉顶放散阀bleeding valve放散管bleeder上升管 gas uptake放风阀 snorting valve均压阀 equalizing valve高压调节阀septum valve炉顶高压 elevated top pressure铸铁机 pig-casting machine铸铁模pig mold冲天炉cupola水渣 granulating slag水渣池 granulating pit渣场 slag disposal pit高炉煤气 top gas,blast furnace gas高炉煤气回收topgas recovery,TGR非焦炭炼铁non-coke iron making直接还原炼铁［法］direct reduction iron making直接还原铁 directly reduced iron,DRI竖炉直接炼铁direct reduction in shaft furnace流态化炼铁 fluidized-bed iron making转底炉炼铁 rotary hearth iron making米德雷克斯直接炼铁［法］Midrex processHYL直接炼铁［法］HYL process克虏伯回转窑炼铁［法］Krupp rotary kiln iron-making 熔态还原 smelting reduction铁溶法 iron-bath process科雷克斯法COREX process生铁 pig iron海绵铁 sponge iron镜铁 spiegel iron清铁法 H-rion process三、炼钢 steelmaking车冈水 liquid steel,molten steel车钢 semisteel沸腾钢 rimming steel,rimmed steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semikilled steel压盖沸腾钢capped steel坩埚炼钢法 crucible steelmaking双联炼钢法 duplex steelmaking process连续炼钢法 continuous steelmaking process直接炼钢法 direct steelmaking process混铁炉 hot metal machine装料机 charging machine 装料期 charging machine 加热期 heating period 熔化期 melting period 造渣期 slag forming period 精炼期refining period 熔清 melting down 脱氧 deoxidation预脱氧 preliminary dexidation 还原渣 reducing slag 酸性渣acid slag碱性渣basic slag脱碳 decarburization增碳 recarburization脱磷 dephosphorization 回磷 rephosphorization 脱硫desulfurization 回硫 resulfurization 脱氮 denitrogenation过氧化 overoxidation 出钢 tapping冶炼时间 duration of heat 出钢样 tapping sample 浇铸样 casting sample 不合格炉次off heat熔炼损耗melting loss铁损 iron loss废钢scrap废钢打包 baling of scrap造渣材料 slag making materials 添力口剂 addition reagent 脱氧剂deoxidizer脱硫剂 desulfurizer冷却剂coolant回炉渣 return slag喷枪lance浸入式喷枪submerged lance钢包ladle出钢口 top hole出钢槽 pouring lining炉顶 furnace roof炉衬 furnace lining炉衬侵蚀 lining erosion渣线 slag line炉衬寿命lining life分区砌砖zoned lining补炉 fettling热修 hot repair喷补 gunning火焰喷补flame gunning转炉 converter底吹转炉 bottom-blown converter酸性空气底吹转炉 air bottom-blown acid converter碱性空气底吹转炉 air bottom-blown basic converter侧吹转炉 side-blown converter卡尔多转炉Kaldo converter氧气炼铁 oxygen steelmaking氧气顶吹转炉 top-blown oxygen converter,LI converter氧气底吹转炉 bottom-blown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen furnace,QBOF顶底复吹转炉 top and bottom combined blown converter喷石灰粉顶吹氧气转炉法oxygen lime process底吹煤氧的复合吹炼法 Klockner-Maxhutte steelmaking process,KMS 住友复合吹炼法 Sumitomo top and bottom blowing process,STB LBE 复吹法 lance bubbling equilibrium process,LBE顶枪喷煤粉炼钢法 Arved lance carbon injection process,ALCI蒂森复合吹炼法 Thyssen Blassen Metallurgical process,TBM 面吹 surface blow软吹 soft blow硬吹 hard blow补吹reblow过吹 overblow后吹 after blow目标碳 aim carbon终点碳 end point carbon高拉碳操作 catch carbon practice增碳操作 recarburization practice单渣操作 single-slag operation双渣操作 double-slag operation渣乳化 slag emulsion二次燃烧 postcombustion吹氧时间 oxygen blow duration吹炼终点blow end point倒炉 turning down喷渣 slopping喷溅 spitting静态控制 static control动态控制 dynamic control氧枪 oxygen lance氧枪喷孔 nozzle of oxygen lance多孔喷枪 multi-nozzle lance转炉炉体 converter body炉帽upper cone炉口 mouth,lip ring装料大面impact pad活动炉底 removable bottom顶吹氧枪 top blow oxygen lance副枪 sublance多孔砖 nozzle brick单环缝喷嘴 single annular tuyere双环缝喷嘴 double annular tuyere挡渣器 slag stopper挡渣塞 floating plug电磁测渣器 electromagnetic slag detector废气控制系统 off gas control system,OGCS平炉 open-hearth furnace平炉炼钢 open-hearth steelmaking冷装法 cold charge practice热装法 hot charge practice碳沸腾 carbon boil石灰沸腾lime boil炉底沸腾bottom boil再沸腾reboil有效炉底面积effective hearth area酸性平炉 acid open-hearth furnace碱性平炉 basic open-hearth furnace固定式平炉 stationary open-hearth furnace倾动式平炉 tilting open-hearth furnace双床平炉 twin-hearth furnace顶吹氧气平炉 open-hearth furnace with roof oxygen lance蓄热室 regenerator沉渣室 slag pocket电炉炼钢 electric steelmaking电弧炉electric arc furnace超高功率电弧炉 ultra-high power electric arc furnace直流电弧炉 direct current electric arc furnace双电极直流电弧炉 double electrode direct current arc furnace 竖窑式电弧炉shaft arc furnace电阻炉 electric resistance furnace工频感应炉 line frequency induction furnace中频感应炉 medium frequency induction furnace高频感应炉 high frequency induction furnace电渣重熔 electroslag remelting,ESR电渣熔铸 electroslag casting,ESC电渣浇注 Bohler electroslag tapping,BEST真空电弧炉重熔 vacuum arc remelting,VAR真空感应炉熔炼 vacuum induction melting,VIM电子束炉重熔 electron beam remelting,EBR等离子炉重炼 plasma-arc remelting,PAR水冷模电弧熔炼cold-mold arc melting等离子感应炉熔炼 plasma induction melting,PIM等离子连续铸锭 plasma progressive casting,PPC等离子凝壳铸造 plasma skull casting,PSC能量优化炼钢炉 energy optimizing furnace,EOF氧燃喷嘴 oxygen-fuel burner氧煤助熔 accelerated melting by coal-oxygen burner氧化期 oxidation period还原期 reduction period长弧泡沫渣操作弧长控制long arc foaming slag operation 白渣 white slag电石渣 carbide slag煤氧喷吹 coal-oxygen injection炉壁热点hot spots on the furnace wall偏弧 arc bias透气塞 porous plug出钢到出钢时间tap-to-tap time虹吸出钢 siphon tapping偏心炉底出钢 eccentric bottom tapping,EBT中心炉底出钢 centric bottom tapping,CBT侧面炉底出钢 side bottom tapping,SBT滑动水口出钢 slide fate tapping四、精炼铁水预处理 hot metalpretreatment机械搅拌铁水脱硫法 KR process torpedo desulfurization鱼雷车铁水脱磷 torpedo dephosphorization二次精炼 secondary refining钢包精炼 ladle refining合成渣 synthetic slag微合金化 microalloying成分微调trimming钢洁净度 steel cleanness钢包炉 ladle furnace,LF直流钢包炉DC ladle furnace真空钢包炉LF-vacuum真空脱气 vacuum degassing真空电弧脱气 vacuum arc degassing,VAD真空脱气炉 vacuum degassing furnace,VDF真空精炼 vacuum refining钢流脱气 stream degassing提升式真空脱气法Dortmund Horder vacuum degassing process,DH 循环式真空脱气法Ruhstahl-Hausen vacuum degassing process,RH 真空浇铸 vacuum casting吹氧 RH 操作 RH-oxygen blowing,RH-OB川崎顶吹氧 RH 操作 RH-Kawasaki top blowing,RH-KTB喷粉 RH 操作 RH-poowder blowing,TH-PB喷粉法 powder injection process喷粉精炼 injection refining蒂森钢包喷粉法 Thyssen Niederhein process,TN瑞典喷粉法 Scandinavian Lancer process,SL君津真空喷粉法 vacuum Kimitsu injection process密封吹氩合金成分调整法 composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling,CAS吹氧提温 CAS 法 CAS-OB process脉冲搅拌法 pulsating mixing process,PM电弧加热电磁搅拌钢包精炼法ASEA-SKF process真空吹氧脱碳法 vacuum oxygen decarburization process ,VOD 氩氧脱碳法 argon-oxygen decarburization process,AOD 蒸汽氧精炼法Creusot-Loire Uddelholm process,CLU无渣精炼 slag free refining摇包法 shaking ladle process铝弹脱氧法 aluminium bullet shooting,ABS钢锭ingot铸锭 ingot casting坑铸 pit casting车铸 car casting钢锭模ingot mold保温帽hot top下铸 bottom casting上铸 top casting补浇 back pour,back feeding浇注速度 pouring speed脱模 ingot stripping发热渣exoslag防再氧化操作 reoxidation protection连续浇注 continuous casting连铸机 continuous caster,CC,continuous casting machine,CCM弧形连铸机 bow-type continuous caster立弯式连铸机 vertical-bending caster立式连铸机vertical caster水平连铸机 horizontal caster小方坯连铸机billet caster大方坯连铸机bloom caster板坯连铸机slab caster薄板坯连铸机thin-slab casting薄带连铸机strip caster近终型浇铸 near-net-shape casting单辊式连铸机single-roll caster单带式连铸机 single-belt caster双带式连铸机 twin-belt caster倾斜带式连铸机 inclined conveyer type caster［连铸］流 strand铸流间距 strand distance注流对中控制 stream centering control钢包回转台ladle turret中间包tundish回转式中间包 swiveling tundish倾动式中间包tiltable tundish中间包挡墙 weir and dam in tundish弓1锭杆dummy bar刚性引锭杆rigid dummy bar挠性引锭杆 flexible dummy bar结晶器mold直型结晶器straight mold弧形结晶器curved mold组合式结晶器composite mold多级结晶器multi-stage mold调宽结晶器adjustable mold结晶器振动 mold oscillation结晶器内钢液顶面meniscus,steel level钢液面控制技术 steel level control technique 保护渣 casting powder,mold powder凝壳shell液芯liquid core空气隙air gap一次冷却区 peimary cooling zone二次冷却区 secondary cooling zone极限冷却速度 critical cooling rate浇铸半径 casting radius渗漏 bleeding拉坯速度 casting speed拉漏 breaking out振动波纹 oscillation mark水口堵塞 nozzle clogging气水喷雾冷去却 air mist spray cooling 分离环 separating ring 拉辊 withdrawal roll立式导辊 vertical guide roll 弯曲辊 bending roll 夹辊 pinch roll 矫直辊 straightening roll驱动辊 driving roll导向辊装置 roller apron切割定尺装置 cut-to-length device 钢流保护浇注 shielded casting practice 多点矫直multipoint straightening 电磁搅拌electromagnetic stirring,EMS 浇注周期casting cycle 多炉连浇sequence casting 事故溢流槽 emergercy launder 菜花头 cauliflower top 钢锭缩头piped top 表面缺陷 surface defect 内部缺陷 internal defect 缩孔 shrinkage cavity 中心缩孔 center line shrinkage 气孔 blowhole表面气孔 surface blowhole 皮下气孔 subskin blowhole 针孔 pinhole 铸疤 feather 冷隔 cold shut 炼钢缺陷lamination 发裂 flake,hair crack 纵裂 longitudinal crack横裂 transverse crack角部横向裂纹transverse corner crack角部纵向裂纹longitudinal corner crack收缩裂纹 shrinkage crack热裂 hot crack冷裂 cold crack冷脆 cold shortness热脆 hot shortness夹渣 slag inclusion皮下夹杂 subsurface inclusion正偏析 positive segregation负偏析 negative segregation,inverse seregationV 形偏析V -shaped segregation倒 V 形偏析A —shaped segregation中心偏析 center segregation中心疏松 center porosity鼓肚 bulging脱方 rhomboidity连铸一直接轧制 continuous casting-direct rolling 工艺CC-DR9钢铁材料铸铁cast iron熟铁 wrought iron电解铁 electrolytic iron 白口铸铁 white cast iron 灰口铸铁 grey cast iron麻口铸铁变性铸铁孕育铸铁冷硬铸铁mottled cast iron modified cast iron inoculated cast iron chilled cast iron球墨铸铁nodular cast iron蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron半可锻铸铁 semi-malleable cast iron奥氏体铸铁 austenitic cast iron 贝氏体铸铁bainitic cast iron 共晶白口铁 eutectic white iron 亚共晶白口铁 hypoeutectic white iron 过共晶白口铁 hypereutectic white iron 结构钢constructional steel软钢 mild steel普通碳素钢 plain carbon steel正火钢 normalized steel热轧钢 hot rolled steel高强度低合金钢 high-strength low-alloy steel 微合金钢 micro-alloy steel冷轧钢 cold rolled steel深冲钢 deep drawing steel双相钢 dual phase steel渗碳钢 carburizing steel渗氮钢 nitriding steel调质钢 quenched and tempered steel超高强度钢 ultra-high strength steel不锈钢 stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢 austenitic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢 ferritic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢martensitic stainless steel 双相不锈钢 duplex stainless steel 马氏体时效钢maraging steel耐蚀钢 corrosion-resisting steel耐热钢 heat-resisting steel弹簧钢 spring steel易切削钢 free-machining steel耐磨钢 abrasion-resistant steel工具钢tool steel高速钢 high-speed steel冷作模具钢 cold-work die steel热作模具钢 hot-work die steel钢筋钢 reinforced bar steel钢轨钢rail steel轮箍钢type steel管线钢 pipe line steel锅炉钢 boiler steel电工车冈 electrical steel五、机械加工厂maching plant 备件车间 spare parts workshop立车区 vertical lathe area划线平台 lineation platform翻转区 turn area待力口工区waiting maching area行车 traveling crane臣卜车区horizontal lathe area镗、铣区 boring &milling machine area钻床区 drill press area铣床区 milling machine area平衡区 balance area半成品区 semi-manufactured goods area磨床区 grinding machine热处理车间heat treatment workshop工件堆放区workpiece pile area工装区professional tools area渗碳淬火区carburizing quenching area预作业区pre-work area高中频区high and intermediate frequency area工件堆放区(铺铸铁板) workpiece pile area (layed cast iron plate) 调质氮化区quenching and tempering nitriding area备件车间 spare parts workshop待装区 waiting assembly area装配平台 assembly platform翻转区 turn area成品区 finished products area采购半成品区 purchasing semi-manufacture goods area齿轮车间gear workshop立车区 vertical lathe area待力口工区waiting maching area臣卜车区horizontal lathe area立体仓库 solid storehouse液插机群 hydraulic sharpping machine area磨床机群 grinding machine area划线平台lineation platform伞齿轮机群 bevel gear machine area钻铣机群 drilling & milling machine area配套件库 parts and components storehouse采购成品区purchasing finished products area线切割机群 line cutting machine area齿轮检测机群gear inspection machine area半成品区 semi-manufacture goods area检验区 inspection area力口工成品区 machining finished products area总装车间 assembly workshop工装区 professional tools area装配平台 assembly platform待力口工区waiting maching area修配区 repairs and supply replacements area翻转区 turn area龙门铣 plano-milling machine龙门镗铣力口工中心 plano-boring &milling machining center镗铣床 boring &milling machine涂装区 painting area其他低跨 low span高跨 high span厂房面积workshop area总装、齿轮车间 24192 平方米 assembly and gear workshop occupied 24,192 square meter热处理车间 5610 平方米heat treatment workshop occupied 5,610 square meter备件、成品车间 13014 平方米 spare parts and finished products workshop occupied 13,014 square meter总计面积：42186 平方米 total area: 42,186 square meter车间平面简易布置图the facility plane layout of workshop六、热处理 heating treatment1.indication 缺陷2.test specimen 试样3.bar棒材4.stock 原料5.billet方钢，钢方坯6.bloom钢坯，钢锭7.section 型材8.steel ingot 车钢锭9.blank坯料，半成品10.cast steel 铸钢11.nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁12.ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁13.bronze 青铜14.brass 黄铜15.copper 合金16.stainless steel 不锈钢17.decarburization 脱碳18.scale氧化皮19.anneal 退火20.process anneal 进行退火21.quenching 淬火22.normalizing 正火23.Charpy impact test 夏比冲击试验24.fatigue 疲劳25.tensile testing 拉伸试验26.solution 固溶处理27.aging时效处理28.Vickers hardness 维氏硬度29.Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度30.Brinell hardness 布氏硬度31.hardness tester 硬度计32.descale除污，除氧化皮等33.ferrite 铁素体34.austenite 奥氏体35.martensite 马氏体36.cementite 渗碳体37.iron carbide 渗碳体38.solid solution 固溶体39.sorbite 索氏体40.bainite 贝氏体41.pearlite 珠光体42.nodular fine pearlite/ troostite 屈氏体43.black oxide coating 发黑44.grain 晶粒45.chromium 铬46.cadmium 专镉47.tungsten 钨48.molybdenum 钼49.manganese 锰51. silicon 硅53.sulfer/sulphur 硫54.phosphor/ phosphorus 磷55.nitrided 氮化的56.case hardening 表面硬化，表面淬硬57.air cooling 空冷58.furnace cooling 炉冷59.oil cooling 油冷60.electrocladding /plating 电镀61.brittleness 脆性62.strength 强度63.rigidity刚性，刚度64.creep 蠕变65.deflection 挠度66.elongation 延伸率67.yield strength 屈服强度68.elastoplasticity 弹塑性69.metallographic structure 金相组织70.metallographic test 金相试验71.carbon content 含碳量72.induction hardening 感应淬火73.impedance matching 感应淬火74.hardening and tempering 调质75.crack 裂纹76.shrinkage 缩孔，疏松77.forging 锻（件）78.casting 铸（件）79.rolling 轧（件）80.drawing 拉（件）81.shot blasting 喷丸（处理）82.grit blasting 喷钢砂（处理）83.sand blasting 喷砂（处理）84.carburizing 渗碳85.nitriding 渗氮86.ageing/aging 时效87.grain size 晶粒度88.pore 气孔89.sonim 夹砂90.cinder inclusion 夹渣ttice 晶格92.abrasion/abrasive/rub/wear/wearing resistance （property）耐磨性93.spectrum analysis 光谱分析94.heat/thermal treatment 热处理95.inclusion 夹杂物96.segregation 偏析97.picking酸洗，酸浸98.residual stress 残余应力99.remaining stress 残余应力100.relaxation of residual stress 消除残余应力101.stress relief 应力释放vanadium 钒。

CONTRACT FOR SALE OF CHROME OREContract No:Date of Contract: 25 May 2011The Seller: CO.,LTD.Address:Tel:Fax:E-mail:The Buyer:Address:Tel:Fax:E-mail:This contract is made by and between the buyer and the seller, wherebythe buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell the under mentionedgoods to China on the terms and conditions as follows:CLAUSE 1: COMMODITYNAME OF COMMODITY : Concentrate Chrome OreCountry Of Origin :Port Of Loading :Port of Discharge :Lianyungang, ChinaCLAUSE 2: QUANTITY AND SHIPMENTQuantityDate of shipment Transshipment Partial shipment : 2000DMT +/- 10% of Chrome concentrate at seller’s option: within 20 days after opening of the L/C.: is allowed: is not allowedCLAUSE 3: GUARANTEED SPECIFICATIONS AT LOADING PORTCLAUSE 4: PRICECIF Lianyungang Port, China U.S.Dollars per Dry Mertic Ton on 48% Cr2O3 basis concentrate chrome ore, scale rata, bonus/penalty of USD DMT for each 1% Cr2O3 above/below 48%.Insurance to be covered by the Seller.Total Value : USD( U.S.Dollars four hundred thousand Only)CLAUSE 5: PAYMENTThe buyer shall provide an IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTRY LETTER OF CREDIT, PAYABLE 100% AT SIGHT and indicating seller as beneficiary and issued by buyer's bank for total contract value within 7(seven) banking days from the date of signing the contract by both parties.The Letter of Credit should be at sight for 100% of cargo value. 95% of invoice value shall be paid based on an internationally recognized SGS or Alfred Knight certificate at loading port. The value of cargo to be calculated at the agreed price per metric ton as per clause 3 and clause 4 based on the SGS or Alfred Knight certificate at loading port, with balance 5% value payable under the same L/C against sel ler’s final invoice and photocopy CIQ certificate of quality and weight issued at port of discharge.All banking charges outside opening bank are for account of the seller.CLAUSE 6: PACKINGShipped in 20ft containers in bulk. (Loose bulk in container)CLAUSE 7: DOCUMENTS FOR 95% PAYMENT1)Signed provisional Commercial Invoice based on certificate of quality and weightissued at loading port by independent Survey company SGS or Alfred Knight in 3 originals and 4 copies indicating the Contract number, L/C number, B/L number.The exact amount should be calculated according to the SGS inspection result for Cr2O3 content and quantity at loading port.2)Packing List in 3 originals and 3 copies indicating the Contract number, L/Cnumber, Invoice number, Name of Carrying Vessel.3)Full set 3/3 of clean on board Bill of Lading. Marked “Freight Prepaid”. Issuedby shipping company as carrier.4)Preshipment inspection Certificate of Quality and Certificate of Weight issued atLoading Port by the independent Survey Company SGS or Alfred Knight each in1 original and2 copies.5)Certificate of Origin in 1 original and 2 copies issued by Turkey Chamber ofCommerce.6)Insurance policy in 1 original and 2 copies , issued with buyer as the beneficiary.7)Full set of all shipping documents to be sent to buyer by the fax/email within 7days after shipment. (email has clear print)CLAUSE 8: DOCUMENTS FOR FINAL 5% PAYMENT1)Final Invoice based on certificate of quality and certificate of weight issued byCIQ at discharging port in 3 originals.2)Certificate of Quality issued by CIQ at discharging port. Fax copies/photocopiesacceptable.3)Certificate of Weight issued by CIQ at discharging port. Fax copies/photocopiesacceptable.4) Buyer must submi t copy of CIQ’s Inspection Certificate of Weight and Inspection Certificate of Quality to Seller by fax/email within 60 days from the date of vessel arriving at the discharging port. Otherwise, SGS or Alfred Knight report at loading port shall be taken as final for final settlement.CLAUSE 9: EXPORT AND OTHER FEESFees levied on export of Chrome Ore in the country of Origin shall be for account of Seller, whereas all fees levied on the import of Chrome Ore in the country of destination shall be for Buyer’s account.CLAUSE 10: FORCE MAJEURENeither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, explosion, strike, war or any other Force Majeure cases as per international practice.However, the party whose performance is affected by the event of Force Majeure shall give a notice to the other party of its occurrence as soon as possible and a certificate or a document of the occurrence of the Force Majeure event issued by the relative authority or a neutral independent third party shall be sent to the other party not later than 60 days after its occurrence.If the event of Force Majeure continues for more than 60 days both parties shall negotiate the performance or the termination of this contract.CLAUSE 11: ARBITRATIONAll disputes in connection with this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by friendly negotiation. If no settlement can be reached the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration to Switzerland International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (hereinafter referred to as “SIETAC”) in accordance with the provisional rules of procedure of SIETAC. The decision made by SIETAC shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties. The fees for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitral tribunal.CLAUSE 12: VALIDATION AND ALTERATIONThis Contract shall become effective after signing by both parties. Any amendment, modification on or addition to the terms and conditions of this Contract shall become effective when confirmed by both Seller and Buyer in writing.CLAUSE 14: OTHERSAll of things that not mentioned into this contract are in conformity with INCOTERMS 2000 edition. In witness whereof Buyer and Seller hereto have executed this instrument in duplicate on the basis date first hereinabove written, each of them to be retained by respective party of this Contract.The import agent agrees with the terms of the contract and will open L/C only after receiving the corresponding deposit from the buyer.。