动词的各种时态
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英语中的各种时态及用法 语态\ 时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p 一般过去时 ved was / were + Vp.p 一般将来时 will + v. will be + Vp.p 过去将来时 would + v. would be + Vp.p 过去完成时 had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p 现在完成时 have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p 将来完成时 will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p 现在进行时 am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p 过去进行时 was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p
一、时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态;主从句时态呼应问题。 3、几种时态的替代问题.
二、最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配
过去分词 现在分词 分词
动名词 不定式 非谓语动词
虚拟语气 时态、语态 谓语动词
动词
动词的分类 一般现在 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday 现在进行 now,
现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently
一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
过去进行 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
过去完成 …before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来 next…, tomorrow, in…
过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作(常用于宾语从句中)
三、考点揭密 1. 一般现在时:(归纳) 1)表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。 2)动词写原形或第三人称单数形式,即主语为第三人称单数时,动词一般要加-s/es,与名词复数规则构成类似。 3) 如果动词为行为动词,构成问句、否定句需加助动词/do/does。 4) 一般现在时的时间标志词有:often,always, sometimes,usually,every day,on Sundays等。 5) 另外表示主语具有的性格、能力、特征,表客观事实和普遍真理,表现在发生的具体动作等也用一般现在时; 6) 在时间和条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 7) 状态感觉动词如:be,love,want,hope,understand等只用一般现在时,不用进行时。 一般现在时的用法与练习: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作 ① I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play ② ---_____my glasses ? ----Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen ③ We will see to it that every child in the nation ____ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside. A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get (1---3 DDC) 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实或表示格言或警句。 ①Knowledge begins with practice. ② She said that the sea water is salty. ③In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea ____ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served ④----The girl ____ weight recently. ----Yes , she _____ too much. A. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats (3-4 CD) 3)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 ①If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. ②----Put these glasses away before they _____. ----OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken ③I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _____ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have ④----Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -----You can when you _____ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get (2—4 CBD) 2. 一般过去时(归纳): 1) 表示过去经常或偶然发生的动作或存在的状态。 2) 一般过去时动词用过去式,过去式的构成一般在原形动词后加-ed。具体有四种方法,即直接加-ed,加-d,改y为i加-ed, 双写辅音字母加-ed。有些动词的过去式是不规则的,要特别记忆,熟练运用,如:go—went,do—did等。 3) 过去式除be动词外,没有人称和数的变化。 4) 行为动词的过去时,如果改为问句,否定句要加助动词did。动词的过去式改为动词原形。 5) 一般过去时的时间状语为表示过去的时间:如:yesterday,last year,two days ago等。 6) 在时间条件从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 一般过去时的用法 1)表示过去发生的,和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 ①----Look! Someone has spilt (溢出)coffee on the carpet.(地毯) ----Well , it _____ me. A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been ②----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. ---Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that? A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you known C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you known ③----Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? ------Yes , but she _____soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave (1--3 BCB) 2)注意:一般过去时与过去进行时的区别: 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。
① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。(信已写完) I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。(正在写,不一定写完) ②----Has Tommy finished his job yet? ----I have no idea of it ; he ____ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did ③As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ______asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell ④All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown ⑤--I’m sorry , I shouldn’t have been so rude to you. -----You _____ your temper but that’s OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. (2—5 ABCC)) 3. 一般将来时: 1) 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2) 动词do的一般将来时结构为will+ do,主语为第一人称时可用shall+do,be going to do 结构也可表示将来时,可以和will互换,但有些情况不可互换,带有意愿色彩,常用will;表邀请或命令时,用will; 3) 在时间和条件 从句中,主句将来时常用will;有迹象表示某事将要发生或打算,计划决定要做某事,一般用be going to do 结构; 4) 一般将来时的时间为表示将来的时间:如tomorrow, next week等。 一般将来时的用法和练习 1)一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。