(最新整理)2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句
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2019-2020年中考英语基础语法十三主谓一致和倒装句01 命题趋势考标导向化主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。
考查重点是主谓一致:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则,其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点.从命题形式来看,主要以单项选择为主,在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。
02 定义概念清晰化主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致,即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
03 知识归类知识网络化❶语法一致原则分类图解使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主The girl is fond of singing。
To protect the environment is语,谓语动词用单数形式.our duty.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The students are having their math class。
They have been to Qingdao twice。
and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式.Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming。
The writer and the teacher are coming.both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Peter and Mike come from England。
有些只有复数形式的名Jack’s glasses词(如glasses,shorts,trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.are broken.Linda’s shoes are black and blue。
“a number of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.A number of trees have been planted。
The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120。
不定代词another,each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone,something,nobody, everybody,everyone,everything, nothing, anybody, anything,anyone, no one等作主Is everyone here?Something is wrong with my computer.I called last night,but nobody was in。
语时,谓语动词用单数形式.主语后面跟with,along with,like, except,besides,as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday。
A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate。
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式.This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed.“分数或百分数 + 名Two thirds of the词”作主语或“a lot of /lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式.work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.特例清单1。
what从句作主语时 ,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
如:What we need is time。
我们需要的是时间.What she needs are good books。
她需要的是一些好书.2。
and连接并列主语,若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如:Each boy and each girl has got a present。
每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物.【题组训练】( )1.(2014·黔东南)Climbing hills _____ good for our health。
A。
are B.is C。
was D.were( )2。
(2014·咸宁)—What are you going to do this weekend?—I together with my classmates ____ going to climb Mount Qian。
A。
is B。
am C。
are D。
Were( )3.(2014·达州)—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon,but no one answered.—Sorry,I with my parents______ at that time.A。
was shopping B.were shoppingC.are shopping D。
went shopping( )4。
(2014·孝感)A number of volunteers ____ from far away cities.A.isB.areC。
is come D。
arc come()5。
(2014·白银)The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller。
A。
become B。
are becomingC.is becomingD.have become❷意义一致原则分类图解使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government,class, staff,public His family isn’tlarge.His family are等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式。
fond of watchingsports programs.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle, poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news, means,works,physics,politics, maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。
The police are searching for the murder。
Physics is reallydifficult for me“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.The young are energetic.某些代词或短语如half (of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)Half of the work has been finished.等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指"即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Two pounds isn’t so heavy。
Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.特例清单1.某些以 s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。