初中句子成分分析及练习题汇编
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丽慧外语句子成分分析组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾 语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 各成分在句中的作用如何 ?分别由哪些词及短语充当 ?
1. 主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、 代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.( 动名词) 若不定式短语作主语常用 it作形式主语,而把真正的主语 (不定
式短语)放在句后。 2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由 动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 实义动词单独作谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词 与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成 谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词 + 实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词 + 实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3. 宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式 及动名词等充当。如:
He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.( 代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。 这类动词常见的有 :give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave 等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾 + 直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后, 但若把直接宾语放在前面, 则 要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如 to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.( 直宾 + 间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.( 直宾 + 间宾) ② 有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。 这类动词有: want,wish, hope,promise, decide,agree, choose, care
等。 如: I hope to see you aga in. ③ 有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语, 而不用不定式。这类动词有: enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest, keep(on)等。如: Do you mi nd my ope ning the wi ndow? ④ 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 forget to do表示"未发生的动作” ,forget doing表示"已完成的 动作”更多精品文档 Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.( 还没来)
4. 定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、 不定式等充当。如:
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式) The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语) 【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或 不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。 5. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、 介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放 在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如: Thank you very much.(畐U词) I get up at five in the morning.( 介词短语 ) He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语 ) We were hav ing breakfast whe n the teleph one ran g.(从句) 【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如: He is old eno ugh to go to school. 6. 表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、 数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有: be, look, get, sound(听起来),feel, become, smell, turn, taste(尝 起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teachi ng En glish.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词) The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7. 宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之 后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的 动词有:tell, let, help, teach, ask, see have, order, make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词 等充当。如:
We elected him monitor.(名词)
学习-----好资料 I found it difficult to learn English well.( 形容词) The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语 ) He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词) They saw a bird flying in the sky.( 现在分词 ) 8同位语: 同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说 明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. / (students 是 we 的同位语,都 是指同一批’学生’) We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的'我们’) 9分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一 致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 例:更多精品文档
1They(主语) are working (系表结构做谓语) on the farm (地 点状语)now (时间状语). 2.Seeing (动词 ing 做主语)is (谓语) believing (宾语) 3. AII of us (主语)like (谓语)Kobe Bryant (宾语)very much (程度副词状语)
yesterday (时间状语) 8.1 (主语)always find (谓语)her (宾语)happy (状语) 9. He (主语)wonders (谓语)if I (条件句中的主语)still study (条件句中的谓语) En glish (条件句中的宾语)整个条件句做 主干的宾语 10. The letter (主语) which I received the day before yesterday (定 语从句) was (谓语) a friend of mine (宾语)
18. Bye the time I got to the stati on.
a car for the 25th anni versary of their marriage. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 20. It takes me an hour to get there.
形式主语 谓语 宾语 真正主语 (三) ①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D (四) ①D②B③D④C⑤B (五) ①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D (六) ①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B (七) ①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D (八) ①us,间接宾语a story,直接宾语 ② me,间接宾语a new bike,直接宾语 ③us,间接宾语 history,直接宾语 ④ Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
学习-----好资料 时间状语从句 主句主语 主句谓语 答案: 11.We always work hard at English。
主语 状语 谓语 状语 状语 12. He said he did n't come
主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 13 .They love each other. 4.She (主语)became (谓语)a doctor (宾语) in 1998 (时
间状语)
5.The book (主语) lying on the floor (补语) are (谓语) mi ne
(宾语) 6.Sudde nly (状语) it (形式主语) bega n to rain (谓语) 7.To catch the train , (目的状语)1 (主语) got up (谓语) early
主 谓语 宾语 14. What did you bye?
宾 助动词 主 谓 15. She watched her daughter play ing the pia no.
主 谓 宾 宾语补足语 16. Your job today is to help the old.
主 定语 系动词 表语
the train had left. 19. The childre n bought their pare nts 状语
17. Speak ing does n't mea n doing.