小六英语第11讲:情态动词
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初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形;1. can 的用法:1.表示能力、许可、可能性; 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它;如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能;I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看;2.表示许可,常在口语中;如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典;3.表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”; 如:Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗—Can it be our teacher 那个人有可能是我们老师吗—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能;咱们老师正在游览长城呢;例题—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t解析根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”, can’t 表示推测答案 A2. could的用法:1.can的过去式,意为“ 能、会”,表示过去的能力;如:He could write poems when he was 10.2. could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思;如:Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗—Yes, you can.可以;注意回答3. may的用法:1.表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike 我可以借你的自行车吗You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了;例题—_______ I borrow your MP3 —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would解析在此处表示请求,意为“ 做……可以吗”;答案:A2 .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中; 如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨;She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.3 .may的过去式为might ,表示推测时;可能性低于may; 如:He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了;4 . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”;通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快; May you be happy 祝你幸福May you succeed祝你成功4. must的用法:1.must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”; 如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿;MustI hand in my homework right now 我必须现在交作业吗2 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火;You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到;3对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如:—Must I finish my homework 我现在必须完成作业吗—No, you needn’t.不,你不必;4must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句;如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家;注意其反意问句的构成形式:当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成;如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she 注意反意疑问句的后半部分You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you 注意反意疑问句的后半部分5. need的用法:1.need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”; 用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to; 如:—Need I stay here any longer 我还有必要留在这儿吗—Yes, you must .是的;—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不, 你不必;2.need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式;如:I need to do it rightnow. 我需要马上做这件事;He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩;如果是物作主语,一般用need doing 与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点:①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变;例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下;Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了;6. dare 的用法:dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:1dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时;如:Dare he tell them what he knows 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗2dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化;如:He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言;注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用;如:Do you dare tell her what I said你敢告诉她我说的话吗I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他;7. shall 的用法:shall表示征求对方意见多用于第一、三人称,如:Shall we go out for a walk 我们出去散步好吗在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见;1.用“Let's do...”来提出建议;如:Let's go for a walk after supper.2.用“What/How about... ”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式;如:What about/How about a drink What about/How about taking Tom with us3.用“Why not... ”来提出建议,表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形;“Why not... ”实际上是“Why don't you/we... ”的简略形式;如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight Why don't we stay here another day4.用“Would you like... ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要……吗”Would you like后可接名词或不定式;如:Would you likea cup of tea Would you like to go and see her因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim Let's go for a swim,shall we What about/How about going swimming Why not go for a swim Would you like to go for a swim What do you think of going for a swim8. should的用法:1.should 意为“应该” ,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等; 如:We should protect the environment.2Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评;如:You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了;事实上你没有完成;9. will 的用法:will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称;如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.注意:1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换;由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be;一定不能说there will have例如:There are many students in our school. →There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will 与be going to do sth区别:①. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.②. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情;He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.③. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.④.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will, If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you10. had better 的用法:had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not;如:We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走;You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他;1.对may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.3.could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思;如:Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗—Yes, you can.可以;注意回答4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称, 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求;其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. No, I won’t.Sure . I’m sorry , I can’t.All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. No, thank you .Yes, please.例题—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily —________.A.That’s rightB.With pleasureC.It doesn’t matterD.No trouble解析A. 意为“对了” ,B.意为“ 乐意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D.意为“不费事”;答案:B1.1.can’t可译为“不会”, 如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球;2当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能, 如:He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢;3can’t 还可用来回答“ May I … ” 这样的问句; 如:May I come in 我可以进来吗No, you mustn’t. / can’t. 不,你不能;4can’t 还可用于固定习语中;can’t help doing 禁不住,…情不自禁…can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待…如:She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来;The children can’t wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子;2. may的否定式为may not,译成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家;3.1mustn’t 表示不许,不可;如:He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间;You mustn’t ta lk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话;2 mustn’t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中;如:—May I stand here 我可以站在这里吗—No, you mustn’t can’t. 不,不行;4.1needn’t 意为“ 不必”;如:You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.你不需要见他,除非你愿意;2needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费;如:You ne edn’t have bought it. 你没必要买它但你却买了;5. shouldn’t 表示不应该;如:You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴;考点四:情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done 动词的过去分词;做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面;如:You needn’t get up so early every day.你不必每天都起这么早;She shouldn’t speak to her mother in that way.她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话;More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木;Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了;一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测;1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句;如:That man can't be her husbandshe is still single.Who is knocking at the door Can it be the postman2、must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中;如:He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now, for the lights in his office are still on.3、might 表示推测时不一定是may的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小;如:The man may be the headmaster.—Where is Mr Li —He might be working in his office. —May Mr Li come —He might not come here.4、Could表示推测时,语气can比要弱,说话者留有余地;如:—Could it be an animal —It could not be, because it is not moving.5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大,仅比must的可能性小一点;如:It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法;1、“must +have done/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”,不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式;如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she 注意反意疑问句的后半部分You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you 注意反意疑问句的后半部分2、“should +have done /been-------”表示“本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做”;“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做,而实际上却做了”;以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩;如:You should have finished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time.You shouldn’t have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact you went to bed again then.3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了”;如:There was plenty of time. She needn't have hurried .4、“can’t /couldn’t+have done /been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”;如:I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldn’t have stolen her car.5、“could+have done/been-------”表示“过去本来能够,可以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有”,说话者有些遗憾;“could sb. have done /been------- ”是它的问句形式;如:You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel . Could Mr Li have helped this girl student6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能,本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”,might的可能性较小,语气较弱;如:He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help,however bus she was.易混点一: can和be able to:两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示;另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事;如:Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语;He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语;We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他;He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了;I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成;We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶;易混点二:can和may1. can 和may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用;如:Can/ May I help you2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:1在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can2在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must3 在否定句中用can’t不可能, 不用may, must; 如:She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里;Where can they be now 他们现在可能在哪儿That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的;易混点三: may be 和maybe用法区别常用位置may be may为情态动词, be为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语例如:He may be wrong , but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定;易混点四:can’t 和mustn’t1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:1不会;如:I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语;2不能;如:We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了;3否定句中表示推测;“不可能”,如:The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多;2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气; 如:You mustn’t play football in the street.It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了;易混点五:must 和have to1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时;如:I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习;My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来;I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了;He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作;2. have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来;如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成;易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sthused to do 表示过去常常发生的动作, 强调过去,只用于过去,注意用to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”, be 可有各种时态;be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式;be used for doing sth“用作……”如:My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚,但现在不得不早起了;She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉;He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭;A knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割东西/ A knife can be used to cut things.刀可以用来割东西2013河南26. —Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green—Yes, I'm afraid we______ .That's the traffic rule.A. canB. mayC. have toD. need答案C解析考查情态动词的用法;由上文句意“我们必须等到灯变绿吗”和下文句意“那是交通规则”可知,我们必须要等到灯变为绿色;have to“不得不”,强调客观上的要求;2013河北34._ I see your ID card, sir We have to check your information.A. MayB. MustC. ShouldD. Need答案A解析考查情态动词的运用;向别人请求许可可用can,may;根据句意,“我可以看一下你的身份证件吗我们不得不核实你的信息;”可知此处表示请求许可,故答案应选A;2013 甘肃白银37. Finish your homework first, then you’ll _______ watch TV for an ho ur.A. canB. be able toC. able D could答案B 考查助动词用法; will是助动词,其后应该用动词的原型,故选B;2013广东梅州35.—Amy, I hear you’ve got many foreign coins. ______ I have a look —Of course, I’ll fetch them for you. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need答案A解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:——艾米,我听说你有很多外国硬币;我可以看一下吗——当然了;我拿给你看;May I… 用于向对方提出建议或请求,意为“我可以……吗”;故选A;2013天津37.— Where are you going this month — We______ go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.A. needn’tB. mustC. mightD. mustn't答案C解析考查情态动词表推测;A“不必”表建议;B“一定”表猜测的可能性很大;C“可能,也许”表不是很肯定的猜测;D“不允许”表命令;句意:——这个月你们将去哪——我们或许去厦门,但还不确定;2013山东威海33. —May I go out for a while, Mom —No, you . You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn'tB. needn'tC. mustn'tD. won't答案B解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:妈妈,我可以出去一会吗不,你不能; 你必须首先完成你的作业;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必要;mustn’t一定不能,表示明令禁止;won’t将不能;根据答语,你必须首先完成你的作业,可知不同意出去玩;故选B;2013山东莱芜28. Students in our school ________ know shouting is not allowed in the library.A. canB. mayC. mustD. need答案C解析考查情态动词用法辨析;can可以;may也许;must必须;need需要;根据句意:学生在我们学校必须知道不允许在图书馆大喊大叫,所以选择答案C;2013湖南长沙25. —_______ I have lunch now, Mom —No. You must wash your hands first.A. WouldB. MayC. Ought to答案B解析考查情态动词用法;Would和ought to引导的问句,均不能用must回答;2013福建泉州36.— Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation—Not yet. We _______go to Qingdao . It's a good place for vacation.A. mayB. needC. must答案A解析本题考查情态动词;句意:——你已经决定到哪里过暑假了吗——还没有呢,我们也许去青岛;那是个度假的好地方;情态动词表示推测时,may表“可能”,must表“一定”,can’t表“不可能”;2013江苏徐州12. —Can I borrow your ruler,please—Yes,you . But you must return it to me before lunchtime.A. haveB. canC. mustD. used to答案B解析考查情态动词;答句意为“是的,你可以,但你必须在午饭之前归还给我”;2013江苏淮安9.—Can I park my car in front of the building —No, you ________.A. won'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. couldn't解析考查情态动词的用法;问句是由can引导的一般疑问句, 因此用can't作否定回答, 所以选择B;2013江苏常州4.—Shall I take my swimming suit—No, you . We will just go hiking in the mountain.A. mustn’tB. couldn’tC. needn’tD. can’t解析本题考查情态动词的用法;由回答后半句“我们只是去远足”可知不需要带游泳衣;故选C;2013浙江舟山、嘉兴23. Drivers ________ wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road.A. needB. canC. mustD. may解析考查情态动词的用法;句意为“司机必须系安全带当车在路上行驶的时候;”must的意思是“必须”,符合句意;故选C; 2013四川遂宁34.―Must I return the book this week ― No, you. You can it for 20 days.A. mustn’t, keepB. needn’t, borrowC. needn’t, keep解析考查情态动词及动词的含义; 句意为:—我必须这周还这本书吗—不,你不需要;你可以借20天;由must提问,否定回答是要用needn’t;borrow为非延续性的动词,不可与表示一段时间的词连用;故选C;2013四川南充32. — Excuse me, whose book is this —It ________ be John’s. It has his name on it.A. mustB. needC. can’t解析考查情态动词用法;题意:——对不起,这是谁的书——它一定是约翰的,它上面有他的名字;must “一定,准是”表猜测;need “需要”;can’t “不能,不可能”;根据题意选A;2013四川广安34. —____I swim here —No, you _____. Look at the sign “No swimming”.A. Must:can’tB. Can; don’tC. Can; mustn’t解析本题考查情态动词的用法;must引导的问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,排除A项;can 引导的问句,否定回答用can’t,排除B项;由句意“我可以在这里游泳吗”“不,千万不要;看一下那个标牌‘禁止游泳’;”2013 上海40. —Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, dad—No, you _______,son. You’re free to make your own decision.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t解析考查情态动词的辨析句意:爸爸,我必须去医学院,成为像你一样的医生吗你不必,儿子;你可以自己做决定;用must提问的句子,其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to;2013 上海35. A lot of foreigners ______ familiar with the famous places if interest in China.A. amB. is C .are D. be答案C考查动词be的用法主语foreigners是复数,因此用are;2013湖南益阳24. The man ______be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.A. mightB. mustC. c an’t解析考查情态动词的用法;must表肯定的推测,意为“一定”,可能性较大,might表示肯定推测,“可能”,可能小较小,can’t表示否定推测,意为“不可能”;根据句意:那个人不可能是我的英语老师,他去加拿大了;故选C;2013山西21. A country has dreams. We teenagers ________ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created.A. mayB. mustC. should解析考查情态动词;一个国家有梦想,我们青少年也有梦想,有梦想和努力工作,任何奇迹都能创造;may “可以”;must “必须”;should “应该”;根据题意选C;2013山东济宁19. According to the new traffic law, everyone in a car _______wear the seat belt.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will解析考查情态动词的用法;can“能”;may“可以”;m ust“必须”;will“将要”;由句意“根据新交规,乘车的每个人必须戴安全带”;只有C符合题意;2013江西30. There's only one day to go. You _____finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.A. canB. willC. mustD. may解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:只剩一天时间了,你必须到明天为止完成学校作业;四个选项中只有must表达强烈要求“必须”,因此答案选C;2013 湖北黄冈37. —Who’s the man over there Is it Mr. Black —It ______ be him. He’s much taller.A. may notB. can’tC. will notD. mustn’t解析考查情态动用法; 句意:那边那个人是谁是布莱克先生吗一定不是他,他高多了;情态动词表推测:“一定” 用must,“可能”用might、may、could;“一定不”用can’t;故选B;2013山东潍坊21. You mustn’t go off on your own, because you _______get lost in the mountains.A. shouldB. mustC. needD. might解析考查情态动词的用法;根据句意“你不许一个人去,因为你可能在大山里迷路”, might 意为“可能”,表猜测;故选D; 2013江苏盐城4.—Are you in a burry —NO, I’ve got plenty of time I wait.A. canB. can’tC. mustD. mustn’t解析情态动词的用法;can表示可能性;must表示肯定;根据句意:你忙碌吗我有大量时间,可以等;2013江苏苏州11. ______ a beautiful car I’v e never seen it before.A. WhatB. WhichC. HowD. Whether解析考查感叹句;What+a\ an形容词+名词+主语+谓语;How +形容词+主语+谓语a beautiful car为可数名词,前用what,要加a, 故选A;2013江苏苏州10. If you ______ go, at least wait until the rain stops.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will解析考查情态动词;根据句意“如果你必须得走,至少要等到雨停的”,只有C符合题意;2013山东济南40. —_________ I help you, sir —Yes. I want a T-shirt.A. CanB. ShouldC. MustD. Would解析考查情态动词辨析;根据答语“Yes. I want a T-shirt.”判断问句是售货员常用的问候语“Can I help you ”;所以答案选A;2013湖南株洲24.-Oh, it's raining hard. -Be careful The road be wet.A. couldB. mustC. might解析考查情态动词的用法;Could和might表示没有把握的推测,must表示有把握的推测;根据上句句意“正下大雨;”,可推测“路肯定很湿”;故选B;2013安徽32. You ____________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mightn’t解析考查情态动词的用法;wouldn’t意为“将不,不会”;shouldn’t意为“不应该” couldn’t意为“不能;可能不”;mightn’t 意为“可能不”;句意为:你不应该开车这么快,非常危险;故选B;2013湖北随州22. —Hello, Lisa. What's the matter —I ______find my mobile phone. _______ you seen itA.couldn't; DidB. can't; HaveC. need ; HadD. must; Are解析考查情态动词以及助动词的用法;我找不到我的手机,用can't;你见过它么现在完成时,havehas+动词的过去分词; 所以选择答案B;2013黑龙江绥化15. — Whose T-shirt is this —It ________ be John’s. It’s ________ small for him.A. can’t; much tooB. can’t; too muchC. mustn’t; too much解析考查情态动词和固定短语辨析;句意:——这是谁的T恤——不可能是约翰的;对他来说太小了;can't表示推测时,表示不可能;mustn’t 不可以,表禁止;too much太多;much too = very“很,太”的意思修饰形容词或者副词;根据句意,所以选择答案A;2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔8. -Must I return before dinner, Mum -No, you . You can come back later.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. may not解析考查情态动词的用法;must的一般疑问句,否定回答要用needn’t,故选B项;2013广西贺州39. The woman who is talking with Mr. Brown ______ be Miss Li. She has gone to England.A. can’tB. mustC. mayD. mustn’t解析考查情态动词的辨析;句意:正在和布朗先生一起交谈的那位女士_______是李小姐;她去英国了;can’t不可能,表示否定推测;must一定,肯定推测;may可能,一般推测;mustn’t,绝不,绝对禁止;根据后句的意思可知,空格表示否定推测,故选A;2013江苏连云港7. From March 23rd 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disney's US parks alone.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. mightn't解析考查情态动词的用法辨析;couldn’t“不能”,needn’t“没必要”,mustn’t “禁止”,mightn’t“不可以”; 根据句意:“3月23日起,美国迪斯尼乐园禁止14岁以下的儿童独自进入;”,所以选择B;2013四川宜宾34.—Li Lei, hurry up The bus is coming.—Oh, no. We ______ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.A. mustn’tB. may notC. needn’tD. have to解析考查情态动词的用法;由常识可知,红灯亮时我们不准越过这条街道;mustn’t“不准”符合句意;2013安徽32. You ____________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mightn’t解析考查情态动词的用法;wouldn’t意为“将不,不会”;shouldn’t意为“不应该” couldn’t意为“不能;可能不”;mightn’t 意为“可能不”;句意为:你不应该开车这么快,非常危险;故选B;2013山东泰安28. —May I smoke here —No, you _______. This is a no-smoking room.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. couldn’tD. wouldn’t解析考查情态动词否定形式的词义辨析;may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是mustn’t;2013山东青岛7. Excuse me, sir. You ______ open the door before the train stops.A. mustn'tB. needn’tC. may notD. don’t have to解析考查情态动词的用法;mustn't“千万别、一定不”,needn’t “不需要” ,may not“不可能”, don’t have to“不需要”,句意:火车停下来前,你千万不能开门;所以选择答案A;2013湖北武汉34. —Honey, stay home before I return. —I ________, mum.A. mustB. canC. willD. should解析选C;考查动词的时态;根据句意“——Honey,在我回来之前你要待在家里;——我会按照你的吩咐去做的,妈妈;”可以判断应该用一般将来时;所以选择答案C;2013甘肃兰州36. — Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground. Is it George— It ______ be him. He told me he woul d play basketball after class, but he’s not sure.A. mustn’tB. mustC. can’tD. may解析考查情态动词表推测;上句句意:看正在操场上打篮球的那个男孩,他是George 下句后一分句意思:他告诉我他下课后会去打篮球,但他不确定;由此推断George可能去打篮球;A不允许;B一定,表猜测的可能性很大;C不可能,表示否定猜测;D可能,也许;故选D;2013广东广州20.—Must I finish my homework now —No, you ______. You can go home now.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. can’t解析考查情态动词;以Must I… 开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用No, you needn’t.;故选A;2013广东37. —Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann—It ______be her. She is giving a performance at the theater now.A. mayB. mustC. can’tD. mustn’t解析考查情态动词表示推测的用法;由答语她现在在剧院进行表演,说明敲门的一定不是她,may be“可能是”把握性不大的推测,must be“一定是”肯定推测, can’t be“不可能是”用于有把握的否定推测;mustn’t表示“千万别、一定不”;所以选。
小学英语语法大全11动词动词是表示动作或行为的词。
按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词。
1、be动词(am,is,are)① be动词做谓语时,要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
用法口诀: 我用am,你用are,is 用在他、她、它,复数全用are。
如:I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese.② be动词的否定形式:am not(无缩写形式),is not=isn’t,are not=aren’t2、助动词(do,does,did)① do,does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其他人称和数用do。
其过去式did用于一般过去时。
他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
助动词后动词要用原形。
如:Do you like this film?Does she like playing football?I didn’t go to school yesterday.② 否定形式:do not = don’t,does not =doesn’t,did not=didn’t3、情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。
1)can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气些。
如:Can I use your pen? May I come in?2)must和should① must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。
六上英语一般将来时,现在进行时,一般现在时,情态动词
规则
以下是六上英语中一般将来时、现在进行时、一般现在时和情态动词的规则:
1. 一般将来时:
结构:will + 动词原形
示例:I will go to the park tomorrow.
2. 现在进行时:
结构:be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing
示例:They are playing basketball now.
3. 一般现在时:
结构:动词原形 (第三人称单数时加-s/-es)
示例:I go to school every day.
4. 情态动词:
can: 表示能力或可能性
示例:I can speak English.
may: 表示许可或可能性
示例:You may use the computer.
must: 表示必要或义务
示例:I must finish my homework.
shall: 表示建议或命令
示例:You shall stay out of the garden.
will: 表示意愿或将来时间
示例:I will help you.
这些规则是英语语法中的基础部分,需要不断练习和巩固。
如需更多信息,建议查阅语法书籍或咨询英语教师。
英语情态动词的基本用法英语情态动词的基本用法情态动词的使用一般是英语学习中的重点,以下是小编整理的英语情态动词的基本用法,欢迎参考阅读!一、情态动词的基本用法1. can基本含义与用法(1)(表示能力)能……;会……,(2)(表示可能、许可)能够……;可以,(3)(表温和的命令)请做……;得……,(4)(用于疑问句中,表请求、提议)能不能……;要不要…,(5)(用于疑问句中,表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗?”,(6)构成特殊句式:①cannot/ can never...too...或cannot...enough “无论怎么……也不过分;越……越好;非常……”。
One cannot be too careful. 越认真越好。
I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。
②cannot help doing.../ cannot help but do.../ cannnot but do...“禁不住;不由得;不得不”。
【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:表示已经发生的情况,can’t/ couldn’t have +过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。
例如:Mary couldn’t have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.表示虚拟语气,could have+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。
例如: What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.2. may基本含义与用法(1)(表准许、请求)可以、(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿;祝……。
此时,句子要用倒装语序、(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了;为了能够、(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使;无论、(5)构成句型:may/ might as well do sth. “还是做某事的好;不妨去做某事”【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:表示已经发生的情况,may/ might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。
第11讲情态动词情态动词这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。
它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。
这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。
它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:I can dance.(我会跳舞。
)can, 能, 会Be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。
但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:My little brother has been able to write.2)表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:Can/May I borrow your bike tomorrow?Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.You can’t smoke here.表示请求时肯定的回答方式有:Yes, you can.∕Of course.∕ Certainly. ∕Sure否定回答方式有:No, you can’t∕ No,you mustn’t.3)表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。
例如:He cannot/can’t be there.Can this news be true?4)could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。
这时could和can没有时间上的差别。
例如:Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?2.may和might1)表示“准许”和“许可”,这时可与can替换。
例如:May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?May I take these magazines out of the reading room? No, you mustn’t.2)表示说话人的猜测,认为某事“可能”发生,例如:Where’s John? He may be at the library.Mr. Green hasn’t talked with her. He may not know her.He may be at home.Maybe he was at home.3)might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。
这时might和may没有时间上的差异。
例如:Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes? Might I have a photo of your family?3.must1)must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。
现在式与过去式同形。
如:I must go to school today.He told me I mustn’t leave until my mother came.2)must表示推测,“一定是”、“准是”,例如:They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.Jack doesn’t look well. He must be ill.注意:➢have to表示“必须”、“不得不”,它不仅能代替must, 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,表示说话人的主观看法,而且又表示客观上的需要。
例如:If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship.➢在回答must的疑问句时,否定回答常用needn’t表示“不必”,例如:Must I return this book to you in two weeks?(这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗?)Yes, you must.(是的。
)No, you needn’t.(不,不必了。
)4.needneed(需要)既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词。
1) need作情态动词时,只用于否定句或疑问句。
例如:It’s warm today. You needn’t put on your coat.Need I post your books to you?2) need作及物动词时:need sth ∕to do sth ∕doing sth四.情态动词常见句型1、Can I help you? ——Yes, please. / No, thanks.2、Can + 主语+ 动词原形? Yes, ~can. No, ~can’t.3、Can I borrow your book?----Yes, of course.4、Can I write on the book? ------No, you can’t\mustn’t.5、Could \Can you help me?---- Yes, of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?7、May I come in ?----- Come in, please.8、May I sit here?----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t.9、May I have some Coke?---- Yes, of course.10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -----Speaking. Who’s calling?11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告:1) He should get up early.2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much.12、Should +主语+动词原形? Yes, ~should.\ No, ~shouldn’t.13、表示建议“你愿意…吗”----Would you like to go shopping with me?-----Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.14、就餐用语Would you like something to eat\drink? ----Yes, I’d like…15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?”1) Where shall we have dinner?2) Shall we go fishing? -----All right. \OK. \Good idea.16、Must + 主语+ 动词原形? ---Yes,~must.\No, ~needn’t.1.情态动词的种类和主要用法;2.各个情态动词之间的意义区分;3.常见的含有情态动词的口语;(不用添加内容,任课老师根据学生情况自行添加)适当的情态动词填空:1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________.2. ________ I use your car? Yes, you ________.3. ________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here.4. My mother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.5. ________ you like some tea?6. You ________ take more exercise.7. ________ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?8. The clock ________ tell us the time.9. ________ you like to go fishing with me?10. ________ we play football this afternoon?This is Lucy and that is Lily. They are twins. They look 1 . They are 2 . They are new students in 3 class. They are 4 Grade One. Jim can 5 them. They are new 6 . They go to the shop(商店) . They would like something 7 and drink. Lucy would like 8 some bread. Lily would like 9 a bottle of 10 . Jim would like some apples.( )1.A. a same B. the same C. same D. an same( )2.A. twin B. sisters C. brothers D. American( )3.A. Jim B. of Jim C. Jim’s D. of Jim’s( )4.A. on B. at C. in D. of( )5.A. look like B. look after C. look at D. look( )6.A. teachers B. student C. friends D. boys( )7.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats( )8.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats( )9.A. to drink B. to eat C. to give D. drink( )10.A. orange B. an orange C. oranges D. some orangeIt’s a fine day today. Jim’s families 1 having a picnic(野餐) .They put a big cloth (布)on the ground(地面). 2 it are some yellow bananas, red apples, 3 and some white eggs. The woman in the white trousers 4 Mrs Green. She is thirty-five . She is 5 English teacher in No. 12 Middle School. The man is 6 father. He is forty. His shirt is black and his trousers 7 yellow. He is a teacher, too. They have a black car, but you can’t see8 in the picture. 9 that boy? That’s Jim. He is drinking(喝水).His shirt is green. The girl 10 him is his sister, Kate. 11 is in a red dress today. Can you see the bag? Yes, it’s behind their father. What a nice picture 12 .( )1.A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t( )2.A. In B. Near C. On D. Under( )3.A.oranges oranges B.orange orangesC.orange orangeD. oranges orange( )4.A. is B. are C. in D. am( )5.A. a B. the C. an D. x( )6.A. Sam B. Sam’s C. Sams’s D. Sams’( )7.A. are B. be C. is D. have( )8.A. them B. him C. it D. her( )9.A. What’s B. Who’s C. Where’s D. How’s( )10.A. back B. behind C. of D. to( )11.A. Her B. Hers C. She D. He( )12.A. is it B. it is C. is D. itA选出正确答案。