人教版高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy基础知识练习

第 1 页 共 7 页最新高一下学期训练卷必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars英 语 （一）（本卷满分100分）一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）1.Today all of us face the problems of________(气候) change, shortage of energy and other natural resources.2.A family-friendly________(气氛) in this hotel makes travelers comfortable.3.A truck went out of control and________(碰撞) into the back of a bus.4.As we all know, Qiesenan Xu is a famous________(物理学家).5.In old times people had a________(理论) that the world was flat.6.They have almost spent as much as one________(十亿) dollars on this project.7.Because of the________(猛烈的) natural disaster, a lot of people have lost their lives.8.People suffering hunger still________(存在) in many parts of the world today.9.Smoking is________(有害的) to health, but there are still many people picking it up. 10.Some people are still________(迷惑的) about how the computer works.二、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 11．Mary is very proud because her father is ______ astronaut. 12．They don’t allow ______ (park) in front of the office. 13．It’s yo ur turn ______ (give) a presentation in front of the class. 14．Tom, as well as his parents, ______ (watch) TV at present.15．It seems to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 16．It is uncertain ______ side effects the medicine will bring.17．It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modernhotel or not.18．______ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 19. He arrived home ，________(exhaust).20. China is one of the countries most affected by (globe) warming.三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）21．________________________________________（太空旅行所需的）is careful preparations.22．It will soon be announced _______________________________（谁获得第一名）. 23．______________________________________________________（杨利伟从太空中安然着陆地球）made all Chinese exited and cheerful.24．It is still unknown _________________________（他什么时候入党的）. 25．_________________________________________________（宇航员在太空中如何吃饭、睡觉和行走）is very strange and interesting.26．__________________________________________（地球与其它行星在哪方面不同）is what are most interested in.27．It remains a secret __________________________（他为什么突然变卦）. 28．__________________________________________(何时战争才会从世上消失) is hard to say.29．(最令人满意的是)______________________________was that they finished the work in time.30．（怎样提高我们的学习成绩）______________________ is what we are most concerned about.四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）AThe Mystery of Dark Matter此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号If you look at the night sky, you'll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called “dark matter”. Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even consist of ninety per cent dark matter.How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. Recently, Dr. Jorge Penarrubia and a team from Edinburgh University discovered something interesting. The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, but dark matter may explain why.Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. The Edinburgh team is working with many other universities like the University of British Columbia.We can't see dark matter, it's very difficult to measure and we can't find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn't produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark mater may be very different from the mater which we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.The Swiss scientist Fritz Zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen-thirties. Researchers have been looking for it ever since. Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed. Investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions about the way we look at the universe, including the ideas of Albert Einstein.31．In what way do scientists find out the mass of galaxies？A．Depending on where they are.B．Depending on how much they weigh.C．According to the way they move and the laws of physics.D．By calculating how far between them and how fast they move.32．Which of the following statements about dark matter is NOT TRUE？A．It can't be seen.B．It doesn't reflect light.C．It is not unlike ordinary matter.D．It affects the movement of things.33．What may get researchers looking for dark matter？A．To change the way light bends.B．To prove the ideas of Albert Einstein.C．To collect more and more information.D．To help understand the origin of the universe.34．Which heading best matches Paragraph 5?A．It's there but we can't see it.B．Sharing ideas leads to success.C．We may need to change the way we think.D．What your eyes can see can't be fully explained.BAstronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole, which is located in a distant galaxy (星系).The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight telescopes across the world. It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).The announcement was made in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo. Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters.Prof Heino Falckc, of Radboud University in the Netherlands, who suggested the experiment, told BBC News that the black hole was found in a galaxy called M87. “What we see is larger than the size of our entire Solar System,” he said. “It has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun. And it is one of the heaviest black holes that we think exists. It is an absolute monster, the heavyweight champion of black holes in the Universe.”The image shows an intensely bright “ring of fire”, as Prof Falckc describes it, surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole. The bright halo is caused by very heated gas falling into the hole. The light is brighter than all the billions of other stars in the galaxy combined - which is why it can be seen at such distance from Earth. The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the black hole, which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull (万有引力）,not even light can escape.“It is remarkable that the image we observe is so similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations. So far, it looks like Eins tein is correct once again.” said Dr Ziri Younsi, of University College London -who is part of the EHT cooperation.Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii. They were also highly involved in follow-up data processing and theoretical analysis, said Shen Zhiqiang, head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanhai Astronomical Observatory and a member of the EHT international team.Shanghai and Taipei were selected as two of the cities to hold news conferences, together with Washington, Brussels, Santiago and Tokyo, recognition of China's contribution.“In the fields of astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astrophysics, China has made a significant contribution to this global project,” Falcke said.35．Who first got the idea for the project?A．Shen Zhiqiang. B．Heino Falcke.C．Albert Einstein. D．Ziri Younsi.36．Why are six cities selected for the announcement?A．It was the first black hole ever discovered.B．It took eight telescopes to work together.C．It was a joint effort of many countries.D．It's the heaviest of black holes.37．From the passage we know that in the experiment Chinese scientists ________.A．started the experimentB．led the experimentC．provided the equipmentD．played an important role38．What does Dr Ziri Younsi tell us about black holes in Paragraph 5?A．Black holes can swallow up everything in the Universe.B．Scientists knew about black holes before they see them.C．Einstein has been proved wrong many times.D．Black holes might be some make-up stories.五、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）Today, I was sitting with some other students and teachers as the judges of the annual singing contest of Beijing National Day School (BNDS). Watching the wonderfulperformances on stage, I could not help 39 what happened last year.Last year was the first year I came to the BNDS International Department. The first month at BNDS was almost a (n) 40 : Curiosity quickly 41 , replaced by aheavy workload. To make matters worse, I was 42 a total stranger in a newenvironment. When I was in trouble, I was too 43 to turn to anyone for help. I shutthe door to the outside world.I thought I might continue to 44 in darkness by myself, until one day, I saw the第3 页共7 页45 of the annual singing contest. If I was not brave enough to communicate in words, maybe I could 46 my heart out. Having made my decision, I joined the audition (试镜). Luckily, I 47 among more than 100 contestants and entered the top 32. After another three rounds of competition, I made 48 to the finals together with three other contestants. 49 more and more students knew that I joined the contest, they went to watch my performance, volunteered to 50 for me and then shared my singing videos on social media. It seemed that I became well-known overnight.Finally, the big day came. When I 51 the nerve to walk onstage, I could not believe my eyes. The dark theater was suddenly lit up by 52 sticks, which were like stars in a dark sky. “Come on, Becky!” A shout broke the silence, followed by k ind laughter. When it became 53 again, I began to sing.The music started, which drew me back to 54 . Now I might not remember clearly what songs I sang last year, but I would never forget the 55 in the darkness. From then on, I had my 56 , made friends, and I even joined the singing club. Singing opens the door 57 a brand-new world. I know I will stay at BNDS, and I won’t be58 .39．A．scanning B．recalling C．evaluating D．conveying 40．A．disaster B．turning C．growth D．alarm 41．A．distributed B．split C．existed D．faded 42．A．practically B．vitally C．elegantly D．digitally 43．A．exhausted B．shallow C．shy D．sharp 44．A．struggle B．sacrifice C．withdraw D．crash 45．A．detail B．sample C．application D．poster 46．A．dial B．sing C．try D．let 47．A．broke out B．came out C．stood out D．chewed out 48．A．myself B．it C．them D．itself 49．A．As B．Though C．While D．When 50．A．approve B．applaud C．vote D．qualify 51．A．filled in B．swelled up C．wound up D．got up 52．A．circulating B．linking C．crossing D．waving 53．A．stable B．quiet C．dull D．calm 54．A．truth B．fact C．reality D．case 55．A．lights B．devices C．receivers D. circumstances 56．A．companions B．fans C．opponents D．receptionists 57．A．of B．in C．to D．on 58．A．accessible B．casual C．abnormal D．alone2019-2020学年高一下学期训练卷必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 英语（一）答案一、单词拼写（每小题1.5分，共15分）1. climate2. atmosphere3. crashed4. physicist5. theory6. billion7.violent8.exist9. harmful 10.puzzled二、单句语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）11．an 12．parking 13．to give 14．is watching 15．that 16．what 17．whether / if 18．What 19.exhausted 20.global三、翻译句子（每小题2分，共20分）21．What is needed for the space trip22．who will come out first / take / get the first place23．That Yang Liwei landed on the earth safe from space24．when he joined the Party25．How astronauts eat, sleep and walk in space26．Where the earth is different from / differs from other planets27．Why he suddenly changed his mind28．When war will disappear from the world29．What satisfied us most / What made us most satisfied / What was most satisfying 30．How we can improve our studies四、阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）31-34 DCDC本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了人们对宇宙中的黑暗物质的认知及研究。

高中英语学习材料***鼎尚图文理制作***Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 同步练习(四) 一、单项选择( )1. 一How long have you lived here?一_____A. Since the beginning of the yearB. In 1990C. Only until the end of the yearD. Not long ago( )2. 一一You cooked US a wonderful meal, Mrs. Jackson.一一_____ .I’m glad you enjoyed it.A. No, just so—so.B. Thank youC. I don’t think Of myselfD. Not at a11( )3. 一Why weren’t you at school yesterday?一_____A. No, I was, sirB. Yes, I was, sirC. But, I was, sirD. I was, sir ( )4. 一May I use your dictionary?一Certainly, _____.A. give it to youB. it is hereC. here you areD. there is( )5. ——Would you mind moving away a bit? You’re standing on my foot.——_____A. Don’t mention itB. Excuse meC. I’m afraid notD. Oh, I’m very sorry( )6. ——Did you help her out with the problem?一I_____, but I didn’t.A. shouldB. didC. should haveD. have( )7. ——You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda.——I’m Sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.A. wasn’t sayingB. don’t sayC. won’t sayD. didn’t say( )8. 一Has Tom finished his composition yet?一I have no idea；he _____ it this morning.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has writtenD. was writing( )9. Will you tell me the way to the nearest post office?_____. I’m new here myself.A. Sorry, I can’tB. Sorry, I won’tC. No. I won’tD. Take bus NO. 36( )10. ——Would you like to have another drink?一_____A. Yes, go aheadB. Oh, serve it to meC. Well, I w ouldn’t say noD. Sure, as much as possible( )11. 一What you said at the meeting hurt me badly.一Sorry but_____A. don’t mean itB. don’t mean toC. didn’t mean toD. didn’t mean it( )12. 一I’m afraid I can’t finish the book within this week.一_____.A. P1ease go aheadB. That's rightC. Not at a11D. Take your time( )13. ——Have a Cup of tea, _____?一Thank you.A. have youB. won’t youC. don’t youD. haven’t you( )l 4. ——How did you find your Visit to the museum, Jane?一_____A. Oh. wonderful, indeedB. By talking a NO. 3 busC. I went there aloneD. A classmate Of mine showed me the way( )15. 一Linda, will you go Swimming with Debra this afternoon?一If you don’t, _____.A. nor shall IB. nor do IC. 1 won’t, tooD. I don’t, either二、完形填空We’re trying to decide where to go On our vacation this summer. We__1__go to Lake Arrowhead for a __2__of weeks, but we’d like to go somewhere else __3__ year. We’re tired of doing __4__ thing summer after summer. Some __5__ of ours Suggested that we go to Hawaii. That would be __6__ !I’m sure we’d __7__ a trip like that, but of course it’s impossible. In the first place, it would be terribly __8__ , and in the second place, there wouldn’t be enough __9__ . If we were to make a trip like that, 1 would want to be able to __9__ three or four weeks. If we’re __11__ enough to save some money between now and next simmer, and if I’m fortunate enough to get four weeks of __12__ instead of two weeks, maybe we can go to __13__ next year. As a matter of fact, if we wanted to __14__ a trip like that-It might be __15__ to stayhome this summer and not to go __16__ place. __17__, if we were to stay here, I could __18__ to work instead Of taking two weeks __19__ ；then maybe my __20__ would recommend that 1 would be given four week’s vacatio n next summer instead of two weeks.( )1. A. sometimes B. frequently C. occasionally D. usually( )2. A. fortnight B. couple C. 10t D. number( )3. A. next B. 1ast C. this D. that( )4. A. a different B. many a C. the same D. a tiring( )5. A. customers B. bosses C. guests D. friends( )6. A. useful B. wonderful C. helpful D. surprising( )7. A. enjoy B. have C. get D. stop( )8. A. good B. cheap C. expensive。

3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落②astronaut n . 宇航员4.system n . 系统；体系；制度 ③gravity n . 万有引力5.theory n . 学说；理论 ④satellite n . 卫星that we all behave in the same ⑤orbit n . 轨道 7.thus adv . 因此；于是 ⑥spaceship n . 宇宙飞船vt.对……有害坠落11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴 ②bump n ．&v . 撞；碰撞(声)reached an agreement that we ③collide v . 碰撞；相撞 will never use whatever ④collision n . 撞击；碰撞n ．存在 ④unbelievable 不可相信的15.globe n ．球体；地球仪；地球 ⑤uncertain 不确定的health.So there is no in ⑥unclear 不清楚的the little girl ’s face because a 1.in_time 及时；终于 1.表达“小心；当心 ”的高频短 y_eggs 下蛋1.Do remember to 3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩①watch out (for) 小心；当心4.in_one ’s_turn 轮到某人； crossing the street.②look out 当心 2.Cheer_up! Y ou must believe inyourself and you will get 5.watch_out_for 密切注意； ③tak e care 小心 ①prevent sb. from doing sth.8.break_out 突发；爆发②stop sb. from doing sth.9.prevent_..._from 阻止；制③k eep sb. from doing sth. morning.握；理解 ⑤ban sb. from doing sth. 学习-----好资料Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]1.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集的 1. (like) most people in 锦2.astronomy n . 天文学 the office who come to work by ①astronomy n ． 天文学 car , I usually come to work by bus.2.We live in a (globe)village, but this doesn ’t mean6.atmosphere n . 大气层；气氛way .8.pull n ．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 3.Do you believe the of ⑦universe n . 宇宙 9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 ghosts? P erhaps they only ⑧launch vt. 发射n . 漂浮物____ in the minds of some 2.各种“碰撞”聚焦 10.harmful adj.有害的→harm n ．害处 people.(exist)①crash v ． 碰撞； st night we had a discussion, which became moreand more . Finally we的→violence n ．暴力→violently adv . 猛烈地；激烈地12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑； (使)为难 happens.(violent)⑤run into 撞上 n ．谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑 5.There was a look on ⑥knock into 撞上 的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 3.un-前缀高频形容词全接触13.unlike prep.不同；不像→like (反义 ________problem①unlike 不像的 词)prep.像→dislike v ．& n ．不喜欢 her .(puzzle) ②unable 不能……的14.exist vi. 存 在 ； 生 存 →existence 6.Playing compute r games will ③unacceptable 不能接受的not only do to yourphysical health, but it is also________ to your mental→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 16.religion n ． 宗 教 ； 宗 教 信 仰 advising you to give it⑦uncomfortable 不舒服的 →religious adj.宗教的 up.(harm)⑧unfair 不公平的Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]选用左栏短语填空 语荟萃 watch_out_for cars while(……) 接着success.当心；提防 3.Please tell me when Mr .Smith ④be careful 小心6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到 is arriving at the train station 2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多振奋so that I can pick him up 种表达 7.depend_on 依靠；取决于in_time. (1)阻止某人做某事 4.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this止10.block_out 挡住(光线)5.Y ou ’ve made me suffer in the (2)禁止某人做某事11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌 past, so now you, ④prohibit sb. from doing sth.in_your_turn,_suffer12.now_that 既然 again ！⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.”“学习-----好资料[背原句]1.This p r od u ce d a chain reaction,whichmade it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 同步练习(四) 一、单项选择( )1. 一How long have you lived here?一_____A. Since the beginning of the yearB. In 1990C. Only until the end of the yearD. Not long ago( )2. 一一You cooked US a wonderful meal, Mrs. Jackson.一一_____ .I’m glad you enjoyed it.A. No, just so—so.B. Thank youC. I don’t think Of myselfD. Not at a11( )3. 一Why weren’t you at school yesterday?一_____A. No, I was, sirB. Yes, I was, sirC. But, I was, sirD. I was, sir ( )4. 一May I use your dictionary?一Certainly, _____.A. give it to youB. it is hereC. here you areD. there is( )5. ——Would you mind moving away a bit? You’re standing on my foot.——_____A. Don’t mention itB. Excuse meC. I’m afraid notD. Oh, I’m very sorry( )6. ——Did you help her out with the problem?一I_____, but I didn’t.A. shouldB. didC. should haveD. have( )7. ——You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda.——I’m Sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.A. wasn’t sayingB. don’t sayC. won’t sayD. didn’t say( )8. 一Has Tom finished his composition yet?一I have no idea；he _____ it this morning.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has writtenD. was writing( )9. Will you tell me the way to the nearest post office?_____. I’m new here myself.A. Sorry, I can’tB. Sorry, I won’tC. No. I won’tD. Take bus NO. 36( )10. ——Would you like to have another drink?一_____A. Yes, go aheadB. Oh, serve it to meC. Well, I w ouldn’t say noD. Sure, as much as possible( )11. 一What you said at the meeting hurt me badly.一Sorry but_____A. don’t mean itB. don’t mean toC. didn’t mean toD. didn’t mean it( )12. 一I’m afraid I can’t finish the book within this week.一_____.A. P1ease go aheadB. That's rightC. Not at a11D. Take your time( )13. ——Have a Cup of tea, _____?一Thank you.A. have youB. won’t youC. don’t youD. haven’t you( )l 4. ——How did you find your Visit to the museum, Jane?一_____A. Oh. wonderful, indeedB. By talking a NO. 3 busC. I went there aloneD. A classmate Of mine showed me the way( )15. 一Linda, will you go Swimming with Debra this afternoon?一If you don’t, _____.A. nor shall IB. nor do IC. 1 won’t, tooD. I don’t, either二、完形填空We’re trying to decide where to go On our vacation this summer. We__1__go to Lake Arrowhead for a __2__of weeks, but we’d like to go somewhere else __3__ year. We’re tired of doing __4__ thing summer after summer. Some __5__ of ours Suggested that we go to Hawaii. That would be __6__ !I’m sure we’d __7__ a trip like that, but of course it’s impossible. In the first place, it would be terribly __8__ , and in the second place, there wouldn’t be enough __9__ . If we were to make a trip like that, 1 would want to be able to __9__ three or four weeks. If we’re __11__ enough to save some money between now and next simmer, and if I’m fortunate enough to get four weeks of __12__ instead of two weeks, maybe we can go to __13__ next year. As a matter of fact, if we wanted to __14__ a trip like that-It might be __15__ to stay home this summer and not to go __16__ place. __17__, if we were to stay here, I could __18__ to work instead Of taking two weeks __19__ ；then maybe my __20__ would recommend that 1 would be given four week’s vacatio n next summer instead of two weeks.( )1. A. sometimes B. frequently C. occasionally D. usually( )2. A. fortnight B. couple C. 10t D. number( )3. A. next B. 1ast C. this D. that( )4. A. a different B. many a C. the same D. a tiring( )5. A. customers B. bosses C. guests D. friends( )6. A. useful B. wonderful C. helpful D. surprising( )7. A. enjoy B. have C. get D. stop( )8. A. good B. cheap C. expensive。