情态动词专题

第十二章 情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 1. A computer_________think for itself, it must be told what to do.(1990) A. can’t B. couldn't C. may not D. might not 2. Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself. (1996) A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't 3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______get out. (1997) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 4. Peter _______ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. (1993) A. must B. may C. can D. will 5. ---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course you ________. (1992) A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. ---Shall I tell John about it? ---No, you_______, I've told him already. (1994) A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack _______ be here at any moment. (1995) A. must B. need C. should D. can 8. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (1996,上海) A. would B. should C. had better D. might 9. I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher. (1995,上海) A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 10. ---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They_______be ready by 12:00. (1998) A. can B. should C. might D. need 11. ---Will you stay for lunch? ---Sorry, _______. My brother is coming to see me.(1999) A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 12. Sorry,I’m late.I_______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000春季) A.might B.should C.can D.will 13.---Is John coming by train? ---He should,but he______not.He likes driving his car. (2002) A.must B.can C.need D.may 常用的情态动词有:can，may，must，need，wm，shall，would，could，should，dare，used to，ought to等。它们不能在句子中独立作谓语。它们的用法如下。 (一)can的用法 can的用法有:1)意为"能够;会"，表示体力或脑力等方面的能力;2)意为"可以"，表示许可，常在口语中代替may;3)意为"可能;会"，用在肯定陈述句中表示可能性，用在否定句中或疑问句中表示猜测、惊异等。如: I can't find his telephone number.我找不到他的电话号码。 Can I keep the book for a few days?我借这本书看几天可以吗? You can't be serious!你不会是当真吧! [注意] can和be able to的区别 当can和could表示能力时，有时可以用be able to替换，由于can和could只能表示现在时和一般过去时，当我们需要用现在完成时或其他时态时，就可以用be able to来表示。例： She hasn't been able to come to school for three days.她已经三天没能来上学了。 其次，当我们要强调过去确实使用了某种能力时，要用was（were）able to，而不用could。was able to 表示“设法干成某事”，即succeed in doing sth.或manage to do sth.而could只表示“具备某种能力”。 He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day。 当说话的人对一件事表示肯定的判断时用情态动词must，当说话的人对一件事持否定的态度，这种判断用情态动词can’t或couldn’t。 ①The man with glasses must be Tom's father. They look alike. 戴眼镜的那个人肯定是汤姆的父亲。他们看起来很像。 ②Jack can't be in the classroom. I saw him on the playground just a moment ago. 杰克不可能在教室里。我刚才看见他在操场上。 (二)could的用法 could的用法有:1)在过去的语境中，表示过去的能力、许可、可能等;2)若不是出现在过去的语境中，它就是表达委婉口气，表示一种客气的请求、礼貌的建议等，这时could与can"时间上没有差别;3)could have done表示对过去发生事情的推测或表示过去可能做某事而没做。如: I couldn't speak English two years ago.两年前我不会说英语。 Where could she hove gone?她会去哪儿了呢？ Could you turn your radio down, please?你把收音机开小一点好吗? (三)may的用法 may的用法如下:1)表示许可，疑问句的否定回答用mustn’t;2）表示可能或猜测;3)may have done表示对过去 "可能性"的猜测。如: You may go now.你现在可以走了。 If a person loses one third of his blood, he may die.一个人的血如果流失1/3，他就可能死亡。 Something may have happened to her.她可能出什么事了。 (四)might的用法 might的用法如下:1)在过去的语境中，表示过去的"许可"或"可能";2)若不是出现在过去的语境中，它仅表示一种比may更婉转的口气。如: She asked if he might go home then.她询问，她那时是否可以回家。 Might I use your telephone?我可以用用您的电话吗? (五)will的用法 will的用法如下:1)用来构成将来时，可用于各种人称;2)表示 "意愿;允诺";3)表示习惯性动作，有 "总是;惯于"的意思;4)表示 "推测"。如: We will arrive after dark.我们将在天黑后到达。 You can do it well, if you will.你能够做好的，只要你愿意。 Fish will die out of water.鱼儿离开水总是要死的。 That will be the doctor we are looking for.那大概就是我们要找的医生。 (六)would的用法 would的用法如下:1)在过去的语境中表示过去的预见、意愿、习惯性动作;2)表示现在的请求或个人想法，比will语气更加婉转;3)表示一种推测，要比will婉转;4)would have done用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况。如: He said he would come.他说他要来。 Would you mind closing the door?请你关上门好吗? John would seem the best man for the job.约翰也许是这个工作的最佳人选。 I would have done it if I were you.如果我是你，当时我会做的。 (七)shall的用法 shall的用法如下:1)在传统语法中，用于第一一人称主语表示"将来";2)用于陈述句第