最新高中英语语法总结SummaryofSeniorEnglishGrammar教学内容
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名师精编优秀资料Summary of Senior English Grammar ********************* Section One 名词*************************** * 名词的种类专有名词，eg 人名，国家名，地区名等 Tom, France 个体名词，eg 可数名词 country,gun,soldier 集体名词，eg 表示一个可数集团 family,team,crowd 物质名词，eg 不可数名词 meat,rice,paper 抽象名词，eg 非“自然”产物 youth,beauty,life * 名词的复数形式1.一般加s. eg researchers,plans,poems 2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾一般加es. eg classes,boxes,kisses,watches,brushes 注：stomach例外，stomachs. 3.辅音+y的y变为ies. eg ladies,factories 4.元音+y的直接加s. eg plays,boys 5.结尾为o的一般加es. eg tomatoes,potatoes,heroes 注：尾部为两个元音的以及部分外来语只加s. 名师精编优秀资料eg radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,photos,pianos,kilos,tabaccos. 6.以f,fe结尾的变f/fe为ves. eg wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,half-halves. 注：也有例外，roofs,cliffs,chiefs,gulfs,beliefs. 7.改变元音字母. eg man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,ox-oxen 8.复合名词之后加s. eg armchairs,bookcases,bookstores 9.man和woman做定语，前后名词都要复数. eg man doctor-men doctors,woman driver-women drivers. 注：其他没有这类规则 eg boy student-boy students,lady driver-lady drivers 10.与介词或副词构成的复合名词在主体名词上加s. eg brothers-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,standers-by,comrade-in-arms变为comrades-in-arms 11.个别单词单数复数形式相同. 名师精编优秀资料eg Chinese,works工厂，means手段，sheep,deer,fish,Japanese. * 物质名词和抽象名词的复数形式具有特殊含义。物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，有时转为复数形式通常用于表示类别。eg teas各种茶，gases各种气体，fruits各种水果有些名词的复数形式其意义发生变化。eg time时间-times时代，次数。looks外貌，greens青菜，goods货物，sands沙漠，沙滩。* 有些名词根据具体情况确定是否使用复数。eg (全部)头发hair,几根白头发a few white hairs. 经验experience,经历experiences. 工作work，著作works. 纸paper,论文，文件，试卷papers. 帮助help,帮手，助手helps. 惊讶surprise,令人惊奇的事surprises. * 专有名词前加不定冠词a时可以表示“像……的人或事”，“叫……的人”eg he wishes to be an Edison.希望成为爱迪生式的人。 a Mr. Wang is waiting for you at the gate. 一个叫王先生的在门口等你。* 名词所有格1.一般直接加's. eg a man's job,a child's voice,the bird's mouth,women's 名师精编优秀资料clothes,the people's choice. 2.以s结尾的复数名词只加'. eg the Greens' car,the girls' teacher. 3.复合名词在最后加's. eg my sister-in-law's father,each other's shortcomings,somebody else's book * 双重所有格of+“名词所有格或名词性物主代词”eg a friend of mine, the naughty daughter of the Green's,a few articles of Li's,a friend of my mother's. * “数词-名词-（形容词）”做定语eg nine-story九层楼的，120-mile 120英里的，five-year-old 五岁的，200-foot-long 200英尺长的。*********************************************************************************** Section Two 代词* 人称代词1.并列结构中I或me位于其他代词之后，eg you,she and i will be in charge of the work. 2.承担责任时，要把I放在首位，eg I and Tom broke the window by accident. 3.注意人称代词主格和宾格的用法，eg it was me who they wanted to 名师精编优秀资料see. 4.we和you常用来泛指一般人，eg under such conditions,we/you should be more careful. 5.she可以代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等，eg the country needs strong leaders,may she always have them? the Titanic was the largest,wasn't she? * 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词（eg my,your,their）和名词性物主代词（eg mine,hers,ours,yours）。* 反身代词oneself 1.做宾语please help yourself. 2.做表语the poor boy mentioned in the story was myself. i am not quite myself today. 3.做主语或宾语的同位语,表示“亲自，本人”i will go and look into the matter myself. 4.与介词搭配discuss it among yourselves. he lives all by himself in the country. * 指示代词(this,that,these,those) 名师精编优秀资料具有形容词和代词的词性，可以做定语，主语，宾语，表语等。this is what i just want to tell you. you should always keep this in mind. 1.打电话时用this自我介绍，that询问对方。hello!this is Yang Yang speaking.who is that speaking? 2.this/that可以充当副词so使用。i did never think that it was this hot in Taian. 3.such也是指示代词。such are the results of the experiment. * 不定代词不定代词主要有：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no等。其中除了every和no只能做定语外，其他均可做主语，宾语，表语或定语。另外还有some,any,no,every的合成代词。1.both，either,neither的用法均表示两者的关系。both两者都（动词复数），either任何一个（动词单数），neither没有一个（动词单数）。both banks of the river are covered with bushes. neither of them drinks beer. we are both interested in the subject. 2.each,every的用法名师精编优秀资料each强调个体，every强调整体。each可以做同位语，every只能做定语。they have each got a new textbook. they have got a new textbook each. each of them have got a new textbook. every other day 每隔一天，每两天（不能用each）。3.none，no的用法none做主语，宾语，同位语等，no做定语。none of 所接的动词采用单复数均可，后接不可数名词的表语时应使用动词单数，后接可数名词复数做表语时使用动词复数。none of that money on the table is mine. none of them are film fans. we are almost home,we will be home in no time. 4.other,the other,others,another,the rest的用法other可作形容词或代词，常与some,any,no,many等连用。the other表示“两者中的另一个”，做代词或形容词。others表示“另外的，其他的”，常与some连用。the others表示“其余的”，只能代替可数名词。the rest表示“其余的”，可以代替可数名词和不可数名词。she has two other brothers besides John. why not try doing it some other day? no other people know the truth except Tom.
