英语国家概况(课后问答题)

英语国家概况（课后问答题）

第一部分英国概况

1 What are the differences between

Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United

Kingdom and the British

Commonwealth?

Britain is the shortened form of the

United kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland while the British Isles

is a geographical name.

2 What are the three political

divisions on the island of Great

Britain?

They are England, Scotland and Wales

3. What is the official name of Great

Britain？

The United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland

4. Where did the King Harold defeat

Tostig and Harold Hardrada? ( At Stanford Bridge)

5.What did William do after he

suppressed镇压the Saxon risings in

the north? (He built a string of defense防卫

castles to ensure his military control of

the whole country.)

6. How long was Britain under the

Roman occupation?

( For nearly 400 years)

7 What was the peculiar features of

the feudal system of England?

(All landowners, whether the

tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,

not only to their immediate lord, but

also to the king.)

8 What did Willliam I leave to his

sons after he died?

( He left Normandy to his eldest son,

Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to

his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policy towards the church?

(He wanted to keep it completely under

his control, but at the same time to upload its power.)

10 When was the Domesday Book

completed?

( In 1086)

11 What was the consequence of the

Hundred Years’ War?

(The French drove the English out of

their land. By 1453, Calais was the

only part of France that was still in the

hands of English)

12 What did the Lollards preach?

(The Lollards preached the equality of

men before God)

13 What were the two countries

Elizabeth I successfully played off

against each other for nearly 30 years?

( France and Spain were the two

countries that Elizabeth I successfully

played off against each other for nearly 30 years)

14 What was the outcome结果of

the English Civil War? (It not only overthrew feudal system in

England but also shook the foundation

of the feudal rule in Europe. It is

generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.)

15 What were the three main causes

of Henry VIII’s religious reform of

the Church?

( The three main causes were: a desire

for change and reform in the Church

had been growing for many years and

now, encouraged by the success of

Marin Luther, many people believed its

time had come; the privilege and wealth of the clergy were also resented;

and Henry needed money) 16 Which party did Margaret Thatcher represent in the 1970s?

(She represented the Conservative

Party) 17 What did the Whigs stand for in

the early 19th century?

Whigs stood for a reduction in Crown

patronage, sympathy towards

Nonconformists, and care for the

interests of merchants and bankers.

18 Why did changes in farming methods改变耕作方式affect lives of

millions in the 18th century?

(Because village and agriculture were

the backbone of England at that time.)

19 When did Britain finally become

a full member of the European

Economic Community? (Britain finally became a full member

of the European Economic Community

in January, 1973) 没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher

removed from office in 1990?

(It was because of her opposition to

European Union and her imposition of an extremely unpopular flatrate ‘poll

tax’　in place of property taxes to pay

for local government service.

21 What were the two groups of the

Chartiests? What was their

difference?

(The Chartists could be divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists

and the Physical Force Chartists. The

former wanted to realize their aims by peaceful means while the latter wanted

to achieve their purpose by violence)

22 What was the goal of the London Working Men’s Association in its

struggle?

(It aimed to ‘　to seek by every legal

means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political and social

rights)

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欢迎下载2 23 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th

century? (Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)

24 Who has the power to declare war

and make peace in the UK?(The

Queen)

25 How many members of

Parliament does the House of

Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)

26 What does the British Parliament

consist of ? (It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons)

27 What did the term ‘parliament’　

originally mean? ( It originally meant a meeting for

parley or discussion)

28 Where does the Sovereign’s

coronationtake place?

(It takes place at Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂in London)