“项庄舞剑,意在沛公”典故赏析
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this King Xiang agreed.⑨ The next moment saw Xiang Zhuang draw out his sword and begin to dance∞.Seeing this. Xiang Bo followed sui —drawing out his own sword and doing a sword dance,too.But he was only trying to shield Pei Gong,protecting him with his OWn body from time to time.His action left Xiang Zhuang no chance to assault Pei Gong. At this moment,Zhang Liang went outside the camp and f0und Liu’s general Fan Kuai at the entrance. “How are things going on there just now?” asked Fan eagerly. “Very precarious(危险的).Now Xiang Zhuang is doing a sword dance.It is obvious that he’s trying to make an attempt on Pei Gong’s life ̄’’,answered Zhang Liang. “Then this is a critical moment.Let me go in and grapple with Xiang Zhuang,”Fan said. With these words,Fan pushed his wa in,with a sword and shield in his hands,He was stopped by the two sentry(哨兵)guards who had their spears crossed ̄.Fan raised his shield to fend off@the spears with such a great force that the guards fell to the ground,and walked straight in... 注释: 1....bringing with him about a hundred horsemen 现在分词作伴随状语,修饰谓语came这个动作。 2.这里“you in the areas north of the Yellow River and I in the south”是“you are in the areas north of the Yellow River and I am in the south”的省略 形式。 3.speak ill of sb.,说某人的坏话。类似的表达有: speak well of sb,,表扬……;speak highly of sb.,赞 扬……。 4.while在这里作连词,表示转折、对比等意思。 如: I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢茶而她 喜欢咖啡。 5.take action without delay立刻采取行动 6.impatient ̄E这里是形容词作状语,表明范增不 耐烦的心情。这里使用了添加词汇的翻译手法。 7.“drink a toast to sb.”意为“向……敬酒”,也 荚陪・行别承 V 可以说“propose a toast to sb.”。 8.“acted as instructed”是“acted as he was instructed(by Fan Zheng)”的省略形式. 9.“To this King Xiang agreed”也可以说成 “King Xiang agreed to this”。to this放在了句首,是 为了使句子间衔接自然,表示项王欣然同意。 1n在英语中,表示无生命的事物或概念的名词可 以被人格化用作主语,后接see,find,discove 动词。in: The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.1949年见证了中华人民共和国 的成立。 11. ̄llow suit跟着做,照着做。如: Seeing his father bow in respect,the boy ̄llowed suit.见父亲恭敬地鞠了一躬,男孩也照着做了。 12.“It is obvious that he’s trying to make an attempt on Pei Gong’s life”中it作形式主语,而that从 句是真正的主语。 13.push one’s way意为“推开一条路”。如: He pushed his way through the crowd to the counter for a close look.他推开人群来到柜台前,想 看个仔细。 14….had their spears crossed,“使长矛交叉”, 是“have sth.done”结构,crossed ̄宾 ̄spears的补足语。 15.fend off挡开。如: He was able to fend off the blow with his arm. 他用胳膊挡住了这一击。 总评: 本文原文选自《史记・项羽本纪》,译文选白杨立 义的《中国古代散文选(英汉对照)》。同学们在阅读 译文时可对照原文,先分析句子结构,注意用词和表 达。英语中旬子的划分、组合以及句中主从成分的安 排自有规律,不同于汉语(英语较汉语更倾向于突 出主从关系)。例如原文第一句“沛公旦日从百余骑来 见项王,至鸿门,谢日:……”在译文中使用了现在分 词短语“bringing with him about a hundred horsemen” 作came to call on Pei Gong的伴随状语,沛公向项王 表达歉意另起一句,使用‘'when he arrived at Honl0men” 作时间状语,这体现了英文句子结构注重形合的特点。 再例如选文最后一句“樊哙侧其盾以撞,卫士扑地, 哙遂入……”在译文中使用了“such…that…”结构,表 达贴切、地道。 总之,该译作忠实于原文意思,生动地讲述了“项 庄舞剑,意在沛公”这一典故,值得一读。
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