清华北大人大考博英语语法独立主格

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清华北大人大考博英语语法独立主格、虚拟语气、倒装
独立主格特征
1.充当句子的状语。
2.有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。
3.名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+分词
4.With+名词(代词)+分词(形容词)
例:a)Itbeingraining,Idecidedtostayathome.
b)Speechhavingbeendelivered,discussionstarted.
c)heenteredtheroom,withhishandsopen(holdingarifle).
真题剖析
(1995)45cliffsnolongercrumbling,thebeachesare46ofthe
materialwhichwould47feedthem.
45.A.ForB.AsC.WithD.Because
练习:Dowhatyouneedtodotokeepthewolf__7__fromthedoor,
theworld__8__yourthesisadviser,teamleader,orlaboratory
director.Thenusetherestofyourtime,perhapsatnightoronthe
weekends,todo__9__youreallywanttodo.
8.A.isB.havingC.beingD.be
虚拟语气
虚拟语气(2)
1.(should)+动词原形
It+be动词+形容词(-able)(essential,odd,vital,absurd,
regrettable,desirable…)+that从句
It+be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
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It+be动词+过去分词(ordered,begged,voted,moved…)+that从句
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等)+that从句
2.It’s(high,about)timethat+动词过去式
wouldrather+动词过去式
真题剖析
(1997)…Iwouldn’tbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingis
hardwork.…

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47.A.doB.didC.don’tD.didn’t
(1993)…TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbanner
headlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52,andthey53thatthe
professorbesenthome.
53.A.orderedB.pleadedC.decidedD.demanded
练习:Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownership
explosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.
Itishightimethatwe__15__thismessagetoheart.
15.A.tookB.wouldtakeC.willtakeD.shouldtake
(2003.3)Itisedifying,anditisasourceofinnersatisfaction
even__54__otherfacetsoflifeprovedisappointing.
(evenifotherfacetsoflifeshouldprovedisappointing.)
54.A.shallB.willC.wouldD.should
非谓语动词
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动名词、分词、不定式。
主动或被动。(doing/done,todo/tobedone)
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/havingdone/havingbeen
done,todo/tohavedone/tohavebeen)
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。
真题剖析
(2000)…IntheinnercitiesofAmerica,newspapersregularly
reportonnewbornbabies60intogarbagebinsbydrug-addicted
mothers.
60.A.droppedB.todropC.droppingD.drops
(2001.3)Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsa59life:his
increasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfrom
working,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhuman
ways.
59.A.destructiveB.dissatisfiedC.damagedD.derivative
主谓一致
1.整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。
Howyougottheredoesn’tconcernme.
Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering.
2.表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。
Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon.
3.以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics,economics,measles,
diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。
4.“分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded(theareaisunderwater).
5.不定代词(one,each,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,
nobody,nothing,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,
something等)作主语,谓语用单数。
Everyoneknowsthatyou’vecomehere.
Ifanybodywantstoseeme,letthemwaittillIcomeback.
(--thing的情况例外)
6.谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(aswellas,with,along
with,togetherwith,asmuchas,accompaniedby,besides,but,except,
inadditionto,like,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,including
等)
HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature.
7.谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or,either…or,neither…nor,
notonly…butalso,not…but,partly…partly等)
Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.
8.each,every,manya,no…+主语,谓语用单数。
ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall.
真题剖析
(2000)…MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleand
Calcuttatwelvemillion.AccordingtotheWorldBank,53ofAfrica’s
citiesaregrowingby10%ayear,54ofurbanizationeverrecorded.
53.A.noneB.fewC.anyD.some

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