Omega地震数据处理系统介绍

作者： 姜丽娟
作者机构： 大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院计算机网络研究室,黑龙江大庆163712出版物刊名： 科技资讯
页码： 5-5页
年卷期： 2014年 第24期
主题词： nfs autofs mount
摘要：计算机技术发展到今天,LINUX已经在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用.从单机系统到上百台微机构成的大型集群系统,都可以看到LINUX的影子.我们要在Linux中使用任何文件系统,都必须先将其挂接至Linux目录树的某个目录下,当该文件系统不再使用时,还需要将其卸载.在Linux 中,我们一般使用Mount与Umount命令来完成挂接和卸载功能.本文将介绍另一种能完成文件系统挂接与卸载的工具——Autofs,它是一个客户端的守护进程,它能够根据实际需要,实时触发对NFS共享资源的自动挂接.通过研究开发,并结合生产实际应用于大庆HP集群Omeaga地震资料处理软件中.。

MODULAR SIGNAL CONDITIONING SYSTEMFOR STRAIN GAGE BRIDGES, mV, AND OTHER SENSOR SIGNALS ߜCompact, Light, and Convenient to Use ߜEasy Access to All Trimpots ߜIntegral BridgeCompletion Resistors ߜAdjustable Bridge Sensor Excitation ߜAdjustable Filter Frequency—AC or DC Operation ߜScrew-Clamp Terminal BlocksThe OMEGA ®OM2 modular signal conditioning system provides a low-cost, versatile method ofinterconnecting a variety of analog signals to measurement and control systems. OM2 modules interface directly with sensors and analog signal devices such as strain gages and mV output sensors. The module conditions the input signal to an amplified voltage output of ±10 Vdc, allowing longer signal transmission and interfacing with data acquisition products such as analog/digital cards, data loggers,PLCs, and chart recorders. The backplane includes a power supply (to power the modules) and rails for convenient mounting. All connections are easily made with a screwdriver.The backplane is available with a 115 Vac, 230 Vac, or 10 to 36 Vdc power supply.The backplane andsignal conditioner assemblyafford a convenient, lightweight, and accurate method of multiple signal conditioning in instrumentation environments. The signalconditioning modules can also be used by themselves as single amplifier devices. An optionalinterface mounting block with screw terminations permits easy power and output signal hookup. A typical system includes 6 modules and 1 backplane/power supply assembly.SGD Series strain gage, shown larger than actual size, see page E-12 for details.PX209, pressure transducer, $195, shown smaller than actual size, seesection B for details.OM2-163, modules, $370 each,with OM2-8608, 8-position backplane,$520, shown smaller than actual size.LC101, $305, shown actual size, see section F for details.Starts at$355OM2 SeriesCACCESSORIESHalf- or Full-Bridge Inputs On-Board Bridge BalanceInput Power:±15 Vdc @ 12 mABridge Supply:4 to 10 Vdc @ 130 mA Line and Load Regulation:0.05%Output Noise:200 pV p-pThe OM2-162 is a complete signal designed expressly for either half- OM2-162, $355,shown larger than actual size.STRAIN GAGE BRIDGE AMPLIFIER MODULESWITH INTEGRAL BRIDGE COMPLETION CIRCUITRYOM2-163$370ߜ1⁄4, 1⁄2, andFull-Bridge Inputs ߜGain of 2 to 5000ߜRemote Sensing Eliminates Lead Resistance Effects ߜOn-Board Bridge Balance Trimpot ߜDIP Switch CutoffFrequency Adjustment ߜBridge Supply from 4 to 10 Vdcߜ1⁄2Bridge Completion Resistors On-Board ߜ1⁄4Bridge Completion Resistor—User SuppliedOutput Max:±10 Vdc Linearity:0.002%Input Offset Voltage (Adjustable):±2 mVInput Power:±15 Vdc @ 45 mABridge Supply:4 to 10 Vdc @ 120 mA Load Regulation:0.02% max Noise Voltage:1 mVrms max Dynamic Response @ Gain 100:10 kHzGain Temp Coefficient:±75 ppm/°C using trimpots; 25 ppm/°C aloneInput Resistance:Differential 10 M ΩCommon Mode:500 M ΩCommon-Mode Voltage:-7 to 7V Minimum Load Resistance:2 k ΩHysteresis: 8 mV maxLeakage Current:10 µA Response Time: 70 µsOperating Temperature Range:-25 to 55°C (-13 to 131°F)The OM2-163 is a complete signal conditioning system on a card designed expressly for single half- or full-bridge transducers. It consists of a high-performance instrumentation amplifier, a user-adjustable active filter, a high-stability bridge supply, and all the required circuity, trimpots, etc. To get acomplete system up and running, the only required point-to-point wiring is inputs, outputs, and power.The unit provides coarse and fine gain adjustments, along with input and output offset adjustments, DIP switches for setting the bridgesupply output, and active low-pass filter cutoff frequency.SPECIFICATIONSGain Range:100 to 500 card only, 2 to 5000 with external resistorExternal Gain Resistor Calculation: R = 100,000/(gain – 2)OM2-163, $370, shown larger than actual size.OM2-165, $325,shown actual size.Integral Zero and SpanMODULAR SIGNAL CONDITIONING SYSTEM1⁄4, 1⁄2, FULL BRIDGE, 1 TO 8 CHANNELSSPECIFICATIONSFor OM2-8100 Mounting Rails Length:16" total; 15" usableSpacing:0.5" spaced mounting holes Material: Black anodized aluminumOrdering Example:Complete system, including OM2-162,signal conditioning module for 1⁄2and full-bridge strain gage measurement, OM2-2006,single module back panel with power supply and OM2-8100,mounting rails, $355 + 235 + 45 = $635.*Limited supply/product discontinued.OM2-2006, 115 Vacsingle-position backplane, $235.OM2-2005, single-position backplane,$52.OM2-8608-115AC, 8-position backplane, $520.All models shownsmaller than actual size.OM2-8100,mounting rails, $45.CANADA www.omega.ca Laval(Quebec) 1-800-TC-OMEGA UNITED KINGDOM www. Manchester, England0800-488-488GERMANY www.omega.deDeckenpfronn, Germany************FRANCE www.omega.fr Guyancourt, France088-466-342BENELUX www.omega.nl Amstelveen, NL 0800-099-33-44UNITED STATES 1-800-TC-OMEGA Stamford, CT.CZECH REPUBLIC www.omegaeng.cz Karviná, Czech Republic596-311-899TemperatureCalibrators, Connectors, General Test and MeasurementInstruments, Glass Bulb Thermometers, Handheld Instruments for Temperature Measurement, Ice Point References,Indicating Labels, Crayons, Cements and Lacquers, Infrared Temperature Measurement Instruments, Recorders Relative Humidity Measurement Instruments, RTD Probes, Elements and Assemblies, Temperature & Process Meters, Timers and Counters, Temperature and Process Controllers and Power Switching Devices, Thermistor Elements, Probes andAssemblies,Thermocouples Thermowells and Head and Well Assemblies, Transmitters, WirePressure, Strain and ForceDisplacement Transducers, Dynamic Measurement Force Sensors, Instrumentation for Pressure and Strain Measurements, Load Cells, Pressure Gauges, PressureReference Section, Pressure Switches, Pressure Transducers, Proximity Transducers, Regulators,Strain Gages, Torque Transducers, ValvespH and ConductivityConductivity Instrumentation, Dissolved OxygenInstrumentation, Environmental Instrumentation, pH Electrodes and Instruments, Water and Soil Analysis InstrumentationHeatersBand Heaters, Cartridge Heaters, Circulation Heaters, Comfort Heaters, Controllers, Meters and SwitchingDevices, Flexible Heaters, General Test and Measurement Instruments, Heater Hook-up Wire, Heating Cable Systems, Immersion Heaters, Process Air and Duct, Heaters, Radiant Heaters, Strip Heaters, Tubular HeatersFlow and LevelAir Velocity Indicators, Doppler Flowmeters, LevelMeasurement, Magnetic Flowmeters, Mass Flowmeters,Pitot Tubes, Pumps, Rotameters, Turbine and Paddle Wheel Flowmeters, Ultrasonic Flowmeters, Valves, Variable Area Flowmeters, Vortex Shedding FlowmetersData AcquisitionAuto-Dialers and Alarm Monitoring Systems, Communication Products and Converters, Data Acquisition and Analysis Software, Data LoggersPlug-in Cards, Signal Conditioners, USB, RS232, RS485 and Parallel Port Data Acquisition Systems, Wireless Transmitters and Receivers。

物探处理技术概述1.海洋物探处理技术简介地震数据处理的主要目的是通过对采集的地震反射波数据进行信噪比、分辨率及保真度技术处理，解释处理结果，根据结果判断油气藏分布，为后续开采提供技术性资料。

地震数据处理结果质量高低不仅依赖于采集的数据质量，而且还依赖于地震数据的具体处理技术方法。

近年来，随着计算机处理能力的提高，特别是PC-Cluster 技术、并行计算技术的迅猛发展、地震数据采集手段和方法的迭代更新，技术发生了巨大的变化。

如叠前时间偏移技术、数据属性体技术普遍应用于生产，另外，有关高精度、复杂地形的数据处理技术也逐步为人所知。

海洋勘探采集的数据一方面存在多种干扰能量，需要通过处理手段予以消除；另一方面其表现形式很不直观，与地下地质构造形态间的关系不明显，不能方便地反映岩层构造形态和特征，更不能反映岩性、储层等方面的变化。

2．软件简介2.1 FOCUS系统简介FOCUS是美国CogniSeis公司(现为以色列Paradigm公司收购)的一个地震资料处理软件，总计包含近400个模块，具备地表一致性处理、基于神经网络的初至拾取和折射静校正、三维保真DMO处理、基于波动方程反演的多次波压制、叠前深度偏移技术等。

Focus 地震处理系统特色如下:（1）并行处理能力包括系统级及应用级的并行化，系统运行于X－WINDOW 环境下。

（2）交互式的作业准备提供连机帮助（HTML）快速参数定义及相位误差检查。

（3）综合的开放式数据库存放所有的地震处理参数、作业流程、磁带信息及磁盘文件。

（4）基于XY 位置的三维内插交互生成作业流程。

（5）通过使用图形作业建立器用户可以交互式的观看处理结果，提供批量处理能力。

（6）使用FOCUS 编辑器或任何UNIX 兼容编辑器。

提供系统纠错和文件管理员。

（7）通过ULA 可实现LANDMARK、GEOQUEST、SEISX 和VOXELGEO 之间的数据及层位交换。

（8）提供源程序及开发库，为编程开发提供条件。

Omega地震资料处理系统XPERT和REFLECTION_MISER模块剖析摘要：对XPERT和REFLECTION_MISER模块进行剖析，结合理论知识和实际工作中所积累的一些经验对如何正确完成其中的每一个步骤进行详细的指导。

关键词：CMP，XCMP，in-line，crossline，REFLECTION_MISER，XPERT，模型，模型片段，模型扩展，模型segment，时移量限定值（shift limit），相对模型加权，修改过模型片段加权，时窗标记。

前言静校正问题在地震资料数据处理中是一个十分重要的问题，对于地形起伏剧烈的四川和有类似情况的其它工区来说尤其的关键。

静校问题解决的好坏直接影响到处理出的地震资料成像效果和是否能真实反映地下构造的形态。

为了能在生产中更好的解决静校正问题，在此特地对Omega地震资料处理系统中静校正处理模块XPERT和REFLECTION_MISER，特别是XPERT进行了深入的剖析。

一、模块概述相关分析拾取反射时间模块（XEPERT）为MISER这些剩余静值分析模块求取反射时间和质量因子，其也可用于非地表一致性或平滑静校正（trim）。

XPERT两个输入项一为按CMP点排序并经动校后的地震道文件，另一为相同道的叠加文件或外部模型文件。

XEPERT的用途是为后面所用的模块（通常是MISER）提供拾取时间，该模块确定地表一致性的剩余反射静值。

剩余静校正量的应用对所有陆地和一些浅海资料的处理是必不可少的部分。

二维和三维数据在XEPERT中用相同方法处理，二维被看作是三维的特例。

除一些特别说明的例子外，文章里所说的都适用于二维和三维资料。

文章中的CMP指的是二维CMP和三维面元CMP。

数据模型由用户控制、倾角调向平均值窗口、围绕被拾取的CMP道集的叠加数据组成，数据对从以下两个叠加道中选出的模型道有效：第一个由已被XEPERT处理过的动校后的叠加道构成；另一个数据为输入的叠加数据。