主谓一致M1
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高中语法：主谓一致 程文昭 3月23、24、25日
Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则
含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 以可数名词单数或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is true.
【注意】★ 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.
★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：
This pair of shoes is not mine.
The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honey
moon.
2. ―单数名词 + and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数： You and I are good friends.
The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the
news.
【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the +单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语
The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.
The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.
★ 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Every man, woman, and child needs love.
Each boy and girl was given a book.
Every minute and every second is precious.
★ 有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有： knife and fork 刀叉needle and thread 针线 bread and butter 面包和黄油 fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条 the stars and stripes 星条旗
Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England.
The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A.
3. 当with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including连接两个名词或代词做主语的时候,谓语动词的数和前面主语的数保持一致
The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.
The secretaries along with the manager,
are going to a dinner party tonight.
The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident.
4. each; each + 可数名词单数；each of + 复数名词 作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：
Each arrives on time.
Each of the building is painted a different color.
5. 由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：
Everybody is doing his best.
There is nothing you can do to help.
6. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：
He who laughs last laughs best.
比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
7. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：
The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful.
A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
The team were talking over some new plans.
【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
The police are looking for the lost child.
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
二,逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
如：Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？
/ All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体.
如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数。
如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table. 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：Twelve plus eight is twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics，
politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如： I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair
of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人,它们做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1. 当两个主语由either …or， neither …nor，
whether …or …， not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语的数保持一致。
如：Not only the teacher but also the students are our
friends.
Neither they nor he is right.
Are neither they nor he right？ 2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
