虹口区2016年高三英语一模试卷及答案

Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet (花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold fro m this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vow s, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Infant Day Care, Good or Bad?The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may influence a child’s personality an d lead to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work (21) _________ children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.Firstly, experts point out that the isolated love affair between children and parents (24) _________ (find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone –far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today (25) _________ parents and care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have regularly reported that day care had a slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests (26) ________ have been used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult (27) _________ (deal) with. Children under three are likely to protest at (28) _________ (leave) their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence (30) _________ (indicate) early care is reasonable for infants.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle.The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream,young lady?”“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “What’s my motivation?”I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made me think: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitiveindependent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick at passing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that (21) you’re packed into an enclosed space with h undreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.One London resident, however, is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22) ______ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city o f 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) (throw) away, but after about 24hours it completely snowballed,” he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign (24)_______ (feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) _______ own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them.“I (26)hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) (mirror) in the UK following his campaign? “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29)I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.”So if you ever end up (30) (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging(25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learn ed to associate packaging with quality. We have lea r ned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.Prepare to SucceedPeople are always thinking about success. It is usually in their brains as they go about their daily routines (21)_______(look) for something better. This thought isn't one (22) brings you closer, however, because thinking, dreaming or wishing just doesn't get it done.One of the most important parts of personal or professional success is preparation. You may ask, “Why is preparation necessary?"The easiest answer to this question is to say that (23) you are not ready to move forward, then you may just as well keep doing what you have always done.Success doesn’t come easy. There are no shortcuts. Success requires you to be prepared to sacrifice leisure time, or time spent watching television or going out with your friends, at every opportunity. Success means you are prepared to do (24) it takes to constantly move the yardsticks forward clay after day.Here is just one quote, from Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States, that expresses what preparation is (25) : "Our real problem is not our strength today. It israther the vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow.”This quote can (26) . (interpret) lo mean that you may have strength or confidence to start on your way right now to move toward your final goal. However, it is also critical that committed action each day (27) (build) to help you keep going when obstacles arise or when you just don't feel like you have the interest or energy to stay (28) (locus).Preparation also means that you have u plan or a goal it shows you what steps or actions to take, when to lake them and what to do if issues, obstacles or (29)________life issues gel in the way.(30) bottom line is actually quite clear: You arc either willing, able and committed to achieve what you want, or you arc simply dreaming or wishing that success find you.iPhone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fire Apple is investigating a report from an Australian man who claimed his iPhone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on Friday.Surfer Mat Jones told Channel 7 News that he (21)______ ( go ) into water off a New South Wales beach and left his new iPhone 7, bought last week, (22) ______ ( wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.He said that (23)______ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car. “As I looked into my car，I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”A video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dash board and stick melted and charred, and Jones said that he felt “pretty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.Eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)______ was left of his clothes. “Ash was just coming from inside the pants. Once the pants were unwrapped,the phone was just melting inside.”Jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it, (25)______ happened to a Sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iPhone. He also said that he had not used (26)______ non-Apple charging device.A spokeswoman for Apple said the company was investigating the complaint. “We’re in touch with the customer and we’re looking into it,” she said.Lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries (27)______ burst into flames because of physical damage or overheating. Apple’s(28) ______( big )smart phone competitor, Samsung, has begun an international recall of 2.5m Galaxy Note 7 devices after more than 100 devices started smoking, sparking or caught fire—in some cases (29)______ ( cause ) fire damage and injury.Several other companies, including Hewlett Packard, Tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”, have also experienced problems (30)______ their lithium-ion batteries, though the vast majority work without problems.Suspended CoffeeHow about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee” — i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks” it for someone (21)_____ (fortunate) — has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22)_____ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes.”The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23)_____increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24)_____ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25)_____ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “S taff members are always close to the coffeehouse’s front door, and (26)_____ they see someone walking by who looks like they want a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27)_____ (accept), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28)_____ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29)_____ the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30)_____ consider other ways to help.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Bothof us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove. As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friends than we had before.Maddie and her mother, Stephanie, thought the screams for help were just Boy Scouts (童子军）around. But then they saw the scene: the boy scouts surrounding a hiker who (21) ____________ (take) a scary Six-meter drop in an area near the Hoover Dam, a fall that left his right arm with a bone (22) ____________ (stick) out. The mother and the daughter (23) ____________ (suppose) to be having a fun-filled weekend to celebrate Maddie's 17th birthday. But the trip turned into an emergency life-saving adventure. Maddie and her mother were nearly akilometer into their 18-kilometer river trip in Black Canyon when they pulled onto some sand. The boy scouts, (24) ____________ had called 9,1, had tied a loose bandage around the hiker, broken arm to stop the bleeding.Maddie knew another bandage was needed and thought of her lifeguard training. She asked (25) ____________ anyone had a pen or a stick, and someone picked up a branch. She turned the bandage, careful not to hit the bone (26) ____________ it stopped most of the bleeding.The girl grew up doing junior guards and had recently taken a first aid class as part of her training (27) ____________ (become) a lifeguard with California State Parks at Crystal Cove. “I’m happy these trainings are so usefu l” she said. “(28) ____________ them, this guy probably would have died. This is something I will never forget. I’ve been considering my college and future career choices and now really feels like that the emergency medical field is (29) ____________ I would enjoy.”It’s not the first time Maddie has quickly jumped into action when (30) ____________ (need). In 2015 when she was just 15 during the Surf City Marathon, she was near a man who dropped at mile 26. She pulled him out of the road and treated him for shock until paramedics (医务人员）arrive .In two days , it will be Christmas, children all over world (21) ________(look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.(22)______their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed(23)__________(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (24)________we opened them.Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (26)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money co nstitutes a goodgift(27)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person.If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(28)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him, (29)________(bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (30)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students __21__ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text __22__ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question __23__ just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, __25__ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, “Don’t worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here __26__ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. __27__ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with __28__ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we __29__ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life __30__ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.My life on an Islandwe live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _____(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) _____ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _____the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island.We were on our way back (24) _____ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now, Dad normally hates being disturbed when he (25) _____ (write) (which is just about all the time), and he also hates having to go anywhere, but despite the typical sighs and moans --- why can’t he get a taxi? What’s wrong with the bus? ----I could tell by the flash in the eyes that he was really looking forward to (26) _____ (see) Dominic.So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked up Dominic from the station. He had been talking non-stop from the moment he’d get in to the car. University this, university that, writers, books, parties, people, money…….. I didn’t like the way he spoke and waved his hands around (27) ____ ____ he was some kind of scholar or something. It was embarrassing. It made me feel uncomfortable----that kind of discomfort you feel when someone you like, someone close to you, suddenly starts acting like a complete idiot. And I didn’t like the way he was ignoring me, either. For all the attention I was getting I (28) _____ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger.We were about half across when I saw a boy. My first thought was how odd it was (29) _______(see) someone walking on the Strand. You don’t often see people walking around there. As we drew (30) ______(close) , he became clearer. He was actually a young man rather than a boy.。

2016虹口区高三英语二模试卷及答案虹口区2015高三英语二模试卷2015.4考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—10页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题为选择题，答题必须涂在答题纸上，第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第 I 卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A waitress. C. A shop assistant. D. A worker.2. A. Disappointment. B. Disapproval. C. Sympathy. D. Passion.3. A. At a police station. B. At a car rental house.C. At a post office.D. At a bank.4. A. Go to work. B. Take a break. C. Try another problem. D. Keep doing.5. A. The woman congratulated the wrong person.B. The woman should get another job.C. The woman should be more patient.D. The woman was waiting in the wrong place.6. A. Reading a magazine. B. Writing an article.C. Buying clothes.D. Preparing for a maths test.7. A. The guest has to pay in cash. B. The fee will be added to the hotel bill.C. The guest can pay by check.D. It’s free to watch the hotel movie channel.8. A. The woman will enjoy the trip. B. The woman will be exhausted after the trip.C. The woman had better cancel the trip.D. The woman should go to Los Angeles.9. A. 4 pounds. B. 6 pounds. C. 8 pounds.D. 10 pounds.10. A. Compare notes with his classmates. B. Review the details of all his lessons.C. Focus on the main points of his lectures.D. Talk with her about his learning problems. Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sending magazines to friends.B. Sending text messages through mobile phone.C. Sending greeting cards to friends.D. Giving orders to children.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.When did the applicantleave school? 21 .What kind of work did the applicant have in the toy factory? 22 .Where will the applicant go if she passes the tests?To go to 23 twice a week.How will the woman’s salary be changed during the three-year training period?She’ll get 24 of a hundred dollars a month.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)How I Turned to Be Optimistic (乐观的)I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we (25)would leave___(leave) for America soon. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to (26)______ I listened every morning .little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but (28)______ idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even (29)______(complex) for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. However, my responsibilities in the family increased a lot since my English was superior (30)______ an yone else’s at home. I translated at interviews with immigration officers, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.From my experiences, I believe that my life will turn out all right (31)______ ______ it is not that easy.(B)How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feeling Architects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling and behaviours. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（实证的）basis. They are discovering how (32)______(design) spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2012, Joan Meyers-Levy reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects (33)______ people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, (34)______(lead) them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. Besides ceiling height, the view (35)______(afford) by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate.Using nature to improve focus of attentionought to pay off academically, and (36)______ seems to, according to a study. Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students (37)______ classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. (38)______ that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.So far public buildings (39)______(focus) on by scientists. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them? That is (40)______ we are all struggling with.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be clamped（扣留）until they pay —and they will face a(n) 41 fee of ￡80 for getting back their vehicles.The law will also be 42 to British citizens. The fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic laws take 43 , because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their cases.Foreign drivers are rarely 44 because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court. Instead, officers often 45 give warnings. Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than British-registered vehicles. The number of crashes caused by foreign vehicles rose by 47 percent between 2008 and 2013. There were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 46 injuries from accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2013.The new law is partly 47 to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits to weight and hours at the wheel. Foreign lorries are three times more likely to be in a crash than British lorries. Recent spot checks found that three quarters of lorries that failed safety tests w e r e 48 overseas.The standard deposit for a careless driving 49 —such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or reading a map at the wheel—will be ￡300. Foreign drivers will not get points as 50 added to their licenses, while British drivers will.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.PlanningIn any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, there is an annual process. This is partly due to the fact that firms 51 their accounting on a yearly basis, but also because similar 52 often occur in the market.Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But 53 , planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to 54 of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers 55 progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will 56 the objectives and plans for the future.In today’s business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to 57 , some analysts believe that long-term planning is 58 . In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their operations which allows them t o 59 to any sudden changes.Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to 60 their long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission (委任) and build a new production plant, or, in marketing 61 , it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain 62 in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the 63 choice amongst business travellers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various 64 involved.Every one-year plan, therefore, must be 65 in relation to longer-term plans, and itshould contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.51. A. make up B. carry out C. bring about D. put down52. A. patterns B. guides C. designsD. distributions53. A. surprisingly B. contrarily C. equally D. typically54. A. approval B. permission C. admiration D. objection55. A. value B. confirm C. reviewD. survey56. A. restore B. promote C. influenceD. maintain57. A. guess B. advocate C. recognizeD. predict58. A. pointless B. meaningful C. realistic D. inevitable59. A. lead B. respond C. referD. contribute60. A. share B. handle C. developD. benefit61. A. expressions B. descriptions C. words D. terms62. A. reputation B. position C. situationD. direction63. A. reserved B. selected C. preferredD. supposed64. A. acts B. steps C. meansD. points65. A. handed over B. left behind C. made out D. drawn upSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My dad loved pennies, especially those with the elegant stalk (茎) of wheat curving around each side of the ONE CENT on the back. Those were the pennies he grew up with during the Depression.As a kid, I would go for walks with Dad, spying coins along the way—a penny here, a dime (一角硬币) there. Whenever I picked up a penny, he’d ask, “Is it a wheat?” It always thrilled him when we found one of those special coins produced between 1909 and 1958, the year of my birth.One gray Sunday morning in winter, not long after my father’s death in 2002, I was walking down Fifth Avenue, feeling bereft. I found myself in front of the church where Dad once worked. I was warmly shown in and led to a seat. Hearing Dad’s favorite “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God”, I burst into tears. We’d sung that at his funeral.After the service, I shook the pastor’s(牧师) hand and stepped onto the side walk—and there was a penny. I bent to pick it up, turned it over, and sure enough, it was a wheat. A 1944, a year my father was serving on a ship in the South Pacific.That started it. Suddenly wheat pennies began turning up on the sidewalks of New York everywhere. I got most of the important years: his birth year, my mom’s birth year, the year he graduated from college, the year he met my mom, the year they got married, the year my sister was born. But alas, no 1958 wheat penny—my year, the last year they were made.The next Sunday, after the service, I was walking up Fifth Avenue and spotted a penny in the middle of a crossing. Oh, no, it was a busy street；cabs were speeding by—should I risk it? Ijust had to get it.A wheat! But the penny was worn, and I couldn’t read the date. On arriving home, I took out my glasses and took it to the light. There was my birthday!I found 21 wheat pennies on the streets of Manhattan in the year after my father died, and I don’t think that’s a coincidence.66. The writer’s father loved pennies with wheat because ________.A. when he first saw it, he began to love itB. when he saw the wheat, he thought of his time during the DepressionC. when he was young, he had a lot of pennies with wheatD. when he was a child, he never got a coin with wheat67. The underlined word “bereft” (in Para.3) means ________.A. protestedB. disappointedC. grievedD. offended68. Which of the following statements about theauthor is NOT true?A. He was born in 1958.B. He knew the church well.C. He once worked in a church.D. He went to church because of his father.69. The best title for the passage would probably be ________.A. Pennies from HeavenB. My father’s life storyC. My father’s hobbyD. Living in New York(B)Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll ma ke it!70. What does the underlined part mean?A. You’ll make others’ lives more meaningful with this job.B. Y ou’ll arrive home just in time from this job.C. You’ll earn a good salary from this job.D. You’ll succeed in getting this job.71. The volunteers’ major responsibility is to helppeople with learning disabilities ________. A. to get some financial support B. to properly protect themselvesC. to learn some new living skillsD. to realize their own importance72. Which of the following can first be chosen as avolunteer?A. The one who can drive a car.B. The one who has done similar work before.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.73. The text serves as ________.A. a reminder to social workersB. an advertisement for helpersC. a document on appealing for volunteersD. an introduction about a social care organization(C)There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae (幼虫). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of droughts in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps (小虾) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United States where shade temperatures of over 50℃ are often recorded.The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch. Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimetre to a length of about 1.5 centimetres. Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates (挥发). Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3 centimetres long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the thirteenth day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake: in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this case, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.74. Which of the following is the most distinctive feature of Mojave shrimps?A. They live a brief and tough life.B. They feed on plant and animal organisms.C. Their eggs can survive years of drought.D. They lay their eggs in the mud.75. The word “dormant” (in Para 4) most probably means ________.A. inactiveB. strongC. alertD. soft76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. appearance and size are important factors for life to survive in the desert.B. a species must be able to multiply quickly in order to survive in the desert.C. for some species one life cycle in a year is enough to survive the desert drought.D. some species develop a unique life pattern to survive in severe conditions.77. The passage mainly deals with ________.A. the life span of the Mojave shrimpsB. the survival of desert shrimpsC. the creatures living in the Mojave desertD. the importance of water to life in the desert Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women in America, or probably in the world.During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties,and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions.This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left schools at the first chance, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with the both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home in terms of the abilities and interests of each of them.(Note: Answer the questions or complete thestatements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. At what age did most women get married in the late nineteenth century?79. A woman today can still take care of herchildren when doing paid work in their forties because of ________.80. Of “such changes” today, one is that many more mothers ________ after their first child is born.81. What are the factors that cause a couple to share economic and family affairs in an equal way?第 II 卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 据我所知，他们学校的面积是我们的两倍。

虹⼝区2016初三英语⼀模试题虹⼝区 2015学年度第⼀学期期终教学质量监控测试初三英语试卷（满分 150分）考⽣注意：本题有 7答题，共 94⼩题。

试题均采⽤连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

2016.1Part 1 Lis ten ing（第⼀部分听⼒）I. L is ten ing Co mprehens ion（听⼒理解）（共 30分）A. Lis ten and choose the r i ght p ic ture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图⽚）（共 6分）1.2.3.4.5.6.B. Lis ten and choose the bes t answer（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当答案）（共8分）7. A) Baske tba l l.8. A) 9:00.B) Tennis.B) 9:05.C) Ska t ing.D) Swim ming.D) 9:30.C) 9:25.9. A)In the c lass room.C)In the read ing room.10. A) Programs.11. A) Canada.Zea land.B)In the pocke t.D) On the p layground.C) Bees.B) Food.D) Languages.B) Br i t a in.C) Aus t ra l i a.D) Ne w12. A) Because he was very upse t.C) Because he was bad ly i l l.B) Because he d idn’t work hard.D) Because he was very ca rel e s s.B) The man has an easy job.13. A) They’r e t r ave l ing by plane.C) The wo man en joys the t r i p.D) The man l ikes h i s job.14. A) They’d be t t e r no t go f or a wa lk.C)I t’s no t good go ing fo r a walk in the ra in.B) Going fo r a wa lk i s a g reat idea.D) They wi l l go fo r a wa lk i n ha l f an hour.C. Lis ten to the passage and te l l whether the fo l lowing s ta tements are true or fa l s e（判断下列句⼦是否符合你听到的短⽂内容，符合的⽤“T”表⽰，不符合的⽤“F”表⽰）（共6分）15. Dick was seven and he was two years o lde r than h i s s i s te r Ca ther ine .16. Mrs . Green took Cather i ne to the b ig c i ty to buy some new beau t i fu l c lo thes .17. Dick ’s aun t Mrs . B lack t ook h im in to the k i t chen to e a t a n ice cake toge ther .18. Dick ’s aun t gave h im a s mal l kn i fe and asked h im to cu t the cake in ha l f .19. I n fac t , Dick ’s aun t meant to l e t h i s s i s t e r Ca ther ine eat the b igger p iece .20. Dick took the cake to h i s s i s t e r because he rea l ly want ed to be a gen t leman.D. Lis ten to the d ia logue and co mplete the fo l lowing s entences （听对话，完成下列内容。

虹口区2024学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.12考生注意：1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。

I.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.How to Be Stylish While Protecting the EnvironmentDespite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes,there is a basicconflict about being green and being fashionable.This is because the fashion industry depends on aconstant stream of ever-changing trends,(1)_________means you have to keep consuming.However,buying(2)_________awful lot of things that you don’t need,in this case new clothes,is harmful to theenvironment.Even so,there are still some measures you can take to achieve(3)_________of the goals.Firstly,rather than base your choice of clothes on(4)_________the fashion industry says you should,choose your own look.If you do this,you’ll look a lot more like an individual,and probably(5)_________(genuinely)stylish.It does not require any sense of style(6)_________(copy)the looks in fashionmagazines but developing your own certainly does.You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes(7)_________they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week,and this helps the environment.Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials,like cotton.Butthe production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides(杀虫剂).In fact,cotton is an especially dirty crop,with methods(8)_________(use)in its production which can destroy the local environment.If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply(9)_________(choose)organic materials.In the end,what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a freechoice.But we hope that,(10)_________(read)this,you will be aware of the impact your choices mayhave on the health of our planet.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.arguablyB.fedC.matchD.correspondingE.determineF.hintG.implicationsH.noticeablyI.self-fulfillingJ.substantialK.taskedPeople Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their NamesA new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names.The researchers sought to11whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance,or if individuals’facial appearances change over the years to12the social stereotypes (刻板印象)connected to their names.In the study,9-to10-year-old children and adults were13with paring faces to names.The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their14names, considerably above the chance level.However,when it came to children’s faces and names,the participants were unable to make accurate associations.In another part of the study,a machine learning system was15a large database of images of human faces.The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were 16more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names.On the other hand,no17similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names.The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) 18prediction.The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name.Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways,for example,because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the19of a religious name.Dr.Yonat Zwebner,Arison School of Business,Reichman University says,“Our findings20at the broader significance of this surprising effect—the powerful influence of social stereotypes.”II.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Manufacturing is a one-way business.Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are21,producers usually wash their hands of them.Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill,which22the planet.In only50 years,the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big,to more than100 billion tons,but only less than9%of this is reused,resulting in a23of materials.Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling,but much of that is24intended to improve brand images.Yet even a company’s profits can25being environmentally friendly.This is especially so in the case of“gigafactories”,so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles(EVs)is measured in gigawatt hours(GWh).Every carmaking country wants gigafactories.Batteries are the costliest part of an EV,so making them is26.But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain.Supply chains are long and complicated,and buyers risk their reputation27by their suppliers’poor environmental and labour standards.28materials makes sense.Being29,most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.The result is a 30production process.The idea is that once31reach the ends of their lives,they should go back to a factory,where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries.Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy,but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt,a battery-maker,aims by2030to produce150GWh of batteries—enough to power some2 million EVs.By then,around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries.Northvolt is ing renewable power and other measures,CATL—the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries—thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.Could other industries do something similar?Fast fashion is widely known as a(n)33business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just13%.A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres,which are hard to recycle.Clothing companies could,like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle.Consumer electronics is another such 34that creates piles of waste,despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver,and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.35could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses.21.A.accepted B.designed C.sold D.stored22.A.rules B.saves C.heals D.pollutes23.A.analysis B.availability C.waste D.variety24.A.green-washing B.cost-cutting C.risk-taking D.trend-setting25.A.add to B.benefit from C.center around D.invest in26.A.innovative B.affordable C.profitable D.inefficient27.A.being defended B.being hurt C.being spread D.being overlooked28.A.Reusing B.Restoring C.Replacing D.Recharging29.A.big B.new C.rich D.rare30.A.full B.primary C.domestic D.circular31.A.batteries B.factories C.vehicles D.suppliers32.A.alone B.easy C.safe D.fair33.A.dynamic B.unsustainable C.inacceptable petitive34.A.gigafactory B.business pany D.manufacturer35.A.Exceptions plaints C.Discoveries D.FortunesSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married,Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared.I was sorting through a box of old photographs.2“Who’s that?”he asked.3“That was my grandfather,the one who died a few months ago.”4“Hmm.Too bad he had to die.”5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box,Max pressed his finger to a face.“And who will this be to me?”6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face.I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name.This son of the man I loved was becoming my son.We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge.All these things I’d never allowed myself to want.Now I was becoming a mother.7I should have known how to say just the right,wise,magical thing.But I didn’t.“I’ll be your second mom,”I said.8“Oh.”9“I’m sorry that your first mom died.I liked her.”10“What should I call you?”he asked.11My heart pounded,and my stomach turned over.Mama,I wanted to cry.I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son.I resisted.“You can call me Mom,or Mama.You can also call me Betsy,if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.”12He stood there a minute.“What’s for dinner?”he asked.13“Burgers.”14“Sweet,”he said as he walked out of the room.15At our wedding a few months later,Tom and I said our vows(誓言)to one another.Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him.I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind,to help him remember her,and to be the best mother I could be.16After the wedding,for the next few days,Max tried out a new title for me.“Can we go bowling?”he’d ask,and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom.Or,“Can we go to the store?”And the mouthed word,mom.Mom was always silent.It seemed he was trying it on,seeing how it felt in his mouth.17Weeks later as I drove him home from school,Max suddenly said,“I notice I don’t call you Mom.”18Oof.Who threw that rock at my chest?I breathed to calm my voice.“I noticed that.”19“When I say Betsy,I mean Mom.”20“Thanks,”I said.“That’s nice to know.”21He looked out the window.“Moms die,you know.I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.”22I willed tears away,not wanting to overwhelm him.He had enough to carry.“Thanks,Bud.I appreciate you telling me.”23“Hey,Betsy?”24“Yeah,”I said,delighted with the new sound of my old name.25“What’s for dinner?”he asked.36.When Betty said“I’ll be your second mom,”(paragraph7),she__________.A.thought her role was significant to MaxB.wished Max could let go of the sad memoriesC.was looking forward to becoming Max’s motherD.suggested that she was legally responsible for Max37.According to Max,why did he call Betsy“Betsy”instead of Mom?A.He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend.B.He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom.C.He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother.D.He hopes Betsy could always be with him.38.How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage?A.Confused about Max’s favourite food.B.Happy to lead a regular family life.C.Relieved to have a simple conversation.D.Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning.39.Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues?A.To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy.B.To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations.C.To help express the two speakers’emotions directly.D.To make the passage shorter and easier to understand.(B)Take our latest quiz!①You’ve just finished abook—do you know whatyou’ll read next?a)Yes!Perhaps a sequel ,I want to spend more time in that world.b)A book that everyone’s talking about.c)No,but I love finding unexpected books.d)No.I like asking for my friends’recommendations.②Do you value otherpeople’s opinions whendeciding what to read?a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like.b)I love to know what celebrities are reading!c)No.I just let the books do the talking!d)Yes!Friends know which books I’ll enjoy.③What do you most lookforward to in a new book?a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations.b)Talking about it with my friends.c)Discovering new voices and stories.d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved.④Do you like reading lots of books by the same author?a)Yes,once I find an author I like,I’ll read everything they write!b)If they’re a popular author,then yes!c)No,I like to read books by different authors.d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest.⑤When you go to a bookshop,where do you head first?a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series.b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers.c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye.d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations.40.Which of the following best explains what a “sequel ”is?A.A story or book that is about imaginary characters.B.A book that continues the story of a previous book.C.A book that conveys relationships between multiple characters.MostlyAs:you’re a MostlyBs:you’re aMostly Cs:you’rea Mostly Ds:you’re a There’s no betterfeeling than readingsomething you love…and then discoveringit’s part of a series!You’re alwaysguaranteed to havesomething new to lookforward to,and afamiliar world to revisitagain.You like to read the books that everyone is talking about.Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming,so ask them for their top tips.41You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you.If you want to expand your reading experiences,try getting those recommendation from lots of different places.D.A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series.41.Which of the following description best fits the definition of a“risk-taker”?A.You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of.B.You hope to find the new book of your favourite author.C.You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics.D.You only read those on top of the list of best sellers.42.What can those who take this quiz learn from the results?A.Why they prefer reading to other activities.B.Which author is probably their favourite.C.Who they should turn to for reading tips.D.What their book-choosing style is.(C)The facts of climate change are widely reported.It is noted that with a2℃increase in global temperatures,as compared with a1.5℃increase,about61million more people living in urban areas around the world will be exposed to severe drought.The problem with communicating these numbers,however,is that math anxiety—the experience of tension,fear or worry when facing mathematical problems—and the inability to understand and employ numerical concepts—are both quite common.Despite high rates of innumeracy(数学盲),there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers.First,multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication.People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not.The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers.But trade-offs exist.Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability,there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details.In past research,it was found that people find numbers helpful,so long as there aren’t too many of them.No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many—it depends on the complexity of the topic,people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall municators therefore need to know and attend to their audience:if a speaker sees someone looking bored,for example,it’s a sign to back off on the numbers.In addition to the possibility of being overloaded by numbers,their persuasive power could have consequences that communicators need to consider.Based on the most recent findings,more negative feelings about the posts containing numeric consequences of climate change are reported.To be clear,this doesn’t reflect math anxiety.Instead,these posts resulted in negative emotions because the numerically precise messages were stronger in conveying the disastrous consequences of climate change.If you cansuggest actions that people feel they can carry through,that could set off the negative feelings that arise when they consider climate change’s consequences.So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table,there are a few lessons here.Find the key numerical data and share that.Think strategically about data presentation.When talking about climate change,include some proposed action.Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations.When used wisely,numbers can help transform anxiety into action,which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change.43.According to the passage,what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change?A.They can arouse people’s anxiety about math.B.They leave the audience even more confused.C.They help make the message more credible.D.They don’t really change how people feel.44.Which of the following best fits the description of“trade-offs”(paragraph4)?A.Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter.B.People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar.C.It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers.D.People tend to hold more debates about the topic.45.According to the passage,which of the following is an effective climate message?A.Sea level rise:a ticking time bomb for coastal cities!B.Cycle5miles daily,save50%on carbon emissions!C.50%of species lost:a warning from climate change!D.Plant more trees today,enjoy fresher air tomorrow!46.What is the best title for this passage?A.Numbers:Origin of tension about climate changeB.Numbers:Reason for high levels of math anxietyC.Numbers:Cause of boredom in public speakingD.Numbers:Aid in fighting environmental issuesSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do.B.Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family.C.Dogs are fantastic at reading us.D.Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being.E.Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial.F.They’re more likely to distract you.The Benefits of Talking to Your DogIt’s common for people to chat with their dogs throughout the day—about what each other is doing or how cute or playful the pup is.It’s a gentle reminder of what’s meaningful.“When you talk to your dog, you get a sense that this is why you’re here—no matter what happens at work or with your finances,your dog still loves you and needs you,and that gives you a sense of purpose,”says Larry Young,an expert on social bonding at Emory University.47In a2018study,researchers found that people are more willing to reveal to their dogs about difficult emotions,such as depression,jealousy,anxiety,and fear,than they are with their romantic partners or friends.The precise reasons for this aren’t known but one possibility is that“pets are good,nonjudgmental listeners because they don’t interrupt or reply,”says study coauthor Daniel Mills,a specialist in human-animal relationships at the University of Lincoln.48Even so,there’s value in simply expressing emotions,especially troublesome ones.Research has found that when people put their emotions into words,their negative feelings become less intense.Another hidden advantage:Your dog isn’t going to engage in a conversation about what’s bothering you,which could keep you thinking about it.49“Dogs use emotionally controlling strategies,”Mills says.“Their desire to play draws you away from being sad or angry.”Further support for this phenomenon comes from a2022study.It was found that by engaging in micro-breaks to pet their pup,the people are able to relax and recover—in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t.50“They can sense when we’re upset—and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,”says Kogan.And“because we know that our dogs read us so well,we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs,which is helpful for us as well.”It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路).III.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.51.How Green is the Paris Olympic Games?The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern.But how did it work?On the plus side,organizers have been serious in their efforts to reduce carbon emissions.They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games,reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities.But,the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing.The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming.But despite spending1.4billion euros trying to clean the river,French authorities have achieved inconsistent results:Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants.The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors.That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by45percent.But,eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village,installing some2,500temporary air-conditioning units.For years,the organizers all promised the Games would be“climate positive.”But,whatever efforts were taken,none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host anizers of the Rio Olympics in2016estimated that more than40%of the carbon emissions came from international spectators.This year,with tickets available on a central platform globally,the number of international visitors was beyond control.For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games,some of which have been considerable,the scale of future Games must be rethought.Jules Boykoff,who has written extensively about the Olympic Games,rightly argues that“the Games need to reduce their size”.It wouldn’t solve everything,but it would make these events more sustainable.IV.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.52.你下了那么大功夫，准能在学术竞赛中脱颖而出。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourselfgetting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s cha nging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UKgovernment who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at int roducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadb olt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social m edia that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2016年上海虹口区高三三模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（每小题1分，共16分）1、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第25~32题8分Handshaking, the most popular way of showing friendliness, is often seen in cities and towns all over the world. It is, in fact,1European custom, but nobody knows exactly when this practice started. It is said that long, long ago in Europe when people met, they showedtheir2（unarm） hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other'shands3（make） a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. Now" Let's shake hands on it" sometimes4（mean） agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No, sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the meeting does not mean5to him or her in some cases, and when the other person, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands withyou.6, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding among the Chinese, which sometimes brings about unnecessary troubles,7westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved in manner. But, as a matter of fact, some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only8he shows interest in further relations with you.2、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第33~40题8分Innocent Fast Food RestaurantA study by academics from the University of California and Northwestern University claimed that" the causal link between the consumption of restaurant foods and obesity （肥胖） is minimal at best. "It argued that a tax on high-calorie （卡路里） food,1was proposed by many health campaigners in the US and Britain, might therefore not be an effective way for governments to deal with the problem.It analyzed data on calorie intake around the country,which2（collect） before under the leadership of the US Department of Agriculture. The study found that people living closer3restaurants were notsignificantly more likely to be obese than people living furtheraway,4（indicate） that easy access to restaurants had little effect.It also showed that while restaurant meals typically held more calories than home-produced food, many customers often make up for this by eating5（little） throughout the rest of the day."Obese people who ate at restaurants, "the study indicated, "also eat more when they eat at home. "The US government estimates6about one in three Americans, or 100 million in total, are obese. Last month it was predicted that 75 percent of Americans would be overweight in 2020.The problem is thought to cost Americans between 150 billionand 170 billion in annual medical costs."While taxing restaurant meals might means7（change） where these consumers eat, "the study's authors, Michael Anderson and David Matsa, wrote, "our study results suggest that a tax8be unlikely to affect their potential tendency to overeat. "二、选词填空（每小题1分，共10分）3、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第41~50题10分Are Sweeteners （甜味剂） Safe and Healthy?For many of us, the relationship we have with sugar is love at first taste, and that love usually lasts a lifetime. But what price do we have to pay for this truly addictive, sugary love? Type 2 diabetes （糖尿病） Heavier bodies Raised blood sugar levels Or even1teeth?Time to quit perhaps? Easier said than done. What's the alternative? Many would suggest using sweeteners as a2. But are sweeteners healthier than sugar?Sweeteners are usually low-calorie （卡路里） or calorie-free substances that have a similar taste to sugar. It is estimated that more than a quarter of British householdsbuy3sweeteners to help cut their sugar intake.The European Food Safety Authority （EFSA） has4some of the health claims food manufacturers have made about sweeteners such as xylitol, sorbitol and sucralose. These include5tooth decay and controlling blood sugar levels.According to the National Health Service in the UK, sweeteners are safe to use andare6helpful for those who are diabetic. Sioned Quirke, a spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association says, "As a dietician, I support and promote the use of sweeteners in cookingand diet. "She also says that "There is no7to suggest that low-calorie sweeteners, such as saccharin, aspartame and sucralose, are harmful or bad for you."But many have8over the long-term effects caused by using sweeteners. Dr Robert Lustig, author of'Fat Chance: The Bitter Truth About Sugar'would not accept sweeteners as an alternative to sugar because, "We lack data". According to Dr Lustig, organisations like EFSA only require studies which test whether something will poison a person in a short period of time, which is known as acute toxicity （急性毒性） studies. But we still don't know whatthe9effects are.Dietician Emma Carder says on the NHS Choices website, "While more research is needed, sweeteners continue to have a useful role in offering a sweet taste withoutadding10calories."A. artificialB. especiallyC. substituteD. extraE. preventingF. concernsG. rottenH. enduringI. inadequatelyJ. approvedK. evidence三、完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）4、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第51~65题15分Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that1might influence how firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.2, firms in happy places spend more on R&D, which stands forresearch and development. That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-termthinking3for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the optimism （乐观） and hobbies for risk-taking that come with happiness would4the way companies invested. So they compared U. S. cities' average happiness5by Gallup polling （民意调查） with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.6enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were related with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered. But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities7why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various8that might make firms more likely to invest-like size, industry, and sales-and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like9in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these things.The10between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors regard as" less codified （法典化的） decision-making process" and the possible presence of" younger and less11managers who are more likely to be influenced by emotions. "The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spreadmore12. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality, or large13in the distribution of well-being.While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and emotions would help14how executives think about the future. Just ask anyone who's spent time in Silicon Valley. "It surely seems reasonable that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and15R&D more than the average, "said one researcher.A. successB. patienceC. happinessD. progressA. In returnB. In particularC. In responseD. In conclusionA. sufficientB. famousC. perfectD. necessaryA. ceaseB. missC. spoilD. changeA. imaginedB. measuredC. inventedD. assumedA. SureB. SpecialC. UnfortunateD. CasualA. explainB. repeatC. summarizeD. emphasizeA. stagesB. factorsC. levelsD. methodsA. decreaseB. limitC. growthD. presentationA. relationshipB. differenceC. contrastD. conflictA. passiveB. dependentC. patrioticD. experiencedA. rapidlyB. regularlyC. directlyD. equallyA. helpsB. opportunitiesC. gapsD. responsibilitiesA. influenceB. investigateC. simplifyD. shareA. turn downB. focus onC. give upD. make out四、阅读理解（每小题2分，共24分）5、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第66~69题8分I left baseball, not for physical reasons but because it was my season for change. So I decided to walk away and once I did, like the vast majority of players, I was lost. It would be the first time since I learned to swing a bat that I would spend an entire summer without ever putting on a uniform. Once you leaves the place it's no longer you against that fastball, it is you against yourself.So you swim around trying to figure out what young, retired baseball players do with their lives. For me, the moment was completely without the guiding wisdom of my father, who could communicate with me with just a nod of his head, but he passed away two years ago.Since my retirement, I have searched for the next passion. It is a discouraging journey, and many players never find that next love, even though they kept looking.Of course my father could never be replaced. His passion was writing. He left behind a body of poetry that guides me now.I didn't stay lost forever. I found something that I wasn't looking for: a voice through writing. Writing introduced me to people who were otherwise strangers and made them guests at my table. Only later did I understand that this would be a bridge to understanding my father in another way. A way that led me to connect to a passion I didn't realize we both shared.After my first book was published, I realized that writing was passion and even therapy, but now I also thought that maybe I'd found my next profession.Thankfully, I always knew my father was proud of me. But despite living the dream of so many Americans and reaching its highest level, I have no doubt that he would be even prouder of what I am doing with my words, words that I can leave for my son to read one day.(1) Why couldn't the author's father offer him any help at the moment?A. Because his father had a head injury two years ago.B. Because his father had been dead for two years.C. Because his father was busy writing poems.D. Because his father was away on business.(2) How did the author get over the most difficult time in life?A. By staying at home doing nothing.B. By travelling around the entire summer.C. By communicating with his father face to face.D. By reading his father's works and writing his own.(3) According to the passage, the author was most likely to become a.A. poetB. coachC. writerD. player(4) The author picked up writing as a career mainly because.A. he could not find any other job after he left baseballB. his father asked him to continue his lifelong hobbyC. it could help him to make a more comfortable lifeD. writing was another way to understand his father6、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第70~73题8分Texas parks will celebrate National Fishing Week by offering a day of license-free fishing in public waters on June 3. Besides, youth fishing activities are scheduled across the state June 3-11.Cedar Hill State Park （Dallas County）: Wal-Mart Kids All-American Fishing Derby, June 3.10 am to 2 pm. Kids can test their fishing skills; prizes are offered.972-291-3800, ext.232.Texas Freshwater Fisheries Centre （Henderson County）: National Fishing Day, June 3, 9 am to 4 pm. Children 12 and younger will be admitted free for fishing, contests, games and prizes.903-676-2278.Caddo Lake State Park & Wildlife Management Area （Harrison County）: Wal-Mart-Kids All-American Fishing Derby, June 11, 9 am to 3 pm 903-679-3351.CONTACT: 1-800-792-1112; www. takemefishing. org and www. tpwd. state. tx. us.Alligators （短吻鳄） can be found in the wild in nearly half the counties in Texas, especially in the eastern part of the state, so residents and visitors may need a safety course about alligators. Although no deaths attributable to alligator attacks have been recorded in Texas during the past 15 years, 17 people have reported injuries. It's against law to feed a free-ranging alligator, because after an alligator realizes that people are a source of food, it will become a problem animal. The alligator is a protected game animal in Texas, so special permits are required to hunt, raise or possess alligators.TIPS FOR SAFETY AROUND ALLIGATORS:Stay at least 30 feet away from an alligator.Never Feed an alligator or leave food accessible.Don't approach them or swim in areas where alligators have been seen.During warm months, alligators are most active at dawn and dusk.Alligators are common in swamps, rivers and muddy places. While typically found in fresh water, they can endure salty water.SOURCE: Texas Parks & Wildlife; www. tpwd. state. tx. us/nature(1) In this passage, the writer has mainly talked about.A. kids' shopping and fishing activities in Wal-MartB. most people's preference for fishing and alligatorsC. fishing activities and alligator hunting in public watersD. the celebration of National Fishing Week in Texas parks(2) If a child wants to know how good his fishing skill is, it's better for him tovisit.A. Cedar Hill State Park in Dallas CountyB. Texas State Parks & Wildlife Protection CentreC. Caddo Lake State Park & Wildlife Management AreaD. Texas Freshwater Fisheries Centre in Henderson County(3) What can be learned about alligators from this passage?A. Alligators are rare animals protected by law.B. Alligators are most active in all places and climates.C. There have been some victims of alligators in the past decade.D. Hunting alligators are not allowed unless you've got permission(4) The underlined word" swamps" can most probably be replaced by.A. streamsB. wet landsC. desertsD. dry lands.7、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第74~77题8分The Process of AgeingAt the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the possibility of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable （易受伤的）; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which, though vague at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually "die of old age", and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer-on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and physically strong we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out".Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound （上发条的） watch, or the sun, do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics （热力学）. But these are not similar orequivalent to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction （摩擦）. We could, at one time, repair ourselves-well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.(1) What can be learned from this passage is that.A. people usually are unhappy when they are reminded of ageingB. children reach their full intelligence at the age of twelve yearsC. people are usually more likely to die at the age of twelve yearsD. our first twelve years represent the peak of human development(2) The underlined word "it" in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to.A. remaining alive until 65B. dying before 65 or after 80C. remaining alive after 80D. dying between 65 and 80(3) What does "ageing" mean according to the passage?A. It is a fact that people cannot live any longer.B. It refers to a gradual loss of vigor and resistance.C. It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age.D. It is a period when people are easily attacked by illness.(4) What do the examples of the watch refer to in the last paragraph?A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.B. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.C. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.D. Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.五、阅读表达（每小题2分，共8分）8、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第78~81题8分Proxemics （空间关系学） is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can detect four main categories of distance: intimate （亲密的）, personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife. Beyond this comes personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters. Beyond this comes public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience.All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception with representatives from the US and Arabic countries talking and you will see the Americans pirouetting （快速旋转） backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as"normal". They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit "pushy". The Arab, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the pattern, may be feeling that the Americans are being "stand-offish". Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them.The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people talking in coffee shops over a one-hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, 2; Paris, 10; and Puerto Rico 180. Not only does it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less common for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today.（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）(1) What govern the standing space between two persons in proxemics?(2) The underlined word"stand-offish"in Paragraph 2 most probablymeans"".(3) Why may Arabs pursue Americans in a conversation at an international reception?(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph is that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with.六、翻译句子（共22分）9、【来源】 2016年上海虹口区高三三模第82~86题22分Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given into brackets.(1) 人们的个人信息安全保护意识有待提高。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t n eed to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before31. from 32. how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。

2016届上海普陀高三一模英语试卷2016. 1第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Lonely. B. Impatient. C. Tired. D. Excited.2.A. In a printing shop. B. At a supermarketC. At a book storeD. In a library.3.A. Boss and employee. B. Teacher and student.C. Mother and son.D. Wife and husband.4.A. Give the ring to a police officer.B. Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.C. Hand in the ring to the security office.D. Take the ring to the administration building.5.A. He doesn‟t have money for his daughter‟s graduate studies.B. He doesn‟t think his daughter will get a business degree.C. He insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. He advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.6.A. The woman misplaced her class permit for biology.B. The woman arrived for registration too early.C. The woman missed registration for the biology course.D. The woman got a wrong class permit.7.A. They don‟t agree on where to live.B. They don‟t want to live in a noisy area.C. They hope to save expenses of the wedding.D. They both work in the downtown area.8.A. Present an article on political science. B. Find a different theory in the article.C. Read more than one article.D. Choose a better article to read.9.A. The houses for sale are of better quality than advertised.B. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C. The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D. The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale.10.A. The term paper was finished. B. The woman got the best score.C. He was sure his term project was good.D. His score was better than the woman‟s.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A physicist. B. An engineer C. A town guide. D. A pilot.12.A. He was not happy with the new director.B. He was not qualified to be a mechanic.C. He wanted to travel.D. He found his job boring.13. A. His family. B. His career. C. His ambition. D. His schooling.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. It has been successful. B. It remains to be solved.C. It is well understood.D. It is familiar to us.15.A, regular driver training. B. Improved highway design.C. Stricter traffic regulations.D. Better public transportation.16.A. Car accidents are avoided. B. It‟s better to improve car conditions.C. Attention must be paid to driver‟s honesty.D. The number of cars needs to be limited.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Wolfson College Language School Enrolment FormName Tony BrownTelephone number ___17___Language to learn ___18___Name of the branch school New ___19___Language level ___20___Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Where will the woman‟s husband wait for her? He will be at ___21___.Why was the man in Beijing? He came to attend an international conferenceon ___22___.What did the woman think of China? She thought it was rich in ___23___.He was always ___24___.Why hadn‟t the man visited those touristattractions in China?Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Different forms of hospitality (好客)I am a British woman social anthropologist (人类学家). I once spent a year in Moldova, in Eastern Europe, (25) ______ (study) everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.I often found (26) _______ surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes of a Moldovan. This was (27) ______ the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28) ______ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) ________ (bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.I was often invited to people?s homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their homes, (30) ______ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) ______ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already been made, generally by the men, (32) ______ were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected visitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) ______ provide in the circumstances.(B)How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth century The majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteen century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usually (34) _______ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other goods for sale.The labour was controlled by the husband, (35) ______ _____ his wife and children, too, had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the difference between starvation and survival.Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers. School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing (36) _______ their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring (37) ______ animals, sewing was handed down from parent to child.Also, most people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and the family (38) ______ (pay) to work with cloth, wood or leather. In general, this work could be put aside and taken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.The process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. It was the use of steam to power machinery (39) ______ required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerous factories in many towns and cities. These in turn (40) _______（encourage）migration from thecountryside in search of work. If electricity had preceded steam, domestic industry might have survived more fully.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.mentB. complexC. depressionD. expectE. equivalentF. holdG. mapped H. recommended I. handle J. noted K. severeBeing sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or a(n) __41__ relationship. The effect was first __42__ in 1858by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man?s life and two to a woman?s. The effects __43__ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Marriage can do a lot. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can __44__ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn‟t smoke. There‟s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse?s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same __45__ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are, __46__ affected by social-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of __47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all __49__ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being __50__ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their heal th is interconnected.”III. Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Who needs sleep? It‟s 2 a.m. The time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. But pull back the curtains and you might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street Night-time is __51__ just for sleeping. It has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything we didn‟t manage to finish during what used to be our __52__ hours. Now, __53__ sleeping, we can check our bank balances by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights orgo to the gym.Such flexibility, __54__, has a price. Our bodies are run by circadian rhythms (昼夜节律), a prehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our body temperature and level of alertness. It makes our brains and bodies __55__ during the day and allows them to recover through the night. So powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a nightshift without break will not __56__ its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteers in isolation, without any indication of what time it is in the day, they still show daily cycles of temperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. But, __57__ working against our body?s natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage. Research also shows it may actually __58__ our risk of health problems such as stomach diseases.Consultant Tom Mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly being completely __59__. “More and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours. This is going to have a(n) __60__ impact on quality and length of sleep. If people don?t go to bed at a reasonable time, say around 11 p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, they will be unable to concentrate. You need sleep for rest and __61__. If you stuff your mind with information for too long, then everything gets disorganized ---you become __62__ to manage daytime activities.”The circadian rhythms that run the sleep/wake cycle are as old as __63__ itself. Our prehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during the day and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. Our night vision is not as fast as that of nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals ---our natural rhythm was to sleep as the sun went down. The invention of the electric light obviously __64__ that. Like most biological systems, circadian rhythms are not made to __65__. Our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence its Latin name, circadian, which means “about a day.”51. A. by all means B. on earth C. in no time D. to this day52. A. sleeping B. waking C. business D. rush53. A. in terms of B. regardless of C. as a result of D. instead of54. A. furthermore B. otherwise C. however D. somewhat55. A. active B. relaxing C. tiring D. conscious56. A. form B. destroy C. improve D. recover57. A. Efficiently B. Proudly C. Continually D. Independently58. A. minimize B. assess C. avoid D. increase59. A. broken B. enhanced C. emphasized D. misunderstood60. A. effective B. negative C. direct D. reliable61. A. reservation B. resetting C. repair D. replacement62. A. bored B. willing C. likely D. unable63. A. evolution B. clock C. mystery D. hunting64. A. improved B. changed C. speeded D. followed65. A. measure B. reverse C. regulate D. discoverSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, i couldn‟t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn?t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son?s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.66. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.A. to satisfy his curiosity.B. to please his mother.C. to show his magical power.D. to pay for the delivery.67. What can be inferred from Para. 3?A. He preferred tea to coffee.B. He had a large sum of money.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was a famous and popular person.68. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. It is forbidden by law.B. Its service is getting poor.C. It has been driven out of the market.D. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.69. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He planted flowers in it.B. He missed the good old days.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He was fond of telling interesting stories.BCWUThe communication union Head of ResearchSalary: ￡55.271We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole.You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry.To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@ or by telephoning HR (Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.Closing Date for Applications: 4th December 2015Anticipated interview date: 17th December 2015No agencies please70. In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?A. Arts.B. Sales.C. Jobs.D. News.71. One of the duties of the person to be appointed is _____.A. taking charge of research work.B. seeking membership for the trade union.C. running a telecommunications company.D. managing a team of three or four members.72. If you want to apply for this position, you can do all EXCEPT _____.A. ask an agency for an application formB. dial 020 8971 7482 for more informationC. email hr@ for an application packD. send in your application before 4th December 201573. Which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?A. A chemistry teacher with a master's degree.B. A clerk from a telecommunications company.C. A university graduate majoring in computer science.D. A director from a research centre with a master's degree.CA child's map often provides a much-needed rest for parents too. Time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. And naps have to be a good thing for preschools, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sleep for their brains to develop. Short naps have also been shown to be good for adults---improving alertness and reaction times.So it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children over two years of age may not be a good idea at all. The review says that after two years of age, napping is associated with going to sleep late at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. So should we discourage naps in preschool children -even if they really seem to need one?Although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidence in review actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. Also, the authors of the view article are clear that the research on children?s naps is of poor quality; some studies rely on parents? remembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.A study published in the journal of attention disorders in February suffers from somemethodological shortcomings (for instance small numbers --only 28 children between the ages of three and four, and only for five days), but is at least a randomized (任意的) controlled trial, using actigraphs (活动记录仪) worn on the wrist to objectively measure sleep. It found that children who missed their naps slept better at night and scored higher in studies of memory and attention.Dr Mark Mahone, one of the authors, says that sleep at night may be of a better quality than during daytime napping. Having a sound sleep at night, he says, provides a greater proportion of the slow-wave, restorative sleep that promotes brain development and reinforces what has been learned the day before. The study also found that the children who went without naps did not sleep more at weekends.I could never get my children to nap, but for parents who can, there is no reason to stop. Mahone says that more research is needed before anyone starts making recommendation, and children?s sleep requirements are known to be variable.74. The word …'counterintuitive” in para. 2 most probably means _____.A. difficultB. UnreasonableC. revolutionaryD. meaningless75. What does the author think of the study published in Attention Disoders？A. Its objects are too young to take the testB. Its findings are reliable due to the actigraphsC. It has enough objects to produce the resultsD. It provides various ways to help adults to take naps76. According to Dr Mark Mahone, a better-quality night sleep will result in ______.A. frequent rests on the sofaB. higher efficiency of learningC. more serious attention disorderD. fewer daytime naps at weekends77. The author talks mainly about his or her_______.A. opinions on whether children needs napsB. various systemic studies on children?s napsC. comments on some studies on children?s napsD. understanding of the functions of children?s napsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Are bees happier in cities?We often think of them as living happily in wildflower meadows (草场) and rolling fields. But new research suggests Britain?s bees are happier near towns and cities.A new study of wildlife sites across four English counties has found that most are home to fewer species of bee today than they were in the past. It found that the expansion of farmland has actually been more damaging to Britain?s bee population than the concreting over (铺设混凝土) of the countryside for housing. For instance, meadows near Milton Keynes now boast more species of bee than sites in more rural areas.Reading University researcher Dr Deepa Senapathi believes intensive agriculture is to blame. Climate change could be destroying the relationship between bees and plants. That's according to a study that said warmer springs can change the life cycles of bees, which can throw them out ofthe plants they rely on. The research is the first clear example of the potential for climate change to destroy such critical relationships between species.While the gardens, parks and churchyards of towns and cities provide bees with a variety of plants to forage on and an extended flowering season, popular crops such as oilseed rape only bloom for a few weeks. Dr senapathi said: ?While concreting over the countryside may appear to be bad news for nature, we‟ve found that progressive urbanization may be much less damaging than intensive agriculture.Urban areas may benefit bees more than farmland by providing a wide variety of flowering plants and an extended flowering season, according to the researcher.“Over the past century rural landscapes in Britain have become increasingly dominated by large expanses of monoculture - the growing of a single type of plant, which has helped boost crop production. But without a mixture of habitat and food sources, rural areas can sometimes be little better than green deserts for biodiversity (生物多样性).”Scientists around the country are trying to work out why populations of bees and other insects are falling. Pesticides, climate change and disease may, like intensive farming, be playing a role.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. According to the new study of wildlife sites across four English countries, the number of bee species is_____79. According to Dr Senapathi, the development of cities causes __________________________ to bees than farmlands in suburbs.80. What are the two advantages of urban areas over farmland when it comes to housing for bees?81. Green deserts in the passage refers to the place where there is ______________________第II卷（共47分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.1. 学生应该在课堂上举手回答问题。

2025届上海市虹口区高三一模英语试卷2024.12考生注意：1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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I.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.How to Be Stylish While Protecting the EnvironmentDespite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes,there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable.This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends,(1)_________means you have to keep consuming.However, buying(2)_________awful lot of things that you don’t need,in this case new clothes,is harmful to the environment.Even so,there are still some measures you can take to achieve(3)_________of the goals.Firstly,rather than base your choice of clothes on(4)_________the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look.If you do this,you’ll look a lot more like an individual,and probably(5)_________ (genuinely)stylish.It does not require any sense of style(6)_________(copy)the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does.You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes(7)_________ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week,and this helps the environment.Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials,like cotton.But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides(杀虫剂).In fact,cotton is an especially dirty crop,with methods(8)_________(use)in its production which can destroy the local environment.If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply(9)_________(choose)organic materials.In the end,what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice.But we hope that,(10)_________(read)this,you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.arguablyB.fedC.matchD.correspondingE.determineF.hintG.implicationsH.noticeablyI.self-fulfillingJ.substantialK.taskedPeople Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their NamesA new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names.The researchers sought to11whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance,or if individuals’facial appearances change over the years to12the social stereotypes (刻板印象)connected to their names.In the study,9-to10-year-old children and adults were13with paring faces to names.The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their14names, considerably above the chance level.However,when it came to children’s faces and names,the participants were unable to make accurate associations.In another part of the study,a machine learning system was15a large database of images of human faces.The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were 16more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names.On the other hand,no17similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names.The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) 18prediction.The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name.Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways,for example,because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the19of a religious name.Dr.Yonat Zwebner,Arison School of Business,Reichman University says,“Our findings20at the broader significance of this surprising effect—the powerful influence of social stereotypes.”II.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Manufacturing is a one-way business.Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are21,producers usually wash their hands of them.Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill,which22the planet.In only50 years,the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big,to more than100 billion tons,but only less than9%of this is reused,resulting in a23of materials.Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling,but much of that is24intended to improve brand images.Yet even a company’s profits can25being environmentally friendly.This is especially so in the case of“gigafactories”,so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles(EVs)is measured in gigawatt hours(GWh).Every carmaking country wants gigafactories.Batteries are the costliest part of an EV,so making them is26.But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain.Supply chains are long and complicated,and buyers risk their reputation27by their suppliers’poor environmental and labour standards.28materials makes sense.Being29,most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.The result is a 30production process.The idea is that once31reach the ends of their lives,they should go back to a factory,where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries.Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy,but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt,a battery-maker,aims by2030to produce150GWh of batteries—enough to power some2 million EVs.By then,around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries.Northvolt is ing renewable power and other measures,CATL—the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries—thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.Could other industries do something similar?Fast fashion is widely known as a(n)33business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just13%.A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres,which are hard to recycle.Clothing companies could,like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle.Consumer electronics is another such 34that creates piles of waste,despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver,and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.35could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses.21.A.accepted B.designed C.sold D.stored22.A.rules B.saves C.heals D.pollutes23.A.analysis B.availability C.waste D.variety24.A.green-washing B.cost-cutting C.risk-taking D.trend-setting25.A.add to B.benefit from C.center around D.invest in26.A.innovative B.affordable C.profitable D.inefficient27.A.being defended B.being hurt C.being spread D.being overlooked28.A.Reusing B.Restoring C.Replacing D.Recharging29.A.big B.new C.rich D.rare30.A.full B.primary C.domestic D.circular31.A.batteries B.factories C.vehicles D.suppliers32.A.alone B.easy C.safe D.fair33.A.dynamic B.unsustainable C.inacceptable petitive34.A.gigafactory B.business pany D.manufacturer35.A.Exceptions plaints C.Discoveries D.FortunesSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married,Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared.I was sorting through a box of old photographs.2“Who’s that?”he asked.3“That was my grandfather,the one who died a few months ago.”4“Hmm.Too bad he had to die.”5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box,Max pressed his finger to a face.“And who will this be to me?”6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face.I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name.This son of the man I loved was becoming my son.We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge.All these things I’d never allowed myself to want.Now I was becoming a mother.7I should have known how to say just the right,wise,magical thing.But I didn’t.“I’ll be your second mom,”I said.8“Oh.”9“I’m sorry that your first mom died.I liked her.”10“What should I call you?”he asked.11My heart pounded,and my stomach turned over.Mama,I wanted to cry.I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son.I resisted.“You can call me Mom,or Mama.You can also call me Betsy,if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.”12He stood there a minute.“What’s for dinner?”he asked.13“Burgers.”14“Sweet,”he said as he walked out of the room.15At our wedding a few months later,Tom and I said our vows(誓言)to one another.Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him.I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind,to help him remember her,and to be the best mother I could be.16After the wedding,for the next few days,Max tried out a new title for me.“Can we go bowling?”he’d ask,and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom.Or,“Can we go to the store?”And the mouthed word,mom.Mom was always silent.It seemed he was trying it on,seeing how it felt in his mouth.17Weeks later as I drove him home from school,Max suddenly said,“I notice I don’t call you Mom.”18Oof.Who threw that rock at my chest?I breathed to calm my voice.“I noticed that.”19“When I say Betsy,I mean Mom.”20“Thanks,”I said.“That’s nice to know.”21He looked out the window.“Moms die,you know.I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.”22I willed tears away,not wanting to overwhelm him.He had enough to carry.“Thanks,Bud.I appreciate you telling me.”23“Hey,Betsy?”24“Yeah,”I said,delighted with the new sound of my old name.25“What’s for dinner?”he asked.36.When Betty said“I’ll be your second mom,”(paragraph7),she__________.A.thought her role was significant to MaxB.wished Max could let go of the sad memoriesC.was looking forward to becoming Max’s motherD.suggested that she was legally responsible for Max37.According to Max,why did he call Betsy“Betsy”instead of Mom?A.He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend.B.He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom.C.He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother.D.He hopes Betsy could always be with him.38.How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage?A.Confused about Max’s favourite food.B.Happy to lead a regular family life.C.Relieved to have a simple conversation.D.Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning.39.Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues?A.To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy.B.To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations.C.To help express the two speakers’emotions directly.D.To make the passage shorter and easier to understand.(B)Take our latest quiz!①You’ve just finished abook—do you know whatyou’ll read next?a)Yes!Perhaps a sequel ,I want to spend more time in that world.b)A book that everyone’s talking about.c)No,but I love finding unexpected books.d)No.I like asking for my friends’recommendations.②Do you value otherpeople’s opinions whendeciding what to read?a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like.b)I love to know what celebrities are reading!c)No.I just let the books do the talking!d)Yes!Friends know which books I’ll enjoy.③What do you most lookforward to in a new book?a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations.b)Talking about it with my friends.c)Discovering new voices and stories.d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved.④Do you like reading lots of books by the same author?a)Yes,once I find an author I like,I’ll read everything they write!b)If they’re a popular author,then yes!c)No,I like to read books by different authors.d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest.⑤When you go to a bookshop,where do you head first?a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series.b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers.c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye.d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations.40.Which of the following best explains what a “sequel ”is?A.A story or book that is about imaginary characters.B.A book that continues the story of a previous book.C.A book that conveys relationships between multiple characters.MostlyAs:you’re a MostlyBs:you’re aMostly Cs:you’rea Mostly Ds:you’re a There’s no betterfeeling than readingsomething you love…and then discoveringit’s part of a series!You’re alwaysguaranteed to havesomething new to lookforward to,and afamiliar world to revisitagain.You like to read the books that everyone is talking about.Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming,so ask them for their top tips.41You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you.If you want to expand your reading experiences,try getting those recommendation from lots of different places.D.A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series.41.Which of the following description best fits the definition of a“risk-taker”?A.You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of.B.You hope to find the new book of your favourite author.C.You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics.D.You only read those on top of the list of best sellers.42.What can those who take this quiz learn from the results?A.Why they prefer reading to other activities.B.Which author is probably their favourite.C.Who they should turn to for reading tips.D.What their book-choosing style is.(C)The facts of climate change are widely reported.It is noted that with a2℃increase in global temperatures,as compared with a1.5℃increase,about61million more people living in urban areas around the world will be exposed to severe drought.The problem with communicating these numbers,however,is that math anxiety—the experience of tension,fear or worry when facing mathematical problems—and the inability to understand and employ numerical concepts—are both quite common.Despite high rates of innumeracy(数学盲),there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers.First,multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication.People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not.The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers.But trade-offs exist.Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability,there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details.In past research,it was found that people find numbers helpful,so long as there aren’t too many of them.No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many—it depends on the complexity of the topic,people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall municators therefore need to know and attend to their audience:if a speaker sees someone looking bored,for example,it’s a sign to back off on the numbers.In addition to the possibility of being overloaded by numbers,their persuasive power could have consequences that communicators need to consider.Based on the most recent findings,more negative feelings about the posts containing numeric consequences of climate change are reported.To be clear,this doesn’t reflect math anxiety.Instead,these posts resulted in negative emotions because the numerically precise messages were stronger in conveying the disastrous consequences of climate change.If you cansuggest actions that people feel they can carry through,that could set off the negative feelings that arise when they consider climate change’s consequences.So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table,there are a few lessons here.Find the key numerical data and share that.Think strategically about data presentation.When talking about climate change,include some proposed action.Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations.When used wisely,numbers can help transform anxiety into action,which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change.43.According to the passage,what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change?A.They can arouse people’s anxiety about math.B.They leave the audience even more confused.C.They help make the message more credible.D.They don’t really change how people feel.44.Which of the following best fits the description of“trade-offs”(paragraph4)?A.Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter.B.People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar.C.It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers.D.People tend to hold more debates about the topic.45.According to the passage,which of the following is an effective climate message?A.Sea level rise:a ticking time bomb for coastal cities!B.Cycle5miles daily,save50%on carbon emissions!C.50%of species lost:a warning from climate change!D.Plant more trees today,enjoy fresher air tomorrow!46.What is the best title for this passage?A.Numbers:Origin of tension about climate changeB.Numbers:Reason for high levels of math anxietyC.Numbers:Cause of boredom in public speakingD.Numbers:Aid in fighting environmental issuesSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do.B.Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family.C.Dogs are fantastic at reading us.D.Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being.E.Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial.F.They’re more likely to distract you.The Benefits of Talking to Your DogIt’s common for people to chat with their dogs throughout the day—about what each other is doing or how cute or playful the pup is.It’s a gentle reminder of what’s meaningful.“When you talk to your dog, you get a sense that this is why you’re here—no matter what happens at work or with your finances,your dog still loves you and needs you,and that gives you a sense of purpose,”says Larry Young,an expert on social bonding at Emory University.47In a2018study,researchers found that people are more willing to reveal to their dogs about difficult emotions,such as depression,jealousy,anxiety,and fear,than they are with their romantic partners or friends.The precise reasons for this aren’t known but one possibility is that“pets are good,nonjudgmental listeners because they don’t interrupt or reply,”says study coauthor Daniel Mills,a specialist in human-animal relationships at the University of Lincoln.48Even so,there’s value in simply expressing emotions,especially troublesome ones.Research has found that when people put their emotions into words,their negative feelings become less intense.Another hidden advantage:Your dog isn’t going to engage in a conversation about what’s bothering you,which could keep you thinking about it.49“Dogs use emotionally controlling strategies,”Mills says.“Their desire to play draws you away from being sad or angry.”Further support for this phenomenon comes from a2022study.It was found that by engaging in micro-breaks to pet their pup,the people are able to relax and recover—in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t.50“They can sense when we’re upset—and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,”says Kogan.And“because we know that our dogs read us so well,we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs,which is helpful for us as well.”It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路).III.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.51.How Green is the Paris Olympic Games?The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern.But how did it work?On the plus side,organizers have been serious in their efforts to reduce carbon emissions.They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games,reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities.But,the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing.The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming.But despite spending1.4billion euros trying to clean the river,French authorities have achieved inconsistent results:Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants.The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors.That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by45percent.But,eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village,installing some2,500temporary air-conditioning units.For years,the organizers all promised the Games would be“climate positive.”But,whatever efforts were taken,none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host anizers of the Rio Olympics in2016estimated that more than40%of the carbon emissions came from international spectators.This year,with tickets available on a central platform globally,the number of international visitors was beyond control.For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games,some of which have been considerable,the scale of future Games must be rethought.Jules Boykoff,who has written extensively about the Olympic Games,rightly argues that“the Games need to reduce their size”.It wouldn’t solve everything,but it would make these events more sustainable.IV.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.52.你下了那么大功夫，准能在学术竞赛中脱颖而出。

虹口区 2015学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试初三英语试卷（满分 150分）考生注意：本题有 7答题，共 94小题。

试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

2016.1Part 1 Lis ten ing（第一部分听力）I. L is ten ing Co mprehens ion（听力理解）（共 30分）A. Lis ten and choose the r i ght p ic ture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（共 6分）1.2.3.4.5.6.B. Lis ten and choose the bes t answer（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当答案）（共8分）7. A) Baske tba l l.8. A) 9:00.B) Tennis.B) 9:05.C) Ska t ing.D) Swim ming.D) 9:30.C) 9:25.9. A)In the c lass room.C)In the read ing room.10. A) Programs.11. A) Canada.Zea land.B)In the pocke t.D) On the p layground.C) Bees.B) Food.D) Languages.B) Br i t a in.C) Aus t ra l i a.D) Ne w12. A) Because he was very upse t.C) Because he was bad ly i l l.B) Because he d idn’t work hard.D) Because he was very ca rel e s s.B) The man has an easy job.13. A) They’r e t r ave l ing by plane.C) The wo man en joys the t r i p.D) The man l ikes h i s job.14. A) They’d be t t e r no t go f or a wa lk.C)I t’s no t good go ing fo r a walk in the ra in.B) Going fo r a wa lk i s a g reat idea.D) They wi l l go fo r a wa lk i n ha l f an hour.C. Lis ten to the passage and te l l whether the fo l lowing s ta tements are true or fa l s e（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（共6分）15. Dick was seven and he was two years o lde r than h i s s i s te r Ca ther ine .16. Mrs . Green took Cather i ne to the b ig c i ty to buy some new beau t i fu l c lo thes .17. Dick ’s aun t Mrs . B lack t ook h im in to the k i t chen to e a t a n ice cake toge ther .18. Dick ’s aun t gave h im a s mal l kn i fe and asked h im to cu t the cake in ha l f .19. I n fac t , Dick ’s aun t meant to l e t h i s s i s t e r Ca ther ine eat the b igger p iece .20. Dick took the cake to h i s s i s t e r because he rea l ly want ed to be a gen t leman.D. Lis ten to the d ia logue and co mplete the fo l lowing s entences （听对话，完成下列内容。