2017学年第一学期虹口区高三英语一模试卷+答案

2017年上海高考英语一模翻译汇总含答案2017年上海各区一模试卷翻译部分2017年宝山区高考一模翻译部分V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, usingthe words given in the brackets.72.顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。

(focus)73.我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。

(no longer)74.这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。

(…why…)75.她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪。

(…such …that…)参考答案:72. Customers are always focusing too much on brand image /packaging73. I could no longer resist the urge to watch the basketball match last night 74. The reason why the book is highly recommended is that it provides us with hope and inspiration.75. She made/ delivered such a heartfelt/sincere speech that we were almost moved to tears.2017年崇明区高考一模翻译部分V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, usingthe words given in the brackets.72. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金,:approve)73. 不可否认的是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days every month.Pete Cohen, GMTV‟s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from ,said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfing instead. It‟s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect produ ctivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people‟s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you‟ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven‟t been checked for months.Keys:56-59: DCBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)①Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the scene by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup.②Walcott‟s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him.” FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against.” In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.③It was symbolic that Walcott‟s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans‟ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.④Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father‟s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols.⑤The teenager‟s rise to fame was not completely out of blue. He was part of England‟s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.⑥But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before.⑦Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008.⑧Walco tt‟s wonderful performance lighted England fans‟ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966.⑨But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a c ountry‟s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.56. Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott‟s increasing fame?A. Fast speed.B. Masterly skills.C. Positional sense.D. Unusual family.57. Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph?A. To show that England football once had a glorious history.B. To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy”.C. To indicate that England fans were difficult to please.D. To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott.58. In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of blue” most probably means “________”.A. impoliteB. unexpectedC. impossibleD. unintentional59. What is the author most likely to agree with?A. Walcott might not live up to fa ns‟ expectation.B. Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool.C. Croatia might change the history of the World Cup.D. England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round.Keys:56-59 DDBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Jeremy Baras remembers the first time heever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-oldentrepreneur（企业家）was on vacation inEngland four years ago and had to look up at theLondon Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging abovehim was a capsule full of diners who were served anew course each time a revolution was made.“I thought that was the coolest thing ever”, he says. Baras, who founded in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may beonly a tiny part of the $709 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession （衰退）.The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they‟re stuck in the back of somebody else‟s kitchen cooking somebody else‟s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups‟ temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won‟t tire of the concept. Some en trepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations —in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane — to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”56. What does the underlined part “a revolution wasmade” in Paragraph One possibly mean?A. Chefs designed creative dishes.B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.D. Great changes were made in the food industry.57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants‟ fast development?A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideB. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingC. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basisD. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs‟ originality59. The writer‟s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsB. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsC. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurantsD. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants‟ developmentKeys:56—59 CADBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo‟s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey‟s owner.But war breaks out and they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his56. What amazed Albert‟s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke‟s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert according to Joey‟s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but coldKeys: 56-58 ADBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ALate one autumn day at the aquatic center(水上运动中心）in Ancenis, France, something wentquietly, horribly wrong. An 18-year-old named Jean-Francois LeRoy was a regular, coming often in the early evenings to swim in the 25-meter pool. Drownings are often difficult to spot. Most are near-silent incidents where the victim quickly sinks out of view. On this particular day maybe the lifeguards weren't paying as close attention as they should have been. Certainly they believed the tall athletic LeRoy was not a high-risk swimmer.But on this evening LeRoy was practicing apnea(屏气）swimming—testing how far he could swim underwater on one breath—and at some point, without making any visible or audible disturbance on the water's surface, he lost consciousness. The guards failed to notice as he stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of the deep end of the pool. With his arms crossed over his head and his feet twitching (抽搐),he was unconscious and drowning. It would lake him as little as four minutes to die.Although the human lifeguards watching the pool were unaware, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing and taking notice. Just nine months earlier the center had installed a state-of-the-art electronic surveillance system called Poseidon, a network of cameras that feeds a computer programmed to use a set of complex mathematical procedure to distinguish between normal and distressed swimming. Poseidon covers a pool's entire swimming area and can distinguish among dim reflections, shadows, and actual swimmers. It can also tell when real swimmers are moving in a way they're not supposed to. When the computer detects a possible problem, it instantly activates a beeper to warn lifeguards and displays the exact incident location on a monitor. The rest is up to the humans above the water.Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed the large, sinking lump that was Jean-Francois LeRoy, lifeguards had LeRoy out of the pool and gave him first aid. He started breathing again. After one night in the local hospital, he was released with no permanent damage. Poseidon had saved his life.56.People sometimes fail to detect accidents in the swimming pool because _______ .A.lifeguards neglect their dutiesB. drowning men don‟t struggle in waterC.there is no electronic surveillance system installedD.drownings often occur quietly and quickly57.Which of the following statements in NOT true?A.Lifeguards will give way to Poseidon system.B.Poseidon system can locate drowning incidents.C.Poseidon system can pick out unusual swimmers.D.Lifeguards will count on Poseidon system.58.The purpose of this passage is to ______________ .A.publicize a machine which can watch out for swimmers in distressB.tell people what may happen in a swimming poolC.warn swimmers not to swim underwater aloneD.advertise an aquatic center equipped with state-of-the-art devicesKeys: 56-58 D AASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida‟s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it‟s making them sick - even killing them.It‟s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick th at they can‟t even swim.“They‟re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,”said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can‟t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida‟s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!T he experts aren‟t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much ofthe Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government‟s protection, Florida‟s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that‟s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.56. The word “them”(in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC.manateesD.endangered animals57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A.causes 174 manatees‟ deaths every month.B.disables manatees‟ ability to surface to breathe.C.has destroyed most of the underwater greens.D.helps to fertilize farm lands.58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts‟ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees‟ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.Keys: 56-59 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and Pm not even a cat. My father died when T was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.This was when I began to enjoy my first life. T was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted（使苦恼）with a slowly progressive disease of the motornerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life....In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it ---repeating the process 14 times, I would be through---1 could then admit defeat and lie down and die.Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked（猝然一动） . In the same instant I heard thebang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible!I started the engine and thumped slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn.The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm.About an hour later, the man's voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you're all set now. ” “Thanks，” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple. Glad to be of help. 1 know you'd do the same for me. There‟s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill，“No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can‟t see it. ”56. “A cat has nine lives” here means _________.A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animalB. a cat can die ninthC. a lucky man cannot die easilyD. the writer will live nine times57. What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? .A. Warm-hearted but pitiableB. Warm-hearted and happyC. A blind old man that has nothing to do every dayD. A poor old man that is always ready to help others58. How will the story be ended?A. The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept.B. The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek.C. The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do.D. In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never feltbefore.59. The best title for this passage perhaps will be ___________.A. The Old Man and His DaughterB. Heart Leaping UpC. Never Lose HeartD. Good Will Be Rewarded GoodKeys:56-59 CBDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric‟s Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers‟ productivity and mora le. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group‟s work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effect.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers‟ output because ________.A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is__________.A. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________.A. workers‟ attitudes are more important than thei r environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity59. The author‟s main purpose is_____________.A. to explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future researchKeys:56-59 CDAASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A woman standing over six feet tall and weighing about 200 pounds isbound to make an impression. But in Mary Fields‟ case, these features wereoutmatched by a heart of gold that made her legendary (传奇的).Born into slavery in Tennessee in 1832 or 1833, Mary had nothing, noteven a date of birth. However, in her early years, she found something of trulylasting value—a friend named Dolly. In addition to friendship, Dolly also may have taught Mary to read and write, an invaluable advantage for slaves. At the end of America‟s Civil War, Mary finally received her freedom and made her own way out into the world.Mary was employed on a steamboat as a maid when she received word from Dolly, now a nun(修女) in Ohio called Mother Amadeus. Mary arrived in Ohio in 1878 and worked at Amadeus‟ girls‟ school, managing the kitchen and garden. She became known as a gun-carrying, cigar-smoking woman, but also as an example of kindness and reliability. After a few years,though, Amadeus was sent to another school out West in Montana, becoming the first black woman to settle in central Montana.When Mary was in her 50s, a sick Mother Amadeus called her West. So Mary made her way to the small town of Cascade, Montana, to nurse Amadeus to health. She did this and more, running supplies and visitors to St. Peter‟s Mission where Amadeus lived. Once when her wagon (四轮马车) overturned, she guarded the delivery from wolves through the night.But Mary‟s rough edges caused the local bishop (主教) to prohibit her from working at the mission. Mother Amadeus then set her up as the first African-American female employee of the U.S. Postal Service. Though in her 60s, Mary was such a dependable mail carrier that she earned the name “Stagecoach” Mar y. She became a beloved figure in Cascade. She was the only woman allowed in the saloon (酒馆), was the baseball team‟s biggest fan and was given free meals in the town hotel.Nearly 70, Mary quit delivering the mail but remained in Cascade. The town‟s schoo l closed to celebrate her unknown birthday twice a year. When she passed away in 1914, a simple cross was placed to mark her grave and her legend in the Wild West.56. What about Mary Fields impressed people most?A. Her tall and fat figure.B. Her reputation as an educated slave.C. Her friendliness and responsibility.D. Her habit of carrying a gun and smoking.57. Which of the following shows Mary‟s life experience in the order of time?①Mary began to deliver mail in Cascade.②Mary worked in a school in Montana.③Mary was taught to read and write.④Mary took care of sick Amadeus.⑤Mary worked on a steamed boat.A. ⑤①③②④B. ⑤④②①③C. ②④⑤③①D. ③⑤②④①58. Mary became a mail carrier because ________.A. people in Cascade loved herB. she once worked at St. Peter‟s MissionC. Mother Amadeus recommended herD. the US Postal Service needed a female employee59. In th e last paragraph, “her legend” most probably refers to ________.A. her high social statusB. her unusual life as a pioneerC. her friendship with Amadeus.D. her role in the liberation of slaves。

2017一模概要写作汇总1.2017宝山区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A good story encourages us to turn the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry or really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us 'feel' that we are part of the story, too. Just like in our 'real' lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have similar problems.Because of this natural empathy with the characters, our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information. Our brains don't always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become 'alive' to us. What they say and do is therefore more meaningful. This is why the words and structures that relate a story's events, descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word 'history' contains the word 'story' – this is not a coincidence!) Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but memorable.2017宝山区一模SW答案An interesting story motivates/inspires us to read continuously, for it reflects our real lives. Ignoring the unreal factors, we usually feel empathy with the characters and think a lot about the words and structures related to the story. People all over the world have employed/ used storytelling to obtain knowledge and make children’s language learning meaningful and impressive. (57words)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.2017崇明区一模SW答案Gene therapy is a new approach to treat illness by introducing healthy genes into defective cells. Children could lead a relatively normal life by doctors’ inserting healthy genetic material into a virus. Besides, gene therapy also benefit those older people suffering from slow movements and uncontrollable movements. Hopefully, it will treat every genetic disease despite more research into its safety.（60words）Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to, it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease?Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物)that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, day cares, and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Music therapy is used to treat illness because it can reduce pain or stimulate brain. Effects will be better if classic music is chosen or musical instrument is played. It helps to reduce pain in cancer and it helps brain development of babies. In a word, music therapy has become a useful addition to traditional treatment.4.2017虹口区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it’s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter (荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’s no harm in indulging (放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the worldthere are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!2017虹口区一模SW答案As the exam time is coming, there are some tips for preparing. An article in The Guardian suggests that organizing a proper study time can help memorizing. A U.S professor notes that note taking might be helpful. Besides, there are also various traditions all the round the world for bringing good luck to the exams, such as Katsudon in Japan and "no hair washing" in South Korea. However, some basically things for exam preparation are studying hard, eating well and sleeping well.5.2017黄浦区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to ― super size the meal, he had to agree. ― Super sizing refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says ―I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I’m not going to ―super size. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.’ Food for thought indeed.2017黄浦区一模SW答案Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and then made it into a documentary film. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.6.2017静安区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization(WHO), obesity(肥胖症) has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 milling were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict between airlines’ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro, an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his fight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a “fat tax”). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory(歧视的)，but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo. It has nothing to do with the condition of the weight. The heavier a plane is, themore fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passenger with disabilities,” she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passenger a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include one who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat.2017静安区一模SW答案With the increasing obesity, airline one-size- fits-all seats can’t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines’ needs and passenger rights, many airlines have asked overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more.7.2017闵行区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.2017闵行区一模SW答案8.2017浦东新区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often producescontradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free’ milk? Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in the garden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.2017浦东新区一模SW答案Study shows that different food choices cause different health conditions and behaviors. However, making good food choices is pretty hard because of confusing information and challenging food shopping. Some simple things, such as urban gardening, can be a solution to puzzling food choices. Apart from that, it also helps to build up your body through physical exercise. （57words）9.2017年普陀区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people whowant to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.2017年普陀区一模SW答案salary and kids’ bad behavior, which push talents to business operations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign to display teaching’s bright side. (60 words)low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parents should be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government is encouraged to improve teachers’ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)10.2017年青浦区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I’d always wanted to do——become a freelance writer（自由作家）. Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.I work about as much as I did before——between 45 and 50 hours a week——but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8a.m. To 5p.m. Everyday, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I worked when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. I’ve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don’t feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don’t have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there’s enough money until the next check arrives.All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn’t mean I’ll never want to have a “regular” job. But for me, at least, it suits me.2017年青浦区一模SW答案After the author quit his job and became a freelance writer, some changes have taken place to his lifestyle. The working schedule becomes more flexible. He has also done more exercises and eaten more healthily. But he is concerned that he might not get regular wages. Anyway, he finds the current lifestyle suitable for him.采分点1：the author changed profession.采分点2：Flexible working schedule采分点3：Doing exercise to keep fit and eating healthily采分点4：Worried about not having regular paycheck采分点5：The lifestyle suits the author11.2017年松江区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It’s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a “blank” laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they’re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today’s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.“It’s harder for people who are right around my age and older.” said Ms. Cooley, 36. “I’m laptop-savvy,so I was ready for it, but those that aren’t are a little worrying.2017松江区一模SW答案More and more schools in America choose e-textbooks. That’s because it’s easy to update e-textbooks. Besides, with rapid district growth, it’s difficult to know the exact number of students, so some of them have to wait months before textbooks arrive. Finally, adjusting to e-books may help to reduce cost. However, it worries some old teachers.12.2017年徐汇区一模SWDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it’s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, “By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.”That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies’ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It’s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “Perhaps average faces are more attractive because they seem more familiar.”Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it‘s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn‘t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram(死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: ―If you organi ze five hours of study into one hour a day, you‘ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.‖Don‘t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, sugge sts that ―you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.‖Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there‘s no harm in indulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‗katsu‘, meaning ‗winning‘.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‗lucky underwear‘.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According to experts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessary preparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald‘s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald‘s and every time an employee asked if he would like to ―super size‖ the meal, he had to agree. ―Super sizing‖ refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald‘s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn‘t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says ―I‘d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I‘m not going to ―super size‖. Maybe I‘m not going have any junk food at all. I‘m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we‘re eating and have a relationship with each other.‘‖ Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald‘s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what‘s good for us and what isn‘t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It‘s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free‘ milk? Tofu or chicken? It‘s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it‘s not easy to make healthy ones.Because confusing/contradictory food informationand misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices.Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn‘t have to be restricted to fr iends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists‘ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allow people to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunities and encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate the organization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferences globally.(54words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it‘s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, ―By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.‖That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies‘ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It‘s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. ―Perhaps average faces aremore attractive because they seem more familiar.‖Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average —that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.―The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,‖ Apicella concludes. ―If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?‖Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. ―The prefere nce for average itself is biologically based,‖ Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies‘ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an early age. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people. Meanwhile, people‘s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certain faces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person‘s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems.Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies dueto complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin (内啡肽).Endorphins are the body‘s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother‘s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstreamtreatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. Sonext time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengershighlight the conflict betweenairlines‘ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesityby insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a ―fat tax‖). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的), but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn‘t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.―We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it viol ates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,‖ she says. ―The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.‖Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‗one-person, one-fare‘ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‗clinically obese‘ and who cannot fit into a single seat.Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can‘t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines‘ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy―We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,‖ said James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would ―seriously consider‖ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: ―I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.‖It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don‘t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here‘s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: ―I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.‖The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers‘ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in o ther professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid‘s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers‘ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching‘s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers due to the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parents should be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improve teachers‘ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it‘s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you‘re ―hot‖. That‘s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: ―Get up, John! You‘ll be late for work again!‖ The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can‘t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you‘re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won‘t change your cycle, but you‘ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.Keys:Everyone has an energy cycle, which is individually different. When your body temperature reaches the peak, you‘ll feel most energetic. Though we can‘t change the cycle, we can form some habits to make our life fit better and avoid many conflicts with people. Additionally, getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save our energy. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It‘s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a ―blank‖ laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they‘re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today‘s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.―It‘s harder for people who are right around my age and older.‖ said Ms. Cooley, 36. ―I‘m。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in acompetition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is aprogram of NASA, the American space agency. TheCornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. Theword cislunar means “between the earth and themoon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build anddeliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASA off icials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen andoxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys: 63-66: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the c ountry by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’shouse, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeKeys:63—66 DBACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved:how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework u pon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to s tand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’ first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Keys:62-66 CCBABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C）Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most atrisk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65.What is the author most concerned about?A.The expanding of the gambling industry.B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream" means _________ .A. wonderful ideaB. creative ideaC. unworkable planD. practical plan KEYS: 63-66 BBCCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. O ne might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choiceof director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.KEYS: 63-66 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55 The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.。

2010-2023历年上海市虹口区高考一模英语试卷（带解析）第1卷一.参考题库(共18题)plete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. basedB. scheduleC. individualD. determinedE. achievingF. ambitiousG. successH. studyingI. marvelJ. smarterThe Secret of SuccessThe secret of success is that there is no secret. Some people succeed because they are just __【小题1】__ than other people. Some people succeed because they just work harder than other people. And some people succeed because they are just plain lucky.Ma Donghan is a student at Tsinghua University who is __【小题2】__ to be successful and she’s not going to leave it to luck. Ma is obviously smart because she’s a student at the best university in China, but her plan for success is __【小题3】__ on the old fashion value of hard work. You can see that by the weekly schedule she’s se t up for herself which was recently posted online.Every hour of every day is accounted for. There is her classroom __【小题4】__, of course, but then blocks of time are set aside for __【小题5】__ each subject and also for a few activities like playing sports. There are no hours set aside for just relaxing and there are only five hours allotted(分配) each night for sleeping. She has set a very __【小题6】_, almost punishing schedule for herself, but it seems to be working.Other students __【小题7】__ at Ma’s diligence and discipline but doubt that they could achieve the same level of success. Perhaps not, but Ma is obviously a unique and special __【小题8】__. She has set high goals, made a plan to achieve those goals, and worked hard to keep to her plan. This is what other students can learn from Ma. In school, as in life, __【小题9】__ is never guaranteed and not everyone will find him or herself at the top of the pyramid. The important thing to remember is that having aplan and working hard to stay with the plan will bring you a level of success that just being smart and lucky cannot.2.-- How long do you think it will be ______ the bus arrives here?-- No more than five minutes.A．whenB．beforeC．sinceD．after3. an important position in a big company, Richard has a good chance to improve himself.A．OfferedB．OfferingC．Having offeredD．To offer4.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine(饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel amoral obligation(责任) to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile(衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meetthis need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent(疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping(倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel(员工).【小题1】The author believes that the increased size of the human population results from _______.A．an increase in birthratesB．the industrial developmentC．a decrease in death ratesD．childhood diseases【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.A．it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not workB．the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvationC．old people were given the task of imparting(传授) the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generationsD．death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of(免除) the hardships of life【小题3】The phrase “this need” in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．prolonging the dying old people’s livesB．reducing the problems caused by the retired peopleC．making profits through caring for the sick or weak peopleD．taking care of the sick or weak people【小题4】According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?A．Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. B．Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. C．Many nursing homes are sponsored by religious and nonprofit groups. D．Older people have wealth or private insurance if they have a serious illness.5.Making a proper choice ______ the future will probably make much difference in our life.A．concerningB．to concernC．concernedD．having concerned6.When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very __50__. Some stories are told as if they were true. Real people who live in a __51__ world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not __52__. They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be impossible for us.But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only __53__. How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter, we do seem to learnsomething about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than __54__. Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of thinking. When we read or write something, we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our __55__, which is real, and our imagination, which is real in a different way, to make the words come to life in our minds.Both realism and fantasy(幻想) use the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read something realistic, we have to __56__ that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we __57__ that we are real and they are not. It sounds __58__, but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and __59__ the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by __60__ that what we read is like real life. __61__, we are writing the book, too.Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our __62__ when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose ourselves in a good story, eager to find out what will __63__ next. Knowing how we feel when we read can help us become better__64__, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.【小题1】A．differentB．possibleC．importantD．necessary【小题2】A．commonB．usualC．normalD．certain【小题3】A．instructiveB．realisticC．reasonableD．moral【小题4】A．plannedB．thinkableC．designedD．imagined【小题5】A．magicB．lessonsC．dreamsD．experience【小题6】A．grammar B．knowledge C．skill D．words【小题7】A．recall B．ensure C．imagine D．understand 【小题8】A．hopeB．find C．learn D．know【小题9】A．terrible B．dangerous C．serious D．strange【小题10】A．think about B．talk of C．learn from D．forget about 【小题11】A．guessing B．telling C．pretending D．promising【小题12】A．In a way B．As usual C．On the contrary D．By the way【小题13】A．societyB．mindsC．lifeD．world【小题14】A．appearB．argueC．happenD．develop【小题15】A．writersB．fansC．professionalsD．readers7.Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请认真观察下面的漫画，然后简要描述漫画内容，并根据你对该漫画的理解，谈谈自己的思考和看法。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have h uge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona,Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the collegecount. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other word s, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to o ffer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. Asa result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suita ble for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.。

2017上海高考英语虹口区一模虹口区2016-2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016.12 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those wholive nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet(花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The wor ds “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking(鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis(假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood orwork/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put youat risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay(指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C.technologyD. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C.economicalD.moderate43. A.definiteB. possibleC. formalD. legal44. A. work out B. makesoutC. givesoutD. sendsout45. A. Refunding B.DepositingC. PayingD.Withdrawing46. A. B. C. D. troublesbargains purchases preparations47. A. Similarly B.MeanwhileC.FurthermoreD.However48. A. introductio n B. contact C.cooperationD.extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A.questionB. reasonC. conceptD. solution51. A. reserved B.providedC.intendedD. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D.purposefully53. A. inexact B.unnecessaryC.impracticalD.inconvenient54. A. cancelled B.registeredC. testedD.restricted55. A. B. demand C. prefer D. aimattemptSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days everymonth.Pete Cohen, GMTV’s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from , said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfinginstead. It’s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect productivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people’s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you’ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven’t been checked for months.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursJun -- Sept Monday -- Thursday: 09:00 -- 21:00Friday -- Sunday: 08:00 -- 22:00Oct -- Dec Sunday -- Friday: 10:00 -- 19:00Saturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park orby calling 400-180-0000 /86-21-31580000. They canalso follow the officialWechat account ShangHaiDisneyResort tobook a ticket. Of course, tickets can be bought at the entrance, but there may be a long queue. Visitors need to show passports or ID cards to book tickets and enter.Five Things You S houldn’t Miss●TRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the SunkenTreasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’ssignature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water areallowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, andlarge luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed incartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save youfrom waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are stronglyrecommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well,excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fast(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit(轨道) around the moon.The students are fromCornell University in thestate of New York. Theyare taking part in acompetition called theCube Quest Challenge. It isa program of NASA, the American space agency. The Cornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. The word cislunar means “between the earth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.”NASA officials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other thanrockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release.“But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re al ready in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark(火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun,moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small andflight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at CornellUniversity according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space Journey Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Good of GardeningDo you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden.This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which i s my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it’s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with thetextbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember mo re than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of justrereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’s no harm in indulging (放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences intoEnglish, using the words given in the brackets.1、干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why）2、全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursSaturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park or by calling 400-180-0000 / 86-21-31580000. They can also follow the official Wechat accountShangHaiDisneyResort to book a ticket. Of course, ticketscan be bought at the entrance, but there may be a longqueue. Visitors need to show passports or ID cards tobook tickets and enter.Five Things You S houldn’t Miss●TRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the SunkenTreasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’s signature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water are allowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, and large luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed in cartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save you from waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are strongly recommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well, excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fastKeys: 60-62: ACDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(B)✓OverviewExplore Stewart Island and the surrounding bays in our modern mini-buses. Our guides enjoy sharing their local knowledge of the history and environment of Stewart Island. Highlights include Lee Bay, the gateway to Rakiura National Park, beautiful Horseshoe Bay and amazing views of✧More information♦Departure location: Oban Visitor Centre.♦What to bring: Comfortable walking shoes or boots, waterproof jacket, warm sweater or fleece jacket, sunscreen or sunglasses, insect repellent and camera.♦Car parking: Vehicle parking is available at Oban (extra cost—reservations recommended).♦Wheelchair access: Available.♦Children ticket: Children under ten go free for travel as long as they are accompanied by an adult.✧Reviews♦“There was so much to see and learn that it was hard to take everything in. The bays we stopped at were beautiful with golden sandy beaches, the forests were overpoweringand we expected dinosaurs to appear at any time, the views from lookout point weresplendid and the anchor point with Bluff brought a smile. Thank you to Chris and theexperienced team for such an informative tour.”Ron P♦“Any visitor to Stewart Island could do no bett er than take one of the guided tours from the Oban Visitor Centre—especially if you only have limited time available. We hadthe delightful and extremely informative Kylie conduct a small number on one of thevillage tours. This is a beautiful place—a few fascinating shops and restaurants,wonderful walks and warm and friendly people.”Michael Mason “I love finding out about places and the guide was full of information and stories as we visited every interesting place and view in Oban (it didn’t take too long...). A great wayto start a visit as it helps you know where everything is.”Kiwieric60. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Oban, he had better ________.A. refer to the guides firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservationD. walk to the center in advance61. Herry, a six-year-old boy, wanted to have a sightseeing of the Stewart Island with his parents. How much should they pay for the mini-bus tour?A. $135.B. $90.C. $ 45.D. Free.62. If a traveler takes the guided tour, he can experience all the following EXCEPT ________.A. breath-taking sceneryB. charming walksC. dinosaur samplesD. detailed tour guideKeys: 60-61 CBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(B)In four countries with fast-developing economies (BRIC) – Brazil, Russia, India, and China –the agricultural sector has become a proving ground for innovation. Juergen Voegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “by transformin g agriculture,we will not only meet the challenge of feeding nine billion peopleby 2050 but do so in ways that create wealth and reduce itsenvironmental footprint.”BRAZILSoybeans on the RisePreserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil’s soybean production has increased. The country is n ow the world’s second largest producer of the crop. How did this happen?Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Depa rtment of Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This progress, says the World Bank’s Juergen Voegele, is an example of how “producing more food coexist with protecting the environment.”60. According to Juergen Voegele, innovation in agriculture will lead to all the following except ___________.A. increased wealthB. the solution to the world’s food crisisC. less impact on natureD. the challenging of feeding the world’s population61. Which one is the appropriate number to fill in the blank in the chart?A. 95.6B. 104.2C. 14D. 8.662. What is the most important problem Brazil is faced with?A. Feeding nine billion people by 2050.B. Increasing its soybean production.C. Protecting its rain forest from deforestation.D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.Keys: 60—62 DBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(B)Clare College CambridgeClare is the second oldest college in Cambridge University, having initially been founded in 1326 and refounded by Elizabath de Clare in 1338. Today, we uphold her educational and social goals and College is a booming community of over 100 Fellows, 450 undergraduate students, 200 graduate students and 100 staff.The College welcomes visitors, but please remember it is a working environment supporting academic scholarship. We hope you will enjoy the beauty of the gardens and buildings, but it is essential that visitors:●conduct themselves quietly around the College;●avoid blocking paths or doorways;●do not enter areas marked “Private” or “Closed”Historic buildings have steep steps and some rough surfaces. So please mind your steps. Please help to maintain the appearance of the College grounds by:●not picnicking or dropping l itter;●keeping to the pathways in Old Court;●not smoking while on the College grounds.The Porters cabins provide first aid facilities. Unfortunately, Clare College does not have public toilets.PhotographyVisitors may use hand held cameras. Photography for commercial purposes requires prior permission in writing from the Head Porter.Preservation and DonationsClare College receives no state funding for the preservation of these historic buildings and gardens, but relies instead on donations. If you would like to support the work of the College, its buildings or gardens. Please contact the Development Office (http: www. ). We welcome inquires.59 . From the writing we can learn that Clare College ___________.A. only opens part of her buildings and gardens to the publicB. mainly gets the money from donators and the governmentC. enjoys a growing reputation as the second largest in Cambridge UniversityD. welcomes cameramen to take photos on campus for different purposes60. Suppose you are a tour guide with a group at Clare College, which of the following might truly put you to trouble?A. A couple insist enjoying their lunch on the lawn.B. A child needs to go to the bathroom all of a sudden.C. An elderly woman falls off the steps and hurts herself.D. Some tourists keep exchanging ideas in a loud voice.61. We can most probably get this piece of writing from ___________.A. the academic website of Cambridge UniversityB. the Development Office of Clare CollegeC. the Head Porter of Cambridge UniversityD. the main entrance of Clare CollegeKeys: 59-61 ABDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)The first animals on earth were never able to achieve much in the world because they lived in the sea, which provided limited oxygen, and they had no backbone. For ages there were many kinds of these animals living in the sea and on land. They differed widely from each other and included such creatures as insects and worms. They had no brain, and therefore none of these animals without a backbone has ever been of much importance. They are wonderfully made but differ so widely that it is really impossible to arrange them in a simple order. However, those who study the different kinds of backboned animals find they can all be arranged in a simple way. More importantly, it is possible to show which class evolved first, which last, and so on.The five great classes of backboned animals are: fishes, amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals. A common amphibian is the frog which is able to live in water and on land. A mammalfeeds its young by giving milk. There are very great differences between a fish, a frog, a horse, a bird and a man; yet they all have a backbone.A great step was taken when some creatures swam ashore. Perhaps it all began when the frog developed. Even today, a baby frog, the tadpole, begins as a fish, having gills (鳃),but then becomesa frog with lungs. The frog even develops feet and hands similar to ours inbone structure. Ages ago the first frog laid down the plan of the kind oflimbs(肢）which all backboned animals, including humans, have bad, thoughsome of them, like the bird, do not keep this kind of five-fingered limb alltheir lives.When the frog has grown from a tadpole to a backboned animal with four limbs, breathing air by means of lungs, it is very like certain of the next class of backboned animals-- the reptiles. The larger reptiles living on earth for many year ago were dinosaurs. Some of the smaller ones grew stretches of skin between their outspread fingers to form wings. We do know, from fessilized (化石的）remains, that the first birds were flying reptiles with sharp teeth. What a strange world it must have been during these times!59. The author believes that animals without backbones __________.A. had no brain so they did not surviveB. were difficult to classifyC. have been important creaturesD. are easily placed in order of arrival60. From the article we can know ___________.A. animals had a backbone but no brainB. insects came from wormsC. animals came from insectsD. the time order of species61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The first bird developed from a flying fish.B. The horse belongs to the amphibian family.C. The hand of a frog has four fingers and a thumb.D. All the animals have got backbones inside their body.62. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. How Backboned Animals EvolvedB. How to Classify All Living ThingsC. The Life Cycle of a FrogD. How the First Bird FlewKeys: 59-62 BDCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from acommunication failure. We can tell dogs what we wantthem to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve alwaysstruggled when it comes to understanding the true meaningof their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture) has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend.HOW IT WORKS●The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped witha variety of technologies.●Wireless sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc, even whenthey’re out of sight.●The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and totranslate human requests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors. WHAT’S FOR✧The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.✧Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.✧The sensor-packed harness can sense the a nimal’s movement, and the sounds it makes,letting the owner knows how they feel.✧Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back” to their animals.✧The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.60. The word “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack61. Which of the following is NOT the intention of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.Keys: 60-62 BDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)EFP Courses provide courses in English language andBritish culture. Our courses are aimed at students agedbetween 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level orabove in English. The courses are held in Guildford, ahistoric town near London.Typical structure of a one-week course> up to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers 2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)FULL BOARD(全食宿）with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016. Why choose EFP courses>in addition to our standard English classes, wc also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teachers>we expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the course>we tailor courses to each group's needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for cither one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group. How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to info@. By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit efpcourses.co uk.See you in Guildford soon!56. What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A. Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.57. Suppose you arc to take EFP courses this academic year, you can ________ .A. make a reservation from October 31 to December 20B. enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC. experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD. hand in an application by visiting their website58. The purpose of this writing is to __________.A. attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB. offer group students access to BFP coursesC.demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesD. illustrate the importance of EFP courses.KEYS: 60-62 DABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Join IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of theAcademy Museum of Motion PicturesThe Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences isbuilding the world’s leading movie museum in the heart ofLos Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, scheduled to open in 2017, will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters and educational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museum will explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity around the world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy has launched a $300 million fundraising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette Bening and Tom Hanks. We hope you can join IMDb and the Academy Museum’s community of early supporters by making a gift to the campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcoming museum events and developments.Donate NowHelp make movie history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by making your contribution today.To see a full list of the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like to make a donation or learn more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine Joyce Rodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at Christine.Rodriguez@ or 310 247 3040.60. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures is located________________ .A. in the downtown area of Los AngelesB. in the suburb of the city of Los AngelesC. in the Los Angeles County Museum of ArtD. in the centre of Wilshire May Company61. The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will focus on________________ .A. the exhibition of film equipmentB. the impact of film industry on world cultureC. the popularity of Hollywood movie cultureD. the achievements of American galleries and theatres62. The passage is intended to________________ .A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie historyB. arouse people’s interest in the Academy MuseumC. raise enough money for the Academy MuseumD. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters’ dreamsKeys: 60-62 ABCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）JENISON PUBLIC SCHOOLSJenison International Academy is excited to offer online, nonessential courses to international students. Kindly view the online elective options, as well as the enrollment process, below. The application window for part time enrollments will close on Friday, December 30, 2016.Online Courses Offered Grades 1-12Elective OpportunitiesPlease click to view our Elective Course Offerings.Part Time Enrollment at JIAStudents participating in the program are allowed to enroll in up to 4 elective courses each semester, and have the option to take 100% of their courses online or create a schedule combination of online and on-campus courses at Jenison Public Schools, which may also include Tech Center, Co-op, and other qualified programs.Student Application ProcessSTEP 1: Online PreparationPlease review the following Interactive Online Readiness Criteria. Please keep this form for your own records.Online Readiness CriteriaSTEP 2: Submit Forms & DocumentationBy completing the Part Time Enrollment Application, applicants are fulfilling the Virtual Learning and District-Required Documentation.Printed ApplicationParents or guardians can download, print, and complete the JIA Enrollment paperwork & JPS District Application. Mail, scan or fax all completed paperwork using the contact information provided on the first page.Printed ApplicationAdditional Required Documentation can be found within the enrollment packet.An email will be sent to the parent or guardian email account when a completed application has been received. Upon review and approval, a welcome message and course selection email will be issued to the same address.60. The courses are designed for _____.A. high-level students who are studying in Jenison Public SchoolsB. international students whose parents work in Jenison Public SchoolsC. foreign students who can’t study full time in Jenison International AcademyD. graduate students who want a part-time job in Jenison International Academy61. To get enrolled, one should _____.A. prepare both online and offlineB. print the Online Readiness CriteriaC. contact JIA in person beforehandD. email the JIA Enrollment paperwork62. What can be learned from the webpage?A. The enrollment should be applied on December 30, 2016.B. The parent or guardian needs to have an email account.C. The students need to study at least 8 courses each year.D. The courses can only be learned online.Keys: 60-62 CABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）beach60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.C. Cedar Lodge.D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs___________.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650Keys: 60-62: CDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. The underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to ________.A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT ________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.Keys: 59-62 DDCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(B)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are shared among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad (无数）of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationship of all those prices makes up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.。

6.2016~2017学年上海市虹口区英语中考一模卷（含答案）上海尚孔教育培训有限公司虹口区2016学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试初三英语试卷2017.1Par 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening Comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）( )7. A. A bakery. B. A coin shop. C. A book store. D. A shoe shop.( )8. A. At 11 o’clock. B. At 8 o’clock. C. At 9 o’clock. D. At 10 o’clock.( )9. A. Jack. B. Tom. C. John. D. Mary.( )10.A. 80 dollars. B. 60 dollars. C. 40 dollars. D. 20 dollars( )11. A. Warm. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. D. Rainy.( )12. A. Dangerous. B. Relaxing C. Exciting. D. Dull.( )13. A. Mike is often late. B. Mike is ill again.C. Mike has no idea.D. Mike is angry now.( )14. A. Because she doesn’t know the man.B. Because she doesn’t understand what the man says.C. Because she is not familiar with the place.D. Because she doesn’t want to go there.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是上海尚孔教育培训有限公司否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）( )15. The driver checked the wheels（轮胎）carefully because there was something wrong with them. ( )16. The driver saw a lot of bees（蜜蜂）following the car when he turned his head.( )17. On his way to the village, he learned that a queen bee had hidden in his car.( )18. The man drove as fast as he could in order to get rid of the following bees.( )19. The driver called the police as his car was covered with unwelcome passengers.( )20. The story tells us that a bee-keeper is good at solving difficult problems.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共10分）21. Lots of little boys want to fly airplanes when they ____________.22. Elsworth ______ ______ with toy planes and had pictures of aircrafts on the walls when he was a child.23. Elsworth went to an air school on his ______ ______.24. In Britain, he worked really hard during the training and ______ ______ most of his spare time.25. He’ll have to wait for at least 8 years to become a ______ ______.Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and GrammarII. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26. We express our thought with words. Which of the following is correct for the underlined part in the word?A. / ?: /B. /??/C. /a?/D. /?/27. The wonderful concert didn’t come to ______ end until midnight.A. aB. aC. theD. /28. These days we are doing ______ best to prepare for the final exam to get good marks.A. weB. usC. ourD. ours29. Maggie is doing very well in her new school, so there is ______ to worry about.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing30. Don’t stay inside ______ such a sunny morning. Let’s go for a walk.A. onB. inC. fromD. at31. The students put ______ a short play in English on Christmas Day.A. offB. upC. onD. away32. ______ moving text message Mom received on Thanksgiving Day!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How33. He suffered a lot from his foot problem, ______ nothing could prevent him from finishing the race.A. andB. butC. soD. or34. Alipay（支付宝）has made it ______ for us to do shopping than before.上海尚孔教育培训有限公司A. easyB. easierC. more easilyD. easily35. We wanted the school to look ______, so we painted it a warm red.A. lonelyB. beautifullyC. friendlyD. softly36. Please don’t make so much noise. I ______ hear the speaker very clearly.A. can’tB. needn’tC. shouldn’tD. mustn’t37. –Do you know ______ Jackson lost his job? --I’m not sure about the reason.A. whenB. ifC. whereD. why38. Children, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month.A. will practiceB. practicedC. practicingD. practice39. It’s hard to imagine ______ in a place where there are nocomputers or mobile phones.A. livedB. to liveC. liveD. living40. The price of housing in Shanghai is so high that many people can’t afford ______ a flat.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. buy41. In order to make your DIY work perfect, you should not start ______ you get all the tools ready.A. whenB. afterC. untilD. since42. I hear that you have been to Wuzhen. Did you like it? How long ______ you ______ there?A. do…stayB. have…stayedC. did…stayD. had…stayed43. The comic strips won’t be exciting unless some sound effects ______.A. addB. will addC. will be addedD. are added44. –I’m so nervous. I’m afraid I’ll forget my speech! --______.A. Keep calm.B. No problem.C. That’s all rightD. I agree.45. –Would you please provide us with some information about the accident? -- ______.A. Yes, I’d like to.B. No, thanks.C. Sure.D. It’s very kind of you.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格。

One【2071虹口区】A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small changegood to know that new __41__ is making cash --to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it‘sbanknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) sothere‘s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it‘s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The cardreader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks upthe signal to make the payment.-- an informal name for a credit card -- can __45__money this way or spending on ―plastic‖　put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make__46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police‘s d30. And, if someone doeswork. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is ￡go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ ofchip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at thecashier‘s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there‘s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies.Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says ―this is __51__ for people who don‘t to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to bemaking more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.‖And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter KatereadsRussell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which ―the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.‖ The trick is remembering which finger-fashioned cash might save the day! What doyou __54__ with in the bank -- that‘s when good oldyou __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimKeys:41-55: CABDC BDABD CADBCTwo【20171黄浦区】Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were firstdesigned, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense —those for the military, forexample, were originally __41__ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicateda distinction in __42__—chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chefwore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43__ on their role in mirroring theimage of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in ―customer facing‖From uniforms and workwear has emerged ―__44__ clothing‖. ―The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使),‖ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. ―they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.‖ From being a simple mean of __45__ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketingcommunication.Truly effective marketing through __46__ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however.How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of__47__ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense ofconservatism (守旧), while others a sense of __48__ to new ideas. If the company is sellingquality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If itwants to appear __49__, everybody can‘t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree ofbranding and uniformity is not always __50__. According to Company Clothing magazine, thereare 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51__for 85% of total sales —￡380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to __52__ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniformwill work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53__ if the look doesn‘t express the business‘s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When itcomes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look injust a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54__ their attitudes from then on. Those fewseconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55__ years, and millions ofpounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B. shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investKeys:41-55 ACDCB CBDCA DBABDThree【20171浦东新区】Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful norvery__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain‘sinvasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature‘s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly__53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens(病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a goodidea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden__55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. natureKeys:41—55 ABCDC ABCAB BCACDFour【20171长宁区嘉定区】About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness tracker s became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. marketevidence that their promise isn‘tquite for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there‘spaying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basicfunctions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, wer e going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure outwhetherwearables ____45____people‘s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn‘t ____46____. F study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whetheractivity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just dida weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn‘t. ―We found that just giving people adevicegoing to lead to,‖　says Johngoing to ____47____ something you think it‘sdoesn‘t mean it‘sJakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. ―These activity trackers don‘t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change‖Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlongstudy of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, EricFinkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. ―We didn‘t find that Fitbitsreally have much of an effect,‖ he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. ―There‘s something they‘re not designed to do____51____ among people about their function, a measurement tool and an intervention,‖　Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won‘t teach you how to eat less.people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks,maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,‖ says Finkelste To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into themt of research. Amongthat encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit‘s vice presidenthem: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed todetermine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people‘shealth and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresKeys:41-55 CABCDABDAACDABDFive【20171徐汇区】Two key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent — have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)1880,according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-monthperiod from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, witha(n)(43)temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the latenineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)the smallest respective monthly Arcticsea ice (45)since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____,March, recorded the second smallest for that month.(47)these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)ofheat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)40percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent inSeptember, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4percent per decade."While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)thegaining globaltemperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.(52)El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)the overall warming that has taken place inthat time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)in the Arctic, saidWalt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard."It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."41.A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. remote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. conducted45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. extent46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception47. A. While B. When C. After D. As48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D. applications49. A. includes B. covers C. approaches D. indicates50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. moving51. A. ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resulted from52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. Previous53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. because of54. A. warming B. falling C. gathering D. changing55. A. forecasts B. varieties C. patterns D. illustrationsKEYS:BCABDDACBCSix【20171闵行区】Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most importantrepresentatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the publictends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____.Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the coverbecause they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized theirproducts tounbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others‘　developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they werestarted by first-class starstypically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they‘rewhose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-upshave been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and moreexperienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all theproducts of daily life.However, for every success story, there‘sa related warning tale of a celebrity who____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product‘s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotionalmarketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might bebigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens toreduce a celebrity‘sshelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having alreadyopportunity appears. Still, the ego’ｓachieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the nextfrontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Theirsuccess as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity -has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities i ntroduce their lines of fashion, let‘s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectableKEYS:CABDB ACBAD CADBCSeven【20171奉贤区】MultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But whilea shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be44but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers‘45to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very47experience to what it used to be.。

One【2017届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks?So, it’sSleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magicallyabsorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychologyze five hours of study into one hour aat the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organiday, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can testthemselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn thatmaterial in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in theUS, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favouritehighlighter (荧光笔) andfavourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and insteadof just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’sno harm inindulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eatKatsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet.The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’．For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sittingan exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And indifferent parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritiousmeal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According toexperts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessarypreparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56words)Two【2017届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of peopleacross the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Wouldit seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, anindependent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitledSuper Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s mealsa day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time anemployee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fatand a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlockknew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the firstweek, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringinghis total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ’Next time I’m no “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat din with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating a have a relationship with each other.’” Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’smeals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the filmcan help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)Three【2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities.The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studieshave shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school thanthose with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, andparticipate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affectour health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today,though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usua this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same foodoften produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged tolimit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studiessay eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need tomake many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free’ milk?Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar.Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are oftenmisleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple thingscan result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular againis one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit andvegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit andvegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The foodalso cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:not easy to make healthy ones.Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it’sBecause confusing/contradictory food information and misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices. Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)Four【2017届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be ableto catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.to friends and acquaintances(相识的Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their bandor theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artiststo interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or wherethey live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a footballmatch, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sitesoffer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite eachother to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allowpeople to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunitiesand encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate theorganization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferencesglobally.(54words)Five【2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that peoplelearn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at theUniversity of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than theother. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant theypreferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life.still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked withHowever, it’sJudith, points out, “By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delawarebrains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quicklyfound that babies’　come to prefer these faces, Schein says.-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella.It’s wellShe is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “Perhaps average famore attractive because they seem more familiar.”Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of youngadults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa.Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture andstandards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. Oneimage was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average—that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza andBritish faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.“The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what anaverage European face looks like,” Apicella concludes. “If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?”e Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. “preference for average itself is biologically based,” Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies’ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an earlyage. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people.Meanwhile, people’s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certainfaces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)Six【2017届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a fewhours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though,loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness,namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more thantwo years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a pe rson’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems. Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)Seven【2017届上海市奉贤区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can movetheir bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin, and when we listen to music, our brains (内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillersrespond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’ｓwomb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words) Eight【2017届上海市静安区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict betweenairlines’ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight wasdisrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting increw seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy twoseats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which hasdiscriminatory (歧视的), become known as a “fat tax”). At first glance, the fat tax issue soundsbut some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with thecondition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese peopleshould be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air CarrierAccess Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,”　she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue inruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’　passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat. Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can’t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines’ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers t o pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)Nine【2017届上海市崇明区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, oursaid James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and fate is in our genes,”　co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizingthe treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)Ten【2017届上海市普陀区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, andthe conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in findingpeople who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, fromsuggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduatesinto teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why peopledon’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachersLondon: “I think parents are toas in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant fromblame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children tohave more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons arelow salary and kid’s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline themat home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching’s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers dueto the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parentsshould be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improveteachers’ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)Eleven【2017届上海市金山区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.painful? This might be called Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’slaziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energycycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is atits peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in theafternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiarmonologues (自言自语) as: “Get u p, John! You’ll b e late for work again!”　The possibleexplanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Muchfamily quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, andwhich cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habitcan help, Dr. Kleitman belie ves. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up lateanyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you wantto. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, riseyou’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) andbefore your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, butwork better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Siton the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesomesearch for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine workin the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.。

One【2071虹口区】A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it ‘gso od to know that new __41__ is making cash -banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions （交易） so there ‘s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it ‘s __43__ to make contactlesspayments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on ―-p- l a snt iicnform‖a l name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud （诈骗）. Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police ‘s d work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is 30. And, if someone do￡esgo on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ ofchip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier ‘s in shops and has led to a（n） __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there ‘s now a __50__ usingwearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier , economist and technology expert, says ―this is __51__ for people who don ‘t to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods . ‖And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay （指纹支付） system which rea―ds the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger. ‖ The trick is remembering which fingeryou __54__ with in the bank -- that ‘s when good o-fladshioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D.analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B.possibleC.formalD.legal上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out 45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D.Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles 47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However 48. A.introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension 49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase 50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intendedD. chosen 52. A.particularly B. specially C. simply D.purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D.inconvenient 54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted 55. A. attempt B. demandC. preferD. aimKeys:41-55: CABDC BDABD CADBCTraditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example, were originally __41__ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in__42__ — chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43__ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in ― customerfacing ‖From uniforms and workwear has emerged― __44__ clothing ‖ . ― The people you employ are yourambassadors （大使 ）, ‖ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK.―they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance. ‖ From being a simplemeanof __45__ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketingcommunication.Truly effective marketing through __46__ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of__47__ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism （守旧）, while others a sense of __48__ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear __49__, everybody can ‘ t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always __50__. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51__ for 85% of total sales —￡380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to __52__ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniformwill work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53__ if the look doesn ‘ texpress the business ‘ s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When itcomes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54__ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55__ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. statusD. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifyingD. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D.accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B. shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investKeys:41-55 ACDCB CBDCA DBABDEverybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species —defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ —runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads （蔗蟾蜍）and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial （无争议的） are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort —for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain ‘invsa siveplants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a（n） __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity （多样性） in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature ‘ s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing （杂交）. Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a（n） __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly__53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens （病菌）, especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a goodidea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden 55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested 42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize 43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable 44. A. As a resultB. For exampleC. By contrastD. In fact 45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute 46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets 47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved 48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing 49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted 50. A.civilization B. interference C. interaction D.maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical 52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced 53. A. damagingB. flexibleC. doubtfulD.outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down 55. A. agricultureB. vegetationC. atmosphereD. natureFour 【20171 长宁区嘉定区】About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness tracker s became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里 )- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- _____ 41 ___ more. But even as the U.S. marketfor ___42 __ devices hits $7 billion this year, there ‘evsi dence that their promise isn ‘qut ite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43 __ . That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, wer e going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure outwhetherwearables _____ 45Keys:41— 55 ABCDC ABCAB BCACDpeople ‘s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn ‘t ___ 46___ . Fstudy in the Journal of the American Medical Association , researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention （干预） alone. They didn ‘t. ―We found that just giving pedoepvliec eadoesn ‘mt ean it ‘gso ing to _ 47 something you think it ‘gso ing to lead to, ‖sa ys John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. ― These activity trackers don ‘tengage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long- term change ‖Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user 49___. By the end of a__________________________________________________yearlongstudy of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. ―We didn ‘t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect, ‖ he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to dosomething they ‘re not designed -t-o _d_o__50 , force them to change their behavior. _________________ ― There ‘s___ 51 ___ among people about their func tion, a measurement tool and an intervention, ‖ Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, _________ 52 ___ , but won ‘t teach you how to eat less.people put these devices on, they might interact with the app （应用程序） for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off, ‖ says FinkelsteTo be __ 53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into themthat encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit t of ‘re s e vaircceh p. rAemsiodnegn them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to 54 users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ___ 55 ________________ -- or others like them-- measurably improve people ‘shealth and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourageD. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresKeys:41-55 CABCDABDAACDABD Five【20171 徐汇区】Two key climate change indicators —global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)1880,according to scientistsat NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from Januaryto June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n)(43)temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the latenineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)the smallest respective monthly Arcticsea ice (45)since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46) ___ ,March,recorded the second smallest for that month.(47) these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)ofheat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)40percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent inSeptember, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4percent per decade.Celebrities,in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important "While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)thegaining globaltemperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.(52)El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)the overall warming that has taken place inthat time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)in the Arctic, saidWalt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard."It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."41. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. r emote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of 43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary 44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. c onducted 45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. e xtent 46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception47. A. WhileB. WhenC. AfterD. A s 48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D.applications 49. A. includesB. coversC. approachesD. i ndicates50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. m oving51. A.ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resultedfrom52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. P revious 53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. b ecause of 54.A. warmingB. fallingC. gatheringD. changing55. A.forecasts B. varietiesC. patternsD. illustration sKEYS: BCABDDACBCrepresentatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific 41 .Besides, fashion magazines have almost _____ 42 the practice of putting models on the coverbecause they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. 43 , celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, mov ing from advertising for others ‘pr oducts to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ___________ 44 ___ consumers, while today they ‘ rseta rted by first -class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top __ 45 . The most successful start-upshave been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale 46 , covering almost all theproducts of daily life.However, for every success story, there ‘as related warning tale of a celebrity who47 his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product ‘s origin is, if it 48 to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, 49returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe 50 ___ . The pop-cultural circle might bebigger than ever, but its rate of turnover （逆转） has 51 as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity s‘heslf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him 52 has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego '（s自我的） potential for ______________ 53 ____ is limitless. Having alreadyachieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____ 54 as the nextfrontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been _ 55 ____ . So the next time celebrities i ntroduce their lines of fashion, let ‘s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On thecontrary上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary 45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers 46. A. rapidly B. moderately C.reluctantly D. carefully 47. A. ignored B. disapproved C.overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. managesD. strengthens 49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D.disappointment 50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D.embarrassment 51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speededupD. faded away 52. A. fame B. fortune C. troubleD. risk 53. A. information B. knowledge C.reputation D. expansion 54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance 55. A. admirable B. productiveC. temporaryD. respectableKEYS:CABDB ACBAD CADBCMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be44but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers45to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48 __ for brand name shopping was on a few people with salesassistants ‘ ___ 49___ attitude and -dt o unch-what-‘yotu- can ‘-atfford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52 . And scent is just one wayto_53 ___ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54 ___ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. Adepartment store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55 ____ their perfect scent.KEYS:CBABC DAADB ACBDCEight 【20171 静安区】The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society subsistence‘ (s存p在rim) arystrategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social __42__: (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__. For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin ( 亲戚). Americanfamilies also __47__ according to social class. A couple ‘sos cial class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family becauseof illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergoand the way parents raise their children.__49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regardto B. in terms of C. in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangementsD. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B.work pressure C. economicstatus D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worryingabout D. getting rid of 55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalKeys:41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCACDirections MatterJet lag （时差感） may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41 , but scientists recently developed a new modelthat provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells （神经振子细胞） 42 crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 our biological clocks. However, the cells don ‘qt uite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44 that lastsslightlylonger than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co- author of the study, that means it 45 fo‘r uss to extend the length of a day —for example, by flying west across time zones —than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46 travel, a person who crossed three time zones wouldfully 47 in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about sixdays. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn ‘ mt atch up as48 . When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49 to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours.50 , it variesfrom person to person. The other factor to consider is 51 cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52 how quickly he or she上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figureout the best ways to 53 jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 the new time zone. That means that if it ‘ s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if itavoid artificial 55 , including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biologicalclock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear。

1---虹口区Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in a competitioncalled the Cube Quest Challenge. It is a program ofNASA, the American space agency. The Cornell team iscalled the CisLunar Explorers. The word cislunar means“between the earth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASA off icials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys: 63-66: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the c ountry by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat arebooming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights the mselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet an other byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on be half of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of C ervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijan o’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeKeys:63—66 DBACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a fri end’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parent s play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled theircommitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’ first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Keys:62-66 CCBABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C）Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created bigproblems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65.What is the author most concerned about?A.The expanding of the gambling industry.B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream" means _________ .A. wonderful ideaB. creative ideaC. unworkable planD. practical planKEYS: 63-66 BBCCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. O ne might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights ofauthors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.KEYS: 63-66 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55 The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.“The primary focus of what we wan t.to do is to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment ;and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life,,9 Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help。

One【2017届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks?So, it’sSleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magicallyabsorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychologyze five hours of study into one hour aat the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organiday, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can testthemselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn thatmaterial in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in theUS, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favouritehighlighter (荧光笔) andfavourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and insteadof just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’sno harm inindulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eatKatsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet.The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’．For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sittingan exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And indifferent parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritiousmeal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According toexperts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessarypreparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56words)Two【2017届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of peopleacross the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Wouldit seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, anindependent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitledSuper Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s mealsa day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time anemployee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fatand a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlockknew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the firstweek, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringinghis total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ’Next time I’m no “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat din with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating a have a relationship with each other.’” Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’smeals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the filmcan help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)Three【2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities.The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studieshave shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school thanthose with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, andparticipate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affectour health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today,though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usua this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same foodoften produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged tolimit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studiessay eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need tomake many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free’ milk?Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar.Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are oftenmisleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple thingscan result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular againis one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit andvegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit andvegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The foodalso cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:not easy to make healthy ones.Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it’sBecause confusing/contradictory food information and misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices. Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)Four【2017届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be ableto catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.to friends and acquaintances(相识的Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their bandor theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artiststo interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or wherethey live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a footballmatch, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sitesoffer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite eachother to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allowpeople to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunitiesand encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate theorganization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferencesglobally.(54words)Five【2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that peoplelearn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at theUniversity of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than theother. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant theypreferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life.still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked withHowever, it’sJudith, points out, “By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delawarebrains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quicklyfound that babies’　come to prefer these faces, Schein says.-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella.It’s wellShe is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “Perhaps average famore attractive because they seem more familiar.”Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of youngadults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa.Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture andstandards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. Oneimage was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average—that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza andBritish faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.“The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what anaverage European face looks like,” Apicella concludes. “If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?”e Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. “preference for average itself is biologically based,” Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies’ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an earlyage. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people.Meanwhile, people’s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certainfaces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)Six【2017届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a fewhours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though,loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness,namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more thantwo years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a pe rson’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems. Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)Seven【2017届上海市奉贤区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can movetheir bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin, and when we listen to music, our brains (内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillersrespond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’ｓwomb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words) Eight【2017届上海市静安区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict betweenairlines’ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight wasdisrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting increw seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy twoseats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which hasdiscriminatory (歧视的), become known as a “fat tax”). At first glance, the fat tax issue soundsbut some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with thecondition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese peopleshould be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air CarrierAccess Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,”　she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue inruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’　passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat. Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can’t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines’ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers t o pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)Nine【2017届上海市崇明区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, oursaid James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and fate is in our genes,”　co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizingthe treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)Ten【2017届上海市普陀区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, andthe conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in findingpeople who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, fromsuggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduatesinto teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why peopledon’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachersLondon: “I think parents are toas in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant fromblame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children tohave more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons arelow salary and kid’s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline themat home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching’s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers dueto the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parentsshould be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improveteachers’ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)Eleven【2017届上海市金山区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.painful? This might be called Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’slaziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energycycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is atits peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in theafternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiarmonologues (自言自语) as: “Get u p, John! You’ll b e late for work again!”　The possibleexplanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Muchfamily quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, andwhich cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habitcan help, Dr. Kleitman belie ves. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up lateanyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you wantto. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, riseyou’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) andbefore your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, butwork better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Siton the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesomesearch for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine workin the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.。

2021 虹口区高三一模英语试卷〔考试时间120 分钟，总分值140 分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上〕I.Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. At a book fair. D. At an art center.2.A. Relieved. B. Delighted. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful.3.A. She has made her vacation plans. B. She has wasted piles of paper.C. She will continue her work on nature.D. She has too much work to do.4.A. She is doing charity work on the clothes.B.C.She is looking forward to attending the party.D.She is busy preparing for the fashion show.5.A. The gallery is a good place for the exhibition.B.Preparing for the exhibition won’t be easy.C.The woman isn’t telling the truth about the offer.D.The woman is making a deadly decision.6.A. He got a ticket to the workshop.B.He didn’t work very carefully.C.He used to drive carelessly.D.He was fined someday last week.7.A. They share the same opinion on the candidate.B.They are both elected president of the Student Union.C.They are reading the same page of the most recent issue.D.They were mad at the candidate for the president of the Student Union.8.A. He missed the beginning of the documentary.B.He fell asleep before the documentary ended.C.He enjoyed the end of the documentary.D.He didn’t see the documentary at all.9.A. Continue with the work. B. Call someone for help.C.Stop working today.D. Get it done next week.10.A. Dr. Smith didn’t put the man on his schedule.B.Dr. Smith is very busy on Mondays.C.Dr. Smith usually sees patients at once.D.Dr. Smith is hard to see.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. How to eat chocolate without gaining weight.B.The harmful effects of eating milk chocolate.C.The effects of eating chocolate on emotions.D.The health benefits of eating chocolate.12.A. Eating a small amount of chocolate led to positive emotions.B.Higher blood pressure resulted from having no chocolate at all.C.A balanced diet, exercise and chocolate could lead to a healthier life.k chocolate is absolutely not good for people at all.13.A. People who plan to change their diet. B. People who exercise less often.C. People who eat chocolate regularly.D. People who want to lose weight.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. The popularity of travel guidebooks.B.The decline of travel guidebooks.C.The close connection between guidebooks and travelers.D.Travel guidebooks’ ability to make money.15.A. Social networks. B. Travel guidebooks.C. Clerks from travel business.D. Hotel reception.16.A. Its high price. B. Its lack of cultivation of individuality.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. How Indian food is made.B.Why English foods are often tasteless.C.Why foods in some countries are spicy.D.How spicy food was introduced into England.18.A. The food in cold regions is usually tasty.B.The climate has little effect on the local food.C.India and England have quite similar climates.D.Spicy food causes people to sweat, cooling them off.19.A. Because they cover the bad smells of food.B.Because they give the food a unique flavor.C.Because they slow down the growth of bacteria.20.A. The mention of garlic and onion makes the woman hungry.B.The unique flavor of the plants has contributed to their survival.C.The plants and bacteria can live in harmony to some extent.D.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Rise of Robot-ChefsCREATOR is a new hamburger joint in San Francisco. It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 -- in other words, (21) (provide) the quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters behind this claim is that its chef is a robot.Creator’s burger robot is a trolley-sized unit that has a footprint of two square metres. Customers send it their orders via a tablet. They are able to cook everything from (22) well-done the burger will be to the type of cheese and toppings they want.The process sounds rather simple now. But, in fact, the machine took eight years to perfect after it (23) (create). As far back as 2021, a mere two years into the project, it was described as “95% reliable〞, but that is not enough for a busy kitchen. Chopping tomatoes was a particularly tough challenge, but even details like the very tool (24) packs the burger into a bag without squeezing it were tricky for the machine to master. Only now, with a machine to make reliably 120 burgers an hour, (25) Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a mixture of technologists and caterers, feel confident enough to open their first restaurant.Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (26) (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. (27) that, this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way the fast food industry employs people. That does not necessarily mean (28) (employ) fewer staff. Rather, more of them will be in roles where they can directly help customers. “Creator’s goal is not to be the most automated and (29) (human-centered) restaurant, but actually not,〞 said Vardakostas.It is too early to say whether this first wave of robot chefs will develop well in such a demanding environment as the kitchen. (30) it does, it’s certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery. Cooking could be something people choose to do simply for the sheer pleasure of it.21. 考查简单句句子结构，in other words 用于对前面相关信息做解释说明。

虹口区2018学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2018.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷<第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷<第10页），全卷共10页。

第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II 卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第 I 卷 (共103分>I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective.D. Reporter.2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.C. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talking to.3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny. D. Dull.4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visita lawyer.5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.C. She is un able to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.C. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.C. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.C. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woma n his computer.C. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.C. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.C. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.C. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal.D. Random.16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of each question.C. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerized test.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A>To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject 26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 28 (deliver> to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually 30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 31 (be> definite and not too broad. zhucanqi(B>DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers when they stopped 32 (break> their journey.It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think> about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded 35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research 37 (do> in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad> man-made disasters happened in the last few hoursb e f o r e d a wn,w h e n e v e n t h e m os t ex p e r i enc ed ni gh t-wor ke r ha s d i ff i cu l t y40 (stay> awake.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Thereis atendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music and painting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsk y try to 46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.The exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48 as symbols rather than representations of the paintings in the exhibition. Between each is a promenade <舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. The music is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising 49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is 51 .Teaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parents follow a strict timetable and 53 a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom and discipline.Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a 55 effect on the child’s st udies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less 62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are they too 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 .51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. rising52. A. vary B. last C. existD. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promoteD. neglect54. A. instructions B. path C. techniqueD. standard55. A. positive B.practical C. negativeD. remarkable56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologically57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasonsD. pressures58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the wayD. In addition59. A. encourage B. interrupt C. contact D. monitor60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectationD. debate61. A. assessed B. chosen C. comparedD. classified62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C. skilled at D. sure of63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected withD. worried about64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaitingD. losing65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sidedD. practicalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A>“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.When it comes to l iving in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators (掠食者>, always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养> compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eaten.B. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B>U.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage>20406080100White Black Asian SpanishA. Its number is 10865 305305.B. It gets the owner a discount when used. Friends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0 0 1 3 6 7 8 9Valid until 23 May 2018Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.C. It is valid through the year of 2018.D. It belongs to Mr.E. M. Driscoll.71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at 12:00, the latest train that he should takeat Oxford leaves at ________.A. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what may be your choice?A. French Slam?.B. Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. The Super Bird?.73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2018, ________.A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptop rose 60 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a laptop remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showed the sharpest increase(C>Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线> of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维> than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and w omen on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合> with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain: nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.C. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.D. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by________ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habits77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between the sexes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量> has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality<好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless t o say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.>78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?第II卷 <共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。