基于聚膦腈的杂原子掺杂介孔碳纳米管制备及其用作超级电容器电极
材料应用研究
陈奎永1，黄小彬2*，刘洪2，唐小真3
1
上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院，上海市闵行区东川路800号，200240
2
上海交通大学航空与航天学院，上海市闵行区东川路800号，2002400
3
上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室，上海市闵行区东川路800号，2002400
*Email:xbhuang@sjtu.edu.cn
通过在惰性气氛下碳化交联聚膦腈纳米管，制备了杂原子掺杂的介孔碳纳米管(HMCNTs)。控制碳化温
度在700℃~1000℃，所得碳材料能保持良好的管型形貌。所制备碳纳米管具有较高的BET比表面积~791.5
m
2/g，孔隙率0.573 cm3
/g，以及均一的介孔结构，孔径约为4 nm。碳化之后，交联聚膦腈纳米管中包含的
N, P, O, S等杂原子仍被保留且掺杂在碳纳米管的分子结构中。电化学测试表明，所得碳纳米管具有良好的
超级电容性能。恒电流充放电表明，在充放电电流密度为0.1 A/g 的情况下，900℃碳化所得材料在6 mol/L
氢氧化钾/水电解液中的比容量约为188.9 F/g，当电流密度提高至5 A/g，起比容量仍可保持
70.6
%。该杂原
子掺杂介孔碳纳米管具有较高的比电容以及较好的高速充放电性。这主要得益于材料的管型形貌以及管壁
上的介孔结构有助于电解液离子的扩散。
Fig. 1 (a) SEM image of HMCNTs, (b) Charge/discharge curves of HMCNTs at current densities of 0.1A/g.
关键词：超级电容器；杂原子；介孔；碳纳米管；聚膦腈
参考文献
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Facile synthesis of heteroatoms doped carbon nanotubes with uniform
mesopores for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Kuiyong Chen1, Xiaobin Huang 2*, Hong Liu2, Xiaozhen Tang3
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan
Road, Shanghai, 200240
2
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road,
Shanghai, 200240
3
National Key Laboratory of Metallic Matrix Composite Material, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240
Heteroatoms doped mesoporous carbon nanotubes were produced via a facile carbonization of highly cross-linked
polymeric nanotubes under inert atmospheres. One-dimensional structures were well maintained at the calcination
temperatures in the range of 700 °C to 1000 °C. The obtained carbon nanotubes possess large
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area up to 791.5 m2/g, high pore volumes of 0.573 cm3/g, and uniform
pore size of about 4 nm. Electrochemical tests manifested good supercapacitor performance of the carbon
nanotubes. Galvanostatic charge/discharge test demonstrated that, the nanotubes carbonized at 900 °C exhibit a
reversible specific capacitance about 188.9 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g in 6 M aqueous KOH electrolyte. The
carbon nanotubes show high specific capacitance, and rate performance, which would be benefit from their tubular
morphology and mesoporous wall structure, thus facilitate the transition of electrolyte ions.
