Public Speaking- speeches

Public Speaking

Overview: Parts of a speech: three parts

I. Introduction: Gains audience attention, orients the listeners to your

topic and prepares them for the speech.

II. Body: 75% of a speech. Usually from three to five main points.

Each point is stated and supported by subordinate points.

III. Conclusion: Reviews your main points.

Delivery: Effective delivery of a speech is when the speaker knows the

material well, maintains eye contact with the audience, uses a variety of

vocal changes and appears to move naturally.

Types of speeches:

I. Informative- explains, instructs, defines, clarifies, teaches, or

demonstrates.

II. Persuasive- influences, convinces, motivate, sell, preach, or

stimulate.

III. Evocative- Entertains, inspires, or helps.

IV. Impromptu- is spur of the moment, with little preparation time. To

do this successfully, try to think of two or three main points while

you walk to the front of the room.

V. Storytelling- enhances one’s cultural identity by building common

understanding of traditions, morals values, goals, and desires.

Informative Organizational Plans

In a Topic Order speech each main point develops a different part of the

Central Idea.

Central Idea: Ben Franklin was not only a notable colonial statesman, but

he also achieved fame as an inventor and writer.

Main Points (Topic Order)

1. Ben Franklin was a notable statesman.

2. Ben Franklin was a prolific inventor.

3. Ben Franklin was a popular writer.

Chronological speeches follow a time pattern or list steps of a process in

order. An easy way to distinguish between a topic order speech and a

chronological speech is to test whether the main points can be delivered in

any order or if they must follow a particular sequence. Chronological

speeches would not make sense if the order of the main points was

scrambled.

Central Idea: Pablo Picasso's artistic career progressed through four

distinct periods.

Main Points (Chronological Order)

1. Picasso's Blue Period reflected the artist's depression and isolation

from 1900-1904.

2. Picasso's Rose Period, 1904-1905, was a gay life affirming period full

of acrobats, jesters and incidents of circus life.

3. In 1906 Picasso turned to brown and began to work in sculpture.

4. Picasso's ultimate break with tradition began in 1907 as he produced

"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon", the first example of analytical Cubism.

Speech Topics

Select and analyze your speech purpose and topic.

Research Your Topic

Remember to write down your source.

Speech Organization

Introduction (five steps)

1. Attention-getter: The very first statement.

a. Rhetorical Question

b. Story

c. Startling statement

d. Startling statistic

e. Humor: Make sure it is connected to your topic.

f. Famous quote

2. Significance: Give the audience a reason to listen to your speech.

3. Credibility: Why are you qualified to give the speech?

4. Thesis Statement- one clear statement which declares the purpose

of your speech.

5. Preview: Can be combined with the thesis statement.

Eye contact is very important in the introduction. Have it memorized!

Common transition phrases include: in addition to, furthermore, even

more, next, after that, then, as a result, beyond that, in contrast:,

however, on the other hand. Also first, second, third, next finally.

Another example is: Another fact that supports my main point

is . . . ."

The main body

The main points and their sub-points.

Types of supporting material

Conclusions: Ending your speech.

Review

Final Statement

The conclusion of a persuasive speech has a call to action!

Vocal Delivery Skills

Volume, rate, rhythm, pauses, word emphases

The dynamic speaker uses a variety of volume, rate, pitch and rhythm.

Use pauses and emphasis to make key words stand out.

Physical Delivery

Natural gestures

Facial expressions- use appropriate ones which agree with the

message.

Presentation Aids

Used to help the speaker clarify, enhance or impact their

audience but should not be the focus of the presentation.

Computer generated images (PowerPoint)

Audio clips

Video clips

Physical objects (books, pictures, models, etc.)

Helping your audience listen

Language should be specific, clear and economical.

Rely on shorter, simpler sentence structures

Don't get too complicated when you're asking an audience to remember

everything you say. Avoid using too many subordinate clauses, and place

subjects and verbs close together.

Too complicated:

The product, which was invented in 1908 by Orville Z. McGillicuddy in Des

Moines, Iowa, and which was on store shelves approximately one year later,