１．介绍
基流是降雨中慢慢反应的径流部分，通常与由的地下水贮藏和排泄有关。了解径流的产生过程对预测水量是很重要的。可是这些进程仍然是难以量化和概念化（Gonzales， 2009）从径流中进行基流分割一直以来是水文学中感兴趣的话题。（see, Hall, 1968; Birtles, 1978; Tallaksen, 1995;Chapman, 1999;
Arnold and Allen, 1999; Piggot et al., 2005; Eckhardt, 2008; Gonzales, 2009）由于基流衰退曲线本身包含了含水层特性的有价值信息，了解地下水流出的大小和动力是评定水质，水的补给分配和低流量的条件。它同样可以用来校正和证实水文模型（Eckhardt, 2005）.可是没有直接的方法连续不断地测量整个流域或过程影响基流，例如：地表径流、蒸发蒸腾，交流和地下水补给（Furey and Gupta,
2001）因此，许多方法已被开发来估算或者从径流分离基流的持续时间（例如e.g., see Birtles, 1978; Rutledge, 1998; Wittenberg,1999; Chapman, 1999; Arnold and
Allen, 1999;Piggot et al., 2005; Eckhardt, 2005）
基流分割技术使用水流的时间序列记录到导出基流标识，常见的分离方法是趋向于集中在限定某点的图形，该点的基流在相交的上升和下降快速潮流响应的肢点，或包含滤波，其中整个溪流过程线的数据处理导出一个基流过程线。该基流衰退将凹槽（曲线e-c），并重新加入总水文为地表径流停止，其中最有可能呈指数衰减函数。Kulandaiswamy和Seetharaman（1969）表明点d是经常假设发生在水文最高点以下和点e表其中地下水衰退曲线与水文拐点的定时一致。直到现在，技术作为识别基流高峰时间和地表径流结束是完全根据经验和判断。正如Tallaksen(1995），若干基流分离技术和缺乏用于选择适当的技术科学依据的存在，证明了实质的主观性，通常涉及基流分析和基流过程尚未完全了解。
eo
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ChineseEnglish内部集输及配套工程gathering & transmission and auxiliary works天然气处理厂及配套工程natural gas processing plant and auxiliaryworks公用工程 utilities丙烯腈acrylonitrile碱alkali合金钢管alloy-steel tube氨；氨水ammonia仪器设备apparatus区域项目工程师area project engineer芳烃aromatics常压瓦斯油atmospheric gas oil常压渣油atmospheric residue常压渣油加氢脱硫atmospheric residue desulfurization奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe界区battery limit副产品by-product钙calcium碳carbon碳钢carbon steel碳钢管carbon steel tube铸铁管cast-iron pipe烧碱；苛性钠caustic soda中心线center line化学试剂chemical agent氯碱chlor-alkali氯；氯气chlorine焦炭coke焦化瓦斯油coker gas oil可燃气combustible, flammable gas原油crude, crude oil除盐水/软化水demineralized water/softened water设计压力design pressure设计规范design regulation设计温度design temperature详细设计detail design详细设计阶段detail design phase柴油diesel干气dry gas元素element合同敲定CONTRACT FINALISATION面漆finish paint/top coat烟气flue gas镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe气体gas天然气外输gas export汽油gasoline内部集输及配套工程gathering& transmission and auxiliary works总图general plot润滑脂，润滑油，黄油grease毛重，净重gross weight保证完成日期guaranteed completion date门卫/通行检查站guard胶质gum重催化循环油heavy catalytic cycles oil重焦化瓦斯油heavy coker gas oil焦化蜡油heavy coking gas oil减压重瓦斯油heavy vacuum gas oil高密度聚乙烯high density polyethylene高硫燃料油high sulfur fuel oil高支链烷烃highly branched paraffins氢；氢气hydrogen硫化氢hydrogen sulfide惰性气体inert gas界区内inside battery limits中间漆intermediate paint铁iron异己烷isohexane异戊烷isopentane用于正式批准issued for approval用于招标issued for bid用于施工issued for construction用于设计issued for design航煤jet fuel煤油kerosene开工会议kick-off meeting贫气lean gas轻焦化瓦斯油light coker gas oil液态烃liquefied petroleum gas (lpg)液体liquid低压蒸汽low pressure steam低硫low sulfur低硫柴油low sulfur diesel低硫燃料油low sulfur fuel oil润滑油lube oil；lubricating oil；lubricant oil中压蒸汽medium pressure steam甲烷methane甲基叔丁基醚methyl tertiery butyl ether (mtbe)石脑油naphtha环烷烃naphthene天然气处理厂natural gas processing plant中和neutralization氮化物nitride氮；氮气nitrogen丁醇normal butanol辛烷octane烯烃olefin氧气oxygen石蜡paraffin wax烷烃paraffin；alkane对二甲苯paraxylene戊烷pentane工业风plant air全厂工艺及热力系统管道plant process and thermodynamic pipelinenetwork聚丙烯polypropylene底漆primer工艺设计process design成品(产品)product(final product)环氧丙烷propylene oxide净化水purified water急冷油quench oil报价quotation突面raised face原料raw-material反应reaction渣油residue富气rich gas饱和蒸汽saturated steam；saturate steam型材section bar油浆slurry软化水softening water溶解solution酸性气sour gas蒸汽steam蒸汽凝结水steam condensate苯乙烯styrene monomer硫\硫磺sulfur污油slop; sump oil悬浮suspension合成synthetics罐区tank farm抗拉强度tensile strength会签the squad check.countersign接头tie-in槽盒tray减压瓦斯油vacuum gas oil减粘裂化气油viscosity breaking gas oil壁厚wall thickness溢流堰weir湿气wet gas工作压力working pressure辛醇octanol循环水cycle water调节modulate冷却水cooling water传热介质 heat transfer media载热体（热媒） heating medium冷却介质（冷媒）cooling medium盐水brine催化剂catalyst聚合引发剂polymerization initiator促聚剂polymerization promoter活化剂activator聚合调整剂polymerization modifier阻聚剂polymerization inhibitor防腐剂corrosion inhibitor抑制剂inhibitor稳定剂stabilizer单体monomer聚合物polyer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer母料master batch溶液solution乳浊液emulsion悬浊液suspension胶乳latex淤浆slurry母液mother liquor石脑油naphtha重油heavy oil芳香烃btxP-P馏分p-p fractionC3馏分c3 fractionB-B馏分b-b fraction常压残渣atomospheric residue久沸残渣long residuum减压残渣vacuum residue蒸馏残渣short residuum轻馏分light-end重尾馏分heavy end溶剂solvent贫溶剂lean solvent富溶剂rich solvent萃取extract提余液raffinate重整产品reformate液化天然气lng (liquefied natural gas)液化石油气lpg (liquefied petroleum gas)干气dry gas酸性气 sour gas无硫气 sweet gas氮氧化物 nox硫氧化物 sox合成气 synthesis gas转换气 converted gas分子筛molecular sieve活性铝（氧化铝）(1) activated alumina蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat潜热latent heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravityAPI重度api gravity粘度viscosity动力粘度kinetic viscosity粘度指数viscosity index比粘度specific viscosity倾点pour point云点cloud point凝固点freezing point融点melting point浓度concentration闪点flash point引火点ignition point热值heating value辛烷值(1) octane number碘值(1) iodine number溴值bromine number焦碳残渣carbon residue铜板腐蚀试验copper corrosion test蒸馏曲线distillation curve钢steel特殊钢special steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel不锈钢stainless steel马氏体钢martensitic steel奥氏体钢austenitic steel耐热钢heat-resisting steel高强度钢high tensile steel高韧性钢tough and hard steel表面渗碳钢case hardening steel铸钢cast iron特殊铸钢special cast steel铁iron铸铁cast iron特殊铸铁special cast steel合金铸铁alloy cast iron高级铸铁high grade cast iron球墨铸铁spherodial graphite iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron铜copper青铜bronze特殊青铜special bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze硅青铜silicon bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze黄铜brass铝黄铜aluminum bronze镀锡黄铜tinned brass白铜copper nickle镍铜合金nickle copper alloy蒙乃尔合金monel metal铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy钨铬钻合金stellite铬化硼系化合物colmonoy耐磨金属anti-friction metal轴承合金bearing metal巴氏合金babbit metal白色金属white metal油膜轴承合金kelmet钎料solder银钎料silver solder复合钢clad steel衬里lining镀层coating涂复层overlay镀面surfacing均质衬里homogen lining
