高考阅读理解试题中的逻辑思维训练

1 高考阅读理解试题中的逻辑思维训练 第一部分 概括思维训练 Passage 1: Do you always understand the direction on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. “To reduce pain, take two tablets (药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablet twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量) . For children six years old, ask your doctor’s advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.”

练习： This text is most probably taken from a __________ . A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctor’s notebook D. bottle of medicine

Passage2： The soybean( 大豆 ) is one of the world useful crops. It is already used in many different foods and in many industrial products. And scientists continue to find more uses for it. American farmers grow about one thousand nine hundred million bushels ( 容量单位 ) of soybean each year. They earn eleven thousand million dollars for their crops. In the United States, about twenty three million tons of soybean were fed to farm animals last year. More than five hundred sixty-five million bushels were exported. Soybeans are also used in different kinds of food eaten by humans. Soybean oil is used to make cooking oil. It is the main substance (物质) used in salad oil. The soybean is used to make some baby foods, some meats, a kind of ice-cream, and beer. Six years ago, American scientists developed a new kind of ink for use in printing newspapers. Traditional newspaper ink is made from petroleum(原油) oil. The traditional ink easily rubs off onto your hands and clothes. The new ink contained thirty percent soybean oil, and it did not rub off easily. But, it cost seventy percent more than the old ink. So, few painters used it Scientists now have developed another newspaper ink. This new ink contains only soybean oil and color dyes. It costs less than ink made from petroleum and the ink made from a petroleum and soybean mixture. A government agriculture scientist said he believes the printing industry will use about one hundred million bushels of soybeans each year to make the new ink. 2

Another team of government scientist is experimenting with another use for soybeans. The soybean food would be less costly than the food that farmers now feed to fish.

练习： The best title for this passage is ________ . A. Soybean and Our Life B. Soybeans C. Soybean and Newspaper Ink D. The Use of Soybean

Passage 3: （2010年浙江卷 C篇） The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶脑皮层). Brian scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.