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ceramic against AISI 52100 steel

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Wear266(2009)960–967ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectWear

journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/wear

Tribologicalpropertiesof␥-Y2Si2O7ceramicagainstAISI52100steelandSi3N4ceramiccounterparts

ZiqiSuna,b,LingWua,b,MeishuanLia,YanchunZhoua,∗aShenyangNationalLaboratoryforMaterialsScience,InstituteofMetalResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,72WenhuaRoad,Shenyang110016,China

bGraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China

articleinfoArticlehistory:Received14October2007Receivedinrevisedform21November2008Accepted18December2008Availableonline25December2008Keywords:Y2Si2O7FrictionandwearWearmechanismWeardebrisabstractReciprocatingball-on-flatdryslidingfrictionandwearexperimentshavebeenconductedonsingle-phase␥-Y2Si2O7ceramicflatsincontactwithAISI52100bearingsteelandSi3N4ceramicballsat5–15Nnormalloadsinanambientenvironment.Thekineticfrictioncoefficientsof␥-Y2Si2O7variedinthe

rangeover0.53–0.63againstAISI52100steelandbetween0.51–0.56againstSi3N4ceramic.Wefoundthatwearoccurredpredominantlyduringtherunning-inperiodanditalmostceasedatthesteadyfrictionstage.Thewearratesof␥-Y2Si2O7wereintheorderof10−4mm3/(Nm).Besides,weardebrisstrongly

influencedthefrictionandwearprocesses.Thestrongchemicalaffinitybetween␥-Y2Si2O7andAISI

52100ballsledtoathicktransferlayerformedonbothcontactsurfacesoftheflatandcounterpartball,whichchangedthedirectslidingbetweentheballandtheflatintoashearingwithinthetransferlayer.Forthe␥-Y2Si2O7/Si3N4pair,athinsilicahydratelubricanttribofilmpresentedabovethecompresseddebris

entrappedintheworntrackandcontactballsurface.Thistransferlayerandthetribofilmseparatedtheslidingcouplefromdirectcontactandcontributedtothelowfrictioncoefficientandwearrate.©2009ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

1.IntroductionCeramicsareidealmaterialsforwear-resistanceapplicationsespeciallyundersevereenvironments,duetotheirhighhardnessandchemicalinertness,andpossessmoreadvantagesoverotherwidelyusedengineeringmaterialssuchasmetalsandplastics.Inelectronicapplications,ceramicshavealsometmanyproblemsconcerningwearwhenusedasmicromechanicaldevices,micro-motors,valveseats,etc.Inthesecases,thewearcharacteristicsofceramicsunderdifferentenvironmentsneedtobewellunderstood.Y2Si2O7isarefractoryceramicwithahighmeltingpointof1775◦C.ItisalsorecognizedasaprecipitatedphaseatthegrainboundariesofsinteredSi3N4withY2O3orY2O3+SiO2sinteringaidsanditisanimportantphaseintheSiO2–Y2O3–Si3N4phasedia-gram[1–3].Asaverystablepolymorphamongthesixpolymorphsofyttriumdisilicate(y,␣,␤,␥,␦,andprobablyz),␥-Y2Si2O7attractsourinterestduetoitsuniquecombinationofcharacteristics,suchasitshighmeltingpoint,thermalstabilityandexcellentphysicalproperties,whichmakethismaterialacandidateformanyhightemperaturestructuralapplicationsandathermal/environment∗Correspondingauthorat:High-performanceCeramicDivision,ShenyangNationalLaboratoryforMaterialsScience,InstituteofMetalResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,72WenhuaRoad,Shenyang,110016,ChinaTel.:+862423971765;fax:+862423891320.E-mailaddress:yczhou@imr.ac.cn(Y.Zhou).barriercoatingmaterial[4–7].Besides,␥-Y2Si2O7hasapotentialusageasacomponentincomplexshapes,suchasrotors,seals,nozzles,valvesandsoforthduetoitsgoodmachinability,anditsdurabilityforhigh-temperatureoxidizingandhotcorrosionenvi-ronments[8–10].Italsohasapotentialuseasthehingejointsinthebodyflapsandruddersforfutureorbitalspaceplanes,butonlyifthismaterialhasagoodresistancetosliding/rollingwearorabrasive/erosionwear.Thesedemandsnecessitateathoroughdescriptionofthefrictioncharacteristicsandwearresistanceofthe␥-Y2Si2O7ceramic.

Tothispoint,thereciprocatingfrictionandwearbehaviorof␥-Y2Si2O7againstAISI52100steelandSi3N4counterpartballshavebeensystematicallyinvestigatedinapointcontactwearmodeunderanonlubricatedambientenvironment.Theresultsobtainedwillbenefitthepromotionof␥-Y2Si2O7asacandidateforastruc-turalmaterial,whichcanbeusedasamovingcomponent.

2.Experimentalprocedure2.1.SamplesThematerialusedinthisstudywasthepressurelesssinteredsingle-phase␥-Y2Si2O7withafinaldensityof98%.Itsprepara-tionprocedurehasbeendescribedelsewhere[11].Fig.1showsthemicrostructureobservedonthethermallyetchedsurfaceof␥-Y2Si2O7usingSEM.Thesamplewasgroundon1500gridSiCpaper

0043-1648/$–seefrontmatter©2009ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.018

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偏心滚针轴承技术交流C

偏心滚针轴承技术交流C


• 滚针 NEEDLE 整体淬火，硬度HRC61~65
Whole quenching, hardness HRC61~65
零件热处理要求
HEAT TRETMENT REQUIREMENTS OF PARTS
• 垫片 WASHER
整体淬火，硬度664~840HV
Whole quenching, hardness 664~840HV
产品交付
delivery
包装
packing
清洗
cleaning
检验
inspection
弯边
beading
产品开发进度表
Product development plan
• 将轴承压入电机轴的压力？ • What’s the pressure of pressing the bearing into electrical machine? • 偏心轮的内径尺寸？ • The I,D size of eccentric gear? • INA样品偏心轮的最小厚度1.198，TRW要 求的最小厚度为1.5 • The min thickness of INA sample eccentric gear is 1.198,TRW is 1.5
偏心滚针轴承产品分析 Eccentric Needle Roller Bearing Product Analysis
常州东风轴承有限公司 技术开发部 CHANGZHOU DONGFENG BEARING CO.,LTD TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT 2009，1，7
Eccentric Bearing Technical Info
F-232214.12
Pr/Cr=23.9%<50% Bearing security force，Sustainability in the 501lbf largest load of the operating environment, 117 600 000rpm
磁过滤直流真空阴极弧沉积类金刚石膜的结构和力学性能研究

磁过滤直流真空阴极弧沉积类金刚石膜的结构和力学性能研究

磁过滤直流真空阴极弧沉积类金刚石膜的结构和力学性能研究祝土富，沈丽如，徐桂东（核工业西南物理研究院，成都610041）[摘要] 采用磁过滤直流真空阴极弧沉积技术在不锈钢基体上制备了类金刚石（DLC）膜。

利用光学显微镜、台阶仪、X射线光电子能谱、Raman光谱、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪、洛氏硬度计检测了薄膜的表面形貌、厚度、结构和相关力学特征。

结果表明，膜中仍然存在着um级的大颗粒分布，膜厚为290nm，sp3键含量较高，在空气中的摩擦系数约为0.25，耐磨性能优良，膜与基体的结合性能良好。

[关键词]磁过滤真空阴极弧；DLC膜；结构；摩擦磨损性能Micro-structure and Mechanical Properties of Diamond-like CarbonFilmsDeposited by DC Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc TechnologyZHU Tufu, SHEN Liru, XU Guidong( Southwestern Institute of Physics, chendu 610041, China )[Abstract]Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on stainless steel substrate by DC filtered cathodic vacuum arc technology. The structure and morphology of the films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Raman spectroscope and optical microscope. The thickness of the films was measured by surface profilometer.The mechanical properties were investigated by ball-on-disk tribometer, micro hardness tester and Rockwell apparatus. The resultsshowed that there were still some large particulates with magnitude of microns existed in the films. The thickness of the films was 290 nm. The content of sp3 bonding carbon atoms was quite high. The Friction coefficient of the films was about 0.25. The films exhibited excellent wear resistance. The adhesion of the films to substrate was very well.[Keywords]filtered cathodic vacuum arc; DLC films; structure; friction and wear behaviour1．引言类金刚石（DLC）膜是一种含有大量sp3键的亚稳态非晶碳薄膜，碳原子间主要以sp3和sp2杂化键结合，sp3键的含量越多，薄膜的性能就越接近于金刚石。

Zener-Hollomon参数对Cr4Mo4Ni4V高合金钢热变形行为的影响

Zener-Hollomon参数对Cr4Mo4Ni4V高合金钢热变形行为的影响

第52卷第2期2021年2月中南大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)V ol.52No.2Feb.2021Zener-Hollomon 参数对Cr4Mo4Ni4V 高合金钢热变形行为的影响马少伟1,3，张艳1,3，杨明1,2,3，李波2(1.贵州大学材料与冶金学院，贵州贵阳，550025；2.贵州电力科学研究院，贵州贵阳，550025；3.贵州大学高性能金属结构材料与制造技术国家地方联合工程实验室，贵州贵阳，550025)摘要：依据热模拟压缩实验结果，研究Cr4Mo4Ni4V 高合金钢在变形温度为950~1100℃、应变速率为0.001~1s −1条件下的热变形行为。

基于Zener-Hollomon 参数(Z 参数)建立Arrhenius 本构方程，并表征不同应变条件下材料常数(α，n ，Q 和ln A )的变化规律，证实所建立的本构模型具有较高的预测精度。

此外，利用Z 参数建立动态再结晶的临界模型，并结合微观组织在热变形中的演化规律，获得Z 参数影响微观组织变形机制和软化行为的基本规律。

研究结果表明：在高温低应变速率下，材料的流变应力较低，且呈现出明显的动态再结晶特征；在高ln Z (≥45.11)条件下，绝热剪切带和混晶是主要的微观组织形态；而在38.80≤ln Z ≤43.40时，微观组织是以动态再结晶的形式发生软化和细化，且随着Z 参数的减小，动态再结晶体积分数相应增加；而较小的ln Z (36.49)会导致再结晶晶粒粗化，不利于热加工。

据此，获得的相关结论能够为Cr4Mo4Ni4V 高合金钢热加工工艺的制定提供参考。

关键词：Cr4Mo4Ni4V 高合金钢；本构方程；Zener-Hollomon 参数；临界应变；微观组织演变中图分类号：TG142.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1672-7207（2021）02-0376-13Effect of Zener-Hollomon parameters on hot deformationbehavior of Cr4Mo4Ni4V high alloy steelMA Shaowei 1,3,ZHANG Yan 1,3,YANG Ming 1,2,3,LI Bo 2(1.School of Materials and Metallurgy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;2.Guizhou Electric Power Research Institute,Guiyang 550025,China;3.National &Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-performance Metal Structure Material and AdvancedManufacturing Technology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)DOI:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2021.02.006收稿日期：2020−04−20；修回日期：2020−06−24基金项目(Foundation item)：贵州省教育厅工程研究中心项目([2017]016);贵州省自然科学基金重点资助项目([2020]1Z046)(Project([2017]016)supported by the Engineering Research Center Program of Education Department of Guizhou Province;Project([2020]1Z046)supported by the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province)通信作者：杨明，博士，副教授，从事金属材料加工及力学行为研究；E-mail ：**************.cn引用格式：马少伟,张艳,杨明,等.Zener-Hollomon 参数对Cr4Mo4Ni4V 高合金钢热变形行为的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2021,52(2):376−388.Citation:MA Shaowei,ZHANG Yan,YANG Ming,et al.Effect of Zener-Hollomon parameters on hot deformation behavior of Cr4Mo4Ni4V high alloy steel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2021,52(2):376−388.第2期马少伟，等：Zener-Hollomon参数对Cr4Mo4Ni4V高合金钢热变形行为的影响Abstract:Based on the results of the thermal simulation compression test,the hot deformation behavior of Cr4Mo4Ni4V high alloy steel was investigated in terms of deformation temperature(950−1100°C)and strain rate(0.001−1s−1).Meanwhile,the Arrhenius constitutive equation was established and the variation law of the materialconstants(α,n,Q and ln A)under different strain conditions was characterized based on the Zener-Hollomon parameter(Z),which confirms that the constitutive equation has high prediction accuracy.In addition,the critical model of dynamic recrystallization assisted by using Z-parameter and microstructure evolution characterization in hot deformation was performed to acquire the basic law,which reflects the effect of Z parameter on the deformation mechanism and softening behavior of microstructure.The results show that the flow stress of the material is low and shows obvious dynamic recrystallization characteristics at high temperature and low strain rate.When ln Z is high(≥45.11),the adiabatic shear band and mischcrystal structure are the main microstructure features,when38.80≤ln Z≤43.40,the microstructure presents softening and refining characterization in the form of dynamic recrystallization,and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization increases with the decrease of Z parameter.However,the low ln Z(36.49)will lead to the coarsening of recrystallized grains and have detrimental effect on hot processing.So the relevant conclusions can provide a reference for the regulation of the hot processing technology of Cr4Mo4Ni4V high alloy steel.Key words:Cr4Mo4Ni4V high alloy steel;constitutive equation;Zener-Hollomon parameter;critical strain;microstructure evolution近年来，航空工业的快速发展对航空发动机轴承的力学性能和服役寿命提出了更高的要求，而控制轴承部件的热加工组织将是提高其力学性能的重要方法[1]。

国内外材料对照表

国内外材料对照表


英国 (BS)
050A17 050A20 060A47 080A35
530A40
708A37
080A67 535A99
BW1B BD3 BD2 BO2
BO1 BT1 303S21 304S15 316S16 316S12 321S12 430S15
属 (bla
ck meta
l)
序号 Item
不锈钢(stainless steel)
28
中国 (GB)
Q235-A(A3) 20 45
35Mn
Y15Pb
40Cr 15CrMo 35CrMo 42CrMo
65Mn GCr15
T8 T10 Cr12 Cr12Mo1V1 9Mn2V 50CrV4 9CrWMn W18Cr4V Y1Cr18Ni9 0Cr18Ni9 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 OCr18Ni10Ti 1Cr17 Y1Cr17 Y3Cr13 7Cr17
fabric phenolic laminated
epoxy polyester glass fiber plank
德国
(Germany)
DIN
W-Nr
AlMgSiMn
AlZnMgCu1.5
中文名称(Chinese Name)
聚醚醚酮
聚四氟乙烯
聚甲醛
聚酰胺
丙烯腈-丁二烯 -苯乙烯共聚物
聚碳酸酯
氯乙烯
SAPH38 s20c S45C S35C
SUM24L SCr440 SCM415 SCM435 SCM440
SUJ2 SK6,SK5 SK4,SK3
SKD1 SKD11
SKS3 SKH2 SUS303 SUS304 SUS316 SUS316L SUS321 SUS430 SUS430F SUS420F SUS440A