第53卷第5期2022年5月中南大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)V ol.53No.5May 2022基于冲击响应谱高速列车设备冲击环境特性分析豆硕，刘志明，王文静，李强，毛立勇(北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院，北京，100044)摘要：为准确描述列车设备受到的冲击环境，基于冲击响应谱模型将基础冲击加速度作用到一系列固有频率变化的单自由度系统上，采用系统的最大响应间接地描述冲击载荷。
首先，对半正弦、梯形、前峰锯齿和后峰锯齿等经典脉冲型冲击加速度进行响应谱分析；其次，对线路实测的高速列车车体、转向架和车轴装设备的加速度振动环境，与IEC61373规范对应的半正弦冲击加速度的响应谱进行对比；最后，提出一种冲击响应谱时域合成方法，通过优化小波的幅值和相位参数使合成的冲击加速度满足目标响应谱精度要求，并反映冲击环境的方向特征。
研究结果表明：脉冲型冲击加速度具有相同的响应谱特性，在低频区，加速度响应谱斜率为6dB/Oct ，速度响应谱为水平的恒速线；在高频区，正值和负值响应谱不等，在不同方向上具有不同的冲击效果；现有规范对于车体、转向架和车轴装设备存在低频过试验问题，转向架和车轴装设备同时存在高频欠试验问题，列车设备受到的均为对称冲击环境，脉冲型冲击加速度不能反映列车设备对冲击环境方向的要求；合成的冲击加速度能精确匹配目标响应谱，可以满足3dB 误差要求，更接近真实的冲击加速度瞬态波形。
关键词：高速列车设备；冲击环境；冲击响应谱；冲击加速度；时域合成中图分类号：U270.12文献标志码：A开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)文章编号：1672-7207（2022）05-1843-12Analysis of shock environment characteristics of high-speed trainequipment based on shock response spectrumDOU Shuo,LIU Zhiming,WANG Wenjing,LI Qiang,MAO Liyong(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)Abstract:To accurately describe the shock environment of train equipment,the shock acceleration was applied to a number of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF)systems with variation of natural frequency,and the maximum response of the SDOF systems was used to describe the shock load indirectly.Firstly,the shock response spectrum (SRS)characteristics of classical impulse accelerations were analyzed,such as half-sine,trapezoidal,initialpeak收稿日期：2021−09−08；修回日期：2021−12−05基金项目(Foundation item)：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11790281)；国铁集团科研计划课题资助项目(P2019J001)(Project(11790281)supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China;Project(P2019J001)supported by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.)通信作者：刘志明，博士，教授，从事疲劳可靠性研究；E-mail:****************.cnDOI:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2022.05.029引用格式：豆硕,刘志明,王文静,等.基于冲击响应谱高速列车设备冲击环境特性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2022,53(5):1843−1854.Citation:DOU Shuo,LIU Zhiming,W ANG Wenjing,et al.Analysis of shock environment characteristics of high-speed train equipment based on shock response spectrum[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2022,53(5):1843−1854.第53卷中南大学学报(自然科学版)sawtooth and final peak sawtooth shock pulse.Secondly,the acceleration response spectrum of high-speed train body,bogie and axle mounted equipment measured on the line were compared with that of the half sine shock acceleration corresponding to IEC61373specification.Finally,a time domain synthesis method of SRS was proposed by optimizing the amplitude and phase parameters of wavelet,which can satisfy the precision of target SRS and reflect the direction characteristics of shock environment.The results show that the acceleration shock pulses have the same response spectrum characteristics.In the low frequency range,the slope of the acceleration response spectrum is6dB/Oct,and the velocity response spectrum is horizontal constant speed line.In the high frequency region,the positive and negative response spectrums show that the acceleration shock pulses have obviously different shock effect in different directions.Moreover,the existing shock resistant specification for car body,bogie and axle mounted equipment have the problems of over test in the low frequency range,and bogie and axle mounted equipment have the problems of fewer test in the high frequency range.The high-speed train equipment is subjected to symmetric shock environment and the specifications can't meet the requirements of shock direction.The synthesized shock acceleration can accurately match the target response spectrum,meet the requirement of3dB error,and is closer to the real acceleration shock waveform.Key words:high-speed train equipment;shock environment;shock response spectrum;shock acceleration;time domain synthesis高速列车在全寿命服役周期中，除了受到正常工况下的稳态激励，还会经历复杂的冲击环境，如列车高速通过道岔、轨缝、变坡点等时会产生超常的冲击载荷，从而引起设备故障[1]。
