时态及语法
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英语常用时态 ------- 宾语从句 ------被动语态
一．一般现在时态
1. 概念 ：表示经常性习惯性的动作用一般现在时态
2. 常用时间状语：
always usually often sometimes every day every year
3 . 用 法: be 动词用 am is are ; 实义动词要根据主语的人称变化而变化，即如果主语是第三人称单数，动词要进行三单变化 。
4．例句
Mr. Green is from England . I will call him as soon as he gets there .
There are many flowers in the garden We will go out for a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow
My father has a pet dog . They often ask us to visit their family .
5. 问句用 Do , Does 引导 ， 否定句用 don’t , doesn’t
How many books does he borrow from the library . Do they enjoy themselves on Sunday ?
My father doesn’t like the city life . They don’t ….
二．一般过去时态
1. 表示在过去的时间里发生的事或存在的状态
2. 常用时间状语：yesterday , last year , three years ago ,
3. 用法
be 动词用was , were , 实义动词用动词的过去式 如 ， go ---- went , get ---- got , bring ----- brought
4. 例句
I was late for school this morning . Hw went to Beijing last year . He used to walk to schol
He promised to buy a present for me when he came back .
5. 问句用 Did , 否定句用 Didn’t
He said that he didn’t like football . How did he spend his holiday at the beach ?
三．一般将来时
1. 定义：表示在将来的时间里发生的事，后存在的状态
2. 常用时间状语：tomorrow , next week , next month , next year
3. 用法 ：will + 动词原形 ； I / we + 动词原形 ；be going to +动词原形
4. 例句 : Shall we go for a picnic on Sunday ? When and where shall we meet ?
I’ll have a party next Sunday , I hope you can come .
My daughter will be twenty years old next year .
We are going to have a subject this year . It’ s going to rain this afternoon .
There will be a sunny day tomorow .
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow , we are going to the Summer Palace .
5 问句 ：will / shall 提前 ， be 动词提前 。What are you going to do tomorrow ?
否定句用 won’t + 动原 ，
四 现在进行时：
1.定义：表示当前的时间正在发生的动作
2.常用关键词： now (现在) ， Look ！ （ 看！）， listen （听！）
3．用法 ： am / is / are + 动词的ing 形式 Be quiet ! (请安静)
4.例句： I am wrting a letter to my friend now .
Look ! the boys are reading books . Be quiet ! my father is sleeping .
What are you reading now ? What are you ding now ?
5问句be 动词 am is are 提前 ； 否定句 amnot , isn't , aren’t
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五.过去进行时
1. 定义：表示在过去的某一个时刻后一段时间正在发生的动作。
2. 常用时间状语：at 8 o’clock yesterday evening , at this time yesterday morning ； when 引导的时间状语从句
3．用法： was / were + 动词的ing 形式
4. 例句：I was playing computer games at seven o’clock yesterday evening .
My father was talking on the phone at this time last night .
What were you doing at seven o’clock yesterday morning
The stduents were reading when the teacher came into the classroom .
When the house caught fire , we were watching TV
5 .问句 was / were 提前 ； 否定句 wasn’t weren’t
六 现在完成时
1.定义1）过去发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果 。如：我去过北京 。他已经睡着了。
2）表示发生在过去的动作，持续到现在还在发生的动作或状态。
2.常用关键词：1）already just ever jet never so far
2) for 接 一段时间 ; since 接 时间点 或 一般过去时从句
3.用法：1）have / has + 过去分词 ；have / has been to 去过某地 ； have/ has gone to 去了某地
2）在 用for 时 ，瞬间动词要转化为延续性动词使用 。borrw --- keep , join --- be in , leave – be away
4. 例句 ：
I can’t find my watch , Have you seen it anywhere ?
------I have already finished my homework . ---- Really , I did it an hour ago
I have worked here since I was 20 years old .
-------How many times have you been there ? ----- Twice
I have studied English for two years . We have learned 1000 English words so far
---- Where is our teacher ? ------ He has gone to the library .
They have waited for more than two hours .
The film has been on for five minutes . He has been in army for a month . I have kept this book for two weeks .
5.问句 have / has 提前。 否定句 haven’t hasn’t
七. 被动语态
1.定义 :一般物作主语，表示被 制造， 被 建造 被修理等 ； 有时人做主语，表示被邀请，被迫等
2,.一般现在时被动语态 am / is / are + 过去分词 ； 一般过去时被动语态 ， was / were +过去分词
一般将来时被动语态；will be +过去分词, be going to be +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态 have/ has been + 过去分词
1）Look at the factory! It before I came here. C. was built
2）—Look! Smoking __________ around here. —Oh, I’m sorry. A. is not allowed
八.宾语从句 ：
1.定义: 简单来说句子的宾语是个句子 ，如 他说他没有迟到 。 He said that he wasn’t late for school .
2.时态 ：主句是现在时，从句可以任何时态； 主句是过去时，从句必须是过去时态。
从句反映的是客观现实时，必须用一般现在时 。
即 一般对任何 ， 过去对过去 ， 客观现实永远是现在。
3. 宾语从句三要素：时态 语序 关联词
语序 ------ 陈述句语序 ， 关联词 that ; whose why which how many ; whether / if
3．例句 ：1）Mr Zhang wanted to know ________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start
C. what he's going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held
2）—Everybody wants to know_________. — He is fine.
