Uncertainty in Measurements of Distance

BA360F/00/en/04.09

71094371Operating Instructions

Levelflex M FMP43

Guided Level RadarCalibration kitLevelflex M FMP43

2Table of contents

1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

2 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

3 Function and system design . . .63.1 Measuring principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 Preparation for reference measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84.1 Connecting the calibration kit . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 Configuring the blocking distance . . . . . 10

5 Reference measurement. . . . .115.1 Reading out distance values . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2 Reference measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 Initial calibration / repeat calibration . . . 11

6 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

7 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147.1 Example of a calibration report . . . . . . . 14

White Paper 071502– Indoor GPS for Metrology 2 of 11 © Copyright 2001-2002, Arc Second, Inc., All rights reserved GPS The Global Position System (GPS) has become ubiquitous and is now viewed as the position-utility for the entire world. The power of GPS is not only in its advanced technology but also in the power of its system concept; the satellites operate independently of the users. The satellites (transmitters) output the signals required for a position measurement with great precision. This allows an unlimited number of users to calculate their positions from the received signals and the known positions of the satellites. Again, each user of the system obtains their position independently using a one-way-signal path from the satellite to the receiver. Constellation3Di Arc Second® has pioneered and patented its parallel Indoor-GPS™ concept, Constellation3Di™. In Constellation3Di , a transmitter uses infrared light to create one-way position information: the relative azimuth and elevation from the transmitter to the receiver. With the addition of a second transmitter of known location and orientation, users can calculate their position in the Constellation3Di coordinate system. The end result is that as in GPS, a one-way-signal path is created from the transmitters to the receiver. This allows an unlimited number of receivers to continuously and independently calculate their positions whenever two or more transmitters are in view. As will be seen in the discussion below, there are direct parallels between the concepts used in GPS and those used in Constellation3Di. Figure 1 The Constellation3Di Components White Paper 071502– Indoor GPS for Metrology 3 of 11 © Copyright 2001-2002, Arc Second, Inc., All rights reserved Comparison of GPS and Constellation3Di Infrastructure We never see it in GPS, but the entire system is based on a multi-billion dollar infrastructure consisting of over 24 satellites in orbit about 12,000 miles above the earth’s surface. These satellites continually transmit the information necessary for remote receivers to calculate their positions. Figure 2 In Constellation3Di the satellites are replaced by infrared transmitters which can either be permanently installed in the facility or easily moved between worksites. Whenever the transmitters are on they send out the signals needed by the receiver to independently calculate its position. Therefore, as in GPS, the infrastructure is fixed and unlimited receivers can operate simultaneously. Creating the Measurement Matrix In GPS, again hiding behind the scenes, is a critical piece of information: Where are the satellites and has the clock in the receiver drifted? To determine information about the satellites there is a world wide network of ground stations operated by the United States Government. The information is then passed to the receivers on the ground through a special communication channel embedded in the GPS signal. This orbital information, ephemeris, is updated on a continuous basis. In addition, the clocks in the GPS receivers are monitored and adjusted as needed. Receiver clocks are synchronized to the clocks of the GPS satellites by the inclusion of a fourth measurement, from a forth satellite. White Paper 071502– Indoor GPS for Metrology 4 of 11 © Copyright 2001-2002, Arc Second, Inc., All rights reserved

国际通用计量学基本术语 英文版

International Vocabulary of Metrology: Basic and

General Concepts and Associated Terms.

1. Scope.

This International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM)

provides a consistent and coherent set of definitions in

the field of metrology. It is based on the following

principles:

Consistency: The definitions are consistent with each

other and with the International System of Units (SI).

Coherence: The definitions are arranged in a logical

and hierarchical structure.

Simplicity: The definitions are concise and easy to

understand.

Generality: The definitions are applicable to all

fields of metrology.

The VIM is intended to be used by all those who need to

use metrological terms in their work, including

metrologists, scientists, engineers, and regulators.

2. Definitions.

Water Level 水位仪

Level Ruler 水平尺

Casing gradienter

Coating thickness Measurer 涂层测厚仪

Ultrasonic thickness measurer 超声波测厚仪

Ultrasonic crack detector 超声波裂纹测试仪

Digital thermometer 数字温度计

radiation thermometer 辐射温度计

Gradient Reader 坡度读数器

Electric spark leak hunter 电火花追踪器

Volometer 万用表

MegaOhmmeter 兆欧表

Earthing resistance Reader 接地电阻读数表

Plug gauge 圆柱塞规

Magnifying glass 放大镜

Plummet 铅锤

Profile projector 投影仪

Pin Gauge针规（不知道和plug gauge的区别在哪里，知道的请指正）

Gauge block 块规

dial indicator 百分表 heodolite 经纬仪 A vernier caliper 游标卡尺Coordinate Measureing Machine(CMM)三尺元

Pressure gague 寸压力计

电度厚度测试仪(Electroplating THK.Tester)

转(扭)力仪(Twisting Meter)

螺纹规(Thread Gauge)

块规(Block Gauge)

环规(Ring Gauge)

力矩计(Torque Meter)

塞规(Plug gage)

高度仪(Altitude gauge)

塞尺/间隙规(Clearance gauge)

千分卡尺(Micrometer Calipers )

“过” -- “不过”验规(通-止规) [go-no-go gauge]