甲烷空气弱旋燃烧组织方式研究
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摘 要 航空技术正在高速进步,航空发动机已经越来越急切需求更高的推重比以及更合理的燃烧效率。新时代的航空发动机在更加严苛的飞行条件下,对燃烧室的设计产生了更加完善的要求,即更大的总压恢复系数以及更高的燃烧效率。 本文在新趋势的背景下,设计了一种甲烷作为燃料的燃烧室弱旋流喷射结构的方案。这个方案采用二元结构,使三个喷油单元均匀布置在头部的周向,把旋流器布置在进气道。 首先对弱旋流喷射结构的燃烧性能进行分析。 其次利用数值模拟研究影响燃烧室燃烧性能的因素。 最后设计小尺寸的燃烧试验件、配套转接段以及相匹配的实验方案,为后期做燃烧实验验证数值模拟的结果与实际实验的差别做好准备工作。 关键词:燃烧室 数值模拟 弱旋流 出口温度分布 Aviation technology is advancing at a rapid rate, and aero engines have become increasingly urgently demanding higher thrust ratios and more reasonable combustion efficiencies. The combustion chamber is the heart of the engine, which is the source of power, and thrust occurs. Aeronautical engines in the new era, under more stringent flight conditions, have produced more sophisticated requirements for the design of combustion chambers, namely, greater total pressure recovery factors and higher combustion efficiency. In the context of the new trend, this paper designs a scheme for a weak swirling jet structure of a combustor with methane as fuel. This solution adopts a binary structure in which three injection units are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the head and the swirler is arranged in the intake port. Firstly, numerical simulation was used to analyze the flow field, temperature field, outlet temperature distribution and combustion efficiency of the weak swirling jet structure under different inlet conditions. Secondly, numerical simulations are used to study the factors that affect the combustion performance of the combustion chamber. Finally, a small-sized combustion test piece, a matching transition section, and a matching experimental program are designed to make preparations for the later combustion experiment to verify the difference between the numerical simulation result and the actual experiment. Key words: Combustion chamber Numerical Simulation Weak swirl Outlet temperature distribution 目 录 1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及目的 ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 燃烧室的发展 ..................................................................................... 1 1.1.2旋流器 .................................................................................................. 3 1.1.3甲烷空气弱旋流燃烧组织方式研究意义 .......................................... 3 1.2 研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 单罐燃烧室[3]...................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 RQL燃烧室[4]..................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 低氮氧化物LDI燃烧室[5] ................................................................. 8 1.3 本文研究方法及内容 ................................................................................. 9 2 旋流喷射结构设计 .............................................................................................. 10 2.1总体方案设计 ............................................................................................... 10 2.2旋流器的设计 ............................................................................................... 11 2.2.1旋流数 ................................................................................................ 11 2.2.2轴向旋流器 ........................................................................................ 12 2.2.3径向旋流器 ........................................................................................ 13 2.2.4旋流器的设计 .................................................................................... 13 2.3旋流喷射结构的三维模型的建立 ............................................................... 14 3 旋流喷射结构网格划分 ...................................................................................... 15 3.1计算流体力学概述 ....................................................................................... 15 3.2非结构化网格 ............................................................................................... 15 3.3数值方法 ....................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1空间离散方法 .................................................................................... 16 3.4网格划分 ....................................................................................................... 17