2019届高考英语一轮复习练习：必修1 4 Unit4知能演练轻松闯关

A卷Ⅰ单项填空1．One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future ________ we can face all the challenges with confidence.A．in that B．even ifC．so that D．as ifC解析：考查状语从句。

句意：我们学校的一个重要目的就是让我们为未来做好准备，以便我们能够满怀信心地面对所有挑战。

根据句意可知，这里用so that 引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。

2．A baby born with the virus that causes AIDS appears ________，scientists announced on Sunday, describing it is only the world’s second reported cure.A．cured B．being curedC．to be cured D．to have been curedD解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：科学家们星期天宣布：一个生来就携带艾滋病病毒的婴儿似乎被治愈了，这是世界上已报道的第二例。

appear to do sth.是固定句式，根据句意可知，这个孩子似乎“已经被治愈了”，A baby与cure之间是动宾关系并且动作已经完成，所以选D项。

3．Those workers told the reporters that though they were doing dirty and tiring work, they still wanted to work with ________．A．privilege B．benefitC．dignity D．evidenceC解析：考查名词辨析。

句意：那些工人们告诉记者虽然他们干的是脏活累活，但他们仍然希望能有尊严地工作。

Ⅰ 阅读理解A(2018·成都诊断)What are your retirement plans? Keep working?Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You mayput__them__on__hold. There’s a chance that, sooner or later, youmight have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars(火星)．On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the not­so­distant year of 2037, the igloo­shaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisable—kitchen, bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth’s, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won’t have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air­locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.“We don’t think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，” says Stephen Petranek, author of Ho w We’ll Li v e on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci­fi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，”Petranek says.“We’ve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven’t had the will，” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.”The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gra v ity and The Martian have caught society’s eye.【解题导语】　本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。

Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·合肥高三调研性检测)Golden Gate BridgeLocated in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public in 1937. It cost more than $ 35 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2，737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world.Brooklyn BridgeThe Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, opened in the year 1883. The length of the bridge is 1，825 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.George Washington BridgeAlso known as the Hudson River Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a two-level suspension bridge.Mackinac BridgeThis is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8，038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David B. Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954.It was opened to the public in 1957. People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.Navajo BridgeLocated in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390，000. In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1995. The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国五座著名的大桥.1.What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?A.It consists of two bridges.B.It costs the least of the five bridges.C.It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.D.It takes about 4 years to complete the construction.D解析:推理判断题.根据第一段中的“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public in 1937”可推知，金门大桥的建造时间约有四年，故D项正确.2.Which of the following bridges was built the earliest?A.Golden Gate Bridge.B.Brooklyn Bridge.C.George Washington Bridge.D.Navajo Bridge.B解析:细节理解题.由题干关键词“was built the earliest”定位到每座大桥的建造时间；根据文中各座大桥的建造时间可知，布鲁克林大桥是最古老的大桥，故B项正确.3.What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge?A.Have to pay some money.e the second bridge.C.Cover nearly 250 meters.D.See the statue of Dr. David B. Steinman.A解析:细节理解题.根据第四段尾句“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知，使用麦基诺大桥的人会被收取一定量的钱，故A项正确.B(2018·惠州高三第一次调研考试)Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康.当然，与朋友相处也有坏处.4.Where can you probably read this passage?A.Science fiction.B.Health column.C.Fashion magazine.D.Entertainment newspaper.B解析:文章出处题.通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响.据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”.故B项正确.5.We can learn from Allen’s study that________.A.many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsB.mental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthC.the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27D.the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthierD解析:细节理解题.根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康.故D项正确.6.According to what Allen said, we can know that________.A.in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowdB.though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give upC.teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureD.parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friendsB解析:细节理解题.根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题.分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气.故选B.7.What can be inferred from the passage?A.There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.B.Close friendships are the most important for people’s health.C.Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.D.Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.C解析:推理判断题.根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康.C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思.故C项正确.Ⅱ完形填空(2018·辽宁五校协作体高三联合模拟)Falling off a boxcar and landing on my head，I lost my sight when I was four years old. Now I am thirty-two. I can __1__remember the brightness of sunshine.It would be wonderful to see again，__2__a tragedy can do strange things to people.It__3__to me that I might not have come to love life as I do now if I ha dn’t been blind.My parents and my teacher saw something__4__me, and they made me want to__5__against blindness.The hardest__6__I had to learn was to believe in myself. If I hadn’t been able to do that, I would have__7__down for the rest of my life.When I say __8__in myself I am not talking about__9__the kind of self­confidence that__10__me down an unfamiliar staircase(楼梯) alone. But I mean something bigger than that: the assurance that I am a real positive person__11__imperfections.It took me years to obtain this__12__. It had to start with the__13__. Once a man gave me an indoor__14__.“I can’t use this，”I said.“Take it with you，”he__15__ me，“and roll it around.”The__16__stuck in my head.“Roll it around！”By rolling the ball I could hear where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought__17__.At the school for the blind I__18__a new kind of baseball called the “ground ball”.All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them，one at a time.I had to learn my __19__. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made__20__.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文.文章主要讲述了“我”在四岁的时候失去了视力，但通过一件小事，“我”学会了自信，并逐渐取得进步的过程.1.A.randomly B.abruptlyC.roughlypletelyC解析:“我”四岁时失去视力，现在已经三十二岁了.由此可推知，此处表示“我”粗略地记得，故选C.roughly“粗略地，大致上”.2.A.so B.butC.thusD.andB解析:根据语境可知，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B.3.A.occurred B.referredC.broughtD.turnedA解析:“我”想到如果“我”没有失明，“我”可能不会像现在这样热爱生活.It occurs to sb.that...为固定句型，意为“某人想到……”.4.A.of B.forC.toD.inD解析:“我”父母以及老师看到了“我”内在的一些东西，他们让“我”想要与失明作斗争.根据语境可知，此处应选D.5.A.get B.fightC.findD.dropB解析:参见上题解析.fight against...“与……作斗争”.6.A.method B.experienceC.lessonD.mannerC解析:“我”学到的最困难的一课(lesson)就是要相信“我”自己.7.A.broken B.putC.settledyA解析:如果“我”做不到那样的话，“我”可能已经精神崩溃了.break down“(在健康或精神等方面)垮掉”.8.A.courage B.ambitionC.beliefD.powerC解析:根据上文中的“to believe in myself”可知，此处应选C项与上文相照应.9.A.firmly B.simplyC.fairlyD.slightlyB解析:“我”说的信心并不仅仅(simply)指帮助(helps)“我”走下陌生楼梯的自信.10.A.stops B.helpsC.findsD.givesB解析:参见上题解析.11.A.despite B.besidesC.withoutD.unlikeA解析:尽管“我”是一个不完美的人，但是“我”是一个积极的人.despite“尽管”，符合语境.12.A.description B.existenceC.accusationD.recognitionD解析:“我”花了很多年才认识到这一点.A项意为“描述”；B项意为“存在”；C 项意为“控告”；D项意为“认识”.13.A.intelligence B.incidentC.troubleD.determinationB解析:这得从一件小事开始.A项意为“智慧”，B项意为“小事”；C项意为“麻烦”；D项意为“决心”.14.A.chair B.baseballC.gameD.designB解析:根据下文中的“a new kind of baseball”可知，此处指棒球.15.A.urged B.blamedC.greetedD.teasedA解析:根据语境可知，此处指他一直在敦促“我”.urge “强烈要求，敦促”.16.A.goals B.wordsC.imagesD.ideasB解析:他所说的话(words)印在“我”的脑海中，故选B.17.A.valuable B.reasonableC.impossibleD.unbearableC解析:这给了“我”一个如何实现“我”认为不可能(impossible)的目标的想法.A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“合情理的”；C项意为“不可能的”；D项意为“无法容忍的”.18.A.discovered B.equippedC.formedD.inventedD解析:在盲人学校“我”发明(invented)了一种新的被称为“地滚球”的棒球.A项意为“发现”；B项意为“配备”；C项意为“形成”；D项意为“发明”.19.A.limitations B.advantagesC.puzzlesD.personalitiesA解析:“我”不得不了解自己的不足之处.limitation“(某人或某物的)局限性，不足之处”.20.A.sense B.progressC.mistakesD.decisionsB解析:“我”有时会失败，但一般说来“我”取得了进步.make progress“取得进步”.。

Ⅰ阅读理解AJoseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by U．S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)．Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products.A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fifty­five years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。