高中英语语法(知识版)
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英语语法(知识版)1. 冠词 ........................................................ - 1 -2. 名词 ....................................................... - 3 -3. 代词 ........................................................ - 6 -4. 数词 ........................................................ - 9 -5. 形容词和副词 ............................................... - 12 -6. 介词 ...................................................... - 15 -7 情态动词 .................................................... - 17 -8. 非谓语动词 ................................................. - 19 -9. 动词和动词短语 ............................................. - 22 -10. 动词的时态 ................................................ - 22 -11. 动词的语态 ............................................... - 24 -12. 句子种类 .................................................. - 25 -13. 名词性从句 ............................................... - 31 -14.定语从句 ................................................... - 34 -15.状语从句 ................................................... - 36 -16. 倒装句和省略句 ........................................... - 40 -17. 强调句 .................................................... - 42 -18. 虚拟语气 ................................................. - 43 -19. 主谓一致 .................................................. - 44 -20. 直接引语和间接 ............................................ - 46 -1. 冠词1. 冠词的位置考点示例quite a small house1 such/what/many/rather/quite + a (n)+形容词+单数可数名词2 how/however/so/too/as/that/this十so nice a girl 形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词3 both/all/half/twice/double + the +名词twice the size of theroom4 half a (n)或a half + 单数可数名词Half an hour/a halfhour2.不定冠词考点示例 1表示泛指,与any 同义 A square has four sides . 2 表示数量“一”,与one 同义,但其数的概念不如one 强烈He will be back in a week .3 表示“相同的”,与the same 同义 Birds of a feather flocktogether .4 表示“每一个”,与every ,each ,per 同义I visit my father once a month .5 表示“某一”,与a certain 同义 A Mr Smith is waiting to see you .6 表示“像……似的”,与one like 同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class .7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、‘一阵、一份、一场”等We had a heavy rain last night .8 用在某些抽象名词前,使其具体化 You are a great help to yourmother .3. 定冠词4. 零冠词考点 示例1 专用名词和不可数名词前 China, America, Grade One, Class 考点 示例1 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 There l met a foreigner and theforeigner helped me a lot.Do you know the man standing by thewindow?2 用于单数名词前,指一类事物 The lion is a wild animal.3 用于乐器名称前 the violin / the piano4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the sun/ the earth/ the world5 与某些形容词连用表示一类人 the rich / the young / the aged6 在字数词和最高级前 the first one to come to schoolthe best student in our class7 在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中 The Changjiang River / the West Lake/the English Channel8 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前 play (the) piano /the Browns /in the1920s/9 在表示国家的形容词前,泛指该国的人民.the Chinese / the English10 用在一些习惯用语中 in the morning / the day aftertomorrow / the day before yesterday/ the next yearTwo2 名词前已有this, that, my, your,some, any 等Go down this street.3 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students./ I like readingstories.4 成对名词连用时 day after day/face to face5 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前play basketball/play chess/likephysics. speak English/at lunch6 在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假日、星期等名词前Autumn is the best season in Beijing./in May/New Year’s Day /On Sunday7 在某些习惯用语中的名词前At noon/by bus/by telephone/ inbed, in time / go to bed / go tocollege5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析英语中有不少词组,从形式看好象只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。
(1)in front of 在……(外)的前面 ; in the front of 在……(内)的前面(2) in charge of 掌管;负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下(3) at table 在用饭;吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁(4) by day 白天;日间 ; by the day 按日计(5) take place 发生;举行 ; take the place 代替;接替(6) in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之(7) at times 有时;不时 ; at a time 一次(8) little 少;不多的 ; a little 一些;一点点(9) few 很少;几乎没有的; a few 有些;几个(10)a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)(11)a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士(12)A number of 许多;好些; the number of …(的)数目2. 名词I.. 名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher, student, piano 功能集体名词family, committee, people 名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语不可数名词物质名词wood, water, steel 抽象名词friendship, progress 专有名词John, Smith, Beijing名词所有格一般由名词右上方+’s;以s结尾的名词单复数只加“’”表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格如:Women’s Day, anhour’swalk,students’reading-room, today’spaper补足语、定语、同位语或状语介词of+名词无生命的东西的名词所有格如:a map of China, thetop of the mountain可数名词的复数规则变化 1.一般词后+s days, boys, Americans2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+esbuses,dishes;(stomach除外)3.辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+esbabies, factories4.以f或fe结尾,变f/fe为v+esleaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs, safes除外)5.以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+sheroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos,bamboos)除外6.数字的复数+s或“’s”in the 1930s/1930’s不规则变化1.改变词中元音字母woman-women,goose-geeseman-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth2.形式复数,意义单数news,maths,politics,economics等3.单复同形means,deer,sheep,fish,works(工厂),species,Chinese等4.其它child-children,bacterium-bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等II. 名词其他需要注意的几点1)复合名词变为复数的规则:有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on,passers-by等)和无主体名词的复数形式(grown-ups,go-betweens等)。