英语延续性动词与非延续性动词
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1. reach
arrive in / at → be in / at
come to
2. come out →be out
go
3. come —be here
4. leave —be away / from
5. join —be a member of / be in the
6. die —be dead
7. catch a cold —have a cold
8. begin / start =be on
9. put on —wear
10. buy —have
11. borrow —keep
12. become —be
13. fall asleep —be asleep
14. fall ill be ill\ sick
sick
15. open —be open
16. lose —be lost
17. get to know—begin to know
18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep
19. get up —be up
20. close —be closed
21. finish / end —be over
22. move —be out of
23. break —be broken
24. marry —be married
25. go —be away
26. wake —be awake
27. get to know --- know,
28.wear→put on
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如
begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能
与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear
leave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years
动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive, finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow等。
1.终止性动词的用法
1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。
2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
①他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.
②他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months.
①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法:
A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如:
①He has been dead for three years.
②He has been here for three months.
将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种: