初中英语延续性动词与非延续性动词

初中英语动词及动词考点1动词的基本框架动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。

按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。

(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。

I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。

注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。

(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。

常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。

2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。

Horses run fast.马跑得快。

(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。

We study English.我们学习英语。

(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。

(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。

①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。

此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。

②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。

延续动词与非延续动词的转换练习一、单项选择（）1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away（）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in（）3. The factory _______ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （）4. Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （）5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left（）6. The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over（）7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught（）8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became（）9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned（）10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead（）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept（）12. He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had（）13. -----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been（）14. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from（）15. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take（）16. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been（）17. Are you _____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on（）18. He ________ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up（）19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had （）20. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D二、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./ at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1) He came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become → be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up；die → be dead；leave sw. → be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep；finish/end → be over；marry → be married；1) I got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow → keep；lose → not have ；buy → ha ve ；put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold；get to know → know1) They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.三、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

（一）非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换在现在完成时态中，非延续性动词在肯定和疑问句中不能与for或since连用，要通过转换。

下列是初中英语中非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换：前面为不延续动词，后面为延续性动词1. reach—be in／atarrive in / at— be in / atcome to — be in / at2. come out—be outgo out —be out3. come／go —be in／at4. leave —be away / be away from﹢地点5. join —be a member of / be in the6. die —be dead7. catch a cold —have a cold8. begin—be onstart—be on9. put on —wear10. buy —have11. borrow —keep12. become —be13. fall asleep —be asleep14. fall ill — be illfall sick — sick15. open —be open16. lose —be lost／not have17. get to know —knowbegin to know —know18. go to sleep —sleepget to sleep —sleep19. get up —be up20. close —be closed21. finish / end —be over22. move —be out of23. break —be broken24. marry —be married25. go —be away26. wake —be awake27. open — be open28. close — be closed29. catch a cold — have a cold30. go out— be out.。

疑难解答1.问：怎样区别延续性动词和非延续性动词？它们在句中起到什么作用？答：延续性动词表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态，如：live，study，rain等。

这类动词可以和表示一段时间的词语连用，如在完成时中和“since短语”、“for短语”连用。

例如：1)He has lived here since 1960.（《新编英语语法》P447）2)He’s been ill for three years.（同上）非延续性动词所表示的行为过程不能延续，即是短暂的、瞬间的，动作发生后立即结束，如：arrive，begin，die等。

这类动词用在肯定句中时不能和表示一段时间的词语连用，但在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的词语连用。

例如：1)误：He has died for three years. （《初中英语语法学习新概念》P79）2)正：He has been dead for three years.（同上）3)正：I haven’t heard from him for two months.（同上）非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的词语连用，并不是说这类词不能用于肯定句。

例如：1)误：He has joined the party for 3 year. （《初中英语语法学习新概念》P78）2)正：He has joined the party. （同上）2.问：He felt （true）sorry about it. 答案是truly，但我认为feel是连系动词，后面应该接形容词true作表语，是吗？答：这一问题，涉及到两类语法现象：连系动词的用法和形容词与副词的用法。

连系动词，又称过程动词（见《朗文英语语法》P327），后接形容词补足语，表示状态的变化。

初中英语中常见的连系动词有：become，get，feel，turn，look，smell，sound，be等。

这些词后接形容词，修饰或说明主语。

延续性动词和非延续性动词考点分析作者：来源：《初中生·考试》2011年第07期动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1. 延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念1）延续性动词：表示可以延续的动作，且可以产生持久影响。

如：have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。

如：I have lived here for ten years.我在这已经住了十年。

2）非延续性动词：又称为终止性动词或瞬间动词。

表示不能延续的动作，一旦发生就立即结束。

如：finish，begin，come，go，open，close，leave，arrive，reach，get to,buy，borrow，lend等。

2. 延续性动词的用法延续性动词常用于现在完成时的句子中，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

如：for ten years，since 2008，how long等。

如：I have learned English since 2002.自从2002年，我就学英语了。

3. 非延续性动词的用法1）非延续性动词不能与how long引导的疑问句连用。

如：这本词典你买了多久？误：How long have you bought the dictionary?正：How long have you had the dictionary?你哥哥参军多久了？误：How long has your brother joined the army?正：How long has your brother been in the army?【体验中考】How long have you ______?For three days. （2010年滨州卷）A. got a headacheB. fallen illC. caught a coldD. had a cough［解析］get a headache（头疼），catch a cold（感冒），fall ill（生病）都是表示暂时性的动作，不能与表示一段时间的how long连用，答案为D。

一、延续性动词延续性动词，表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。

常见的这类动词有：b e，h a v e，ke e p，k n o w，l e a r n，l i e，l i v e，re a d，s i n g，s l e e p，s t a n d，s t a y，w a i t，w a l k，w a tc h等。

延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与f o r，h o w，l o n g，s i n c e 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。

例如：I h a v e l e a r n e d m o re t h a n1000C h i n e s e w o rd s s i n c e I c a m e t o C h i n a．自从来到中国，我已经学会了l千多个汉字。

I h a v e ke p t t h e p i c t u re f o r a b o u t t h re e y e a r s．。

这张画我保存了大约三年二、瞬间性动词瞬间性动词，又称为终止性动词或非延续性动词，它表示的动作不能延续，也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。

常见的这类动词有：a c c e p t，a r r i v e，b ec o m e，b e g i n，b o r ro w，b re a k，b u y，c a tc h，c l o s e，c o m e，d i e，e n d，f a l l，f i n i s h，g e t，g i v e，g o，j o i n，l e a v e，p u t，re a c h，re c e i v e，sh u t，s t a r t，s t o p等。

用在现在完成时要注意下面三点：①瞬间性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。

例如：T h e y h a v e re a c h e d S h a n g h a i．他们已经到达了上海。

初中英语同义句转换的九种类型同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。

它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：一、运用同义词（组）进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。

如：1. That day we could see flowers here and there.That day we could see flowers __________.分析：答案为everywhere。

everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。

2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.分析：答案为looks after。

take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。

如：1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.分析：答案为same as。

延续性动词和非延续性动词英语动词根据是否可以持续可分为两种,一种是延续性的(延续性动词),如如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live等；一种是终止性的（瞬间动词/点动词/非延续性动词）, 如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。

例如 I've left Shanghai for three days.(×)I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ )It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )1．终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：The plane has arrived飞机到了。

I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。

2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：①他死了三年了。

人教版初中英语动词分类表一、行为动词（Action Verbs）行为动词是用来描述人或事物所做的动作的词语。

1. 动作类行为动词（Action Verbs of Movement）：动作类行为动词（Action Verbs of Movement）：- run（跑）- walk（走）- jump（跳）- swim（游泳）- dance（跳舞）- speak（说话）- listen（听）- read（读）- write（写）二、状态动词（State Verbs）状态动词用来描述人或事物的状态，不表示动作。

1. 感官类状态动词（State Verbs of Senses）：感官类状态动词（State Verbs of Senses）：- see（看见）- hear（听见）- smell（闻到）- taste（品尝）- feel（感觉）2. 心理类状态动词（State Verbs of Mental Processes）：心理类状态动词（State Verbs of Mental Processes）：- think（思考）- believe（相信）- know（知道）- prefer（更喜欢）- remember（记得）三、延续性动词（Continuative Verbs）延续性动词用来表示一个动作或状态的持续性。

1. 持续动作类延续性动词（Continuative Verbs of Continuous Action）：持续动作类延续性动词（Continuative Verbs of Continuous Action）：- study（研究）- work（工作）- sing（唱歌）- play（玩）- sleep（睡觉）2. 持续状态类延续性动词（Continuative Verbs of Continuous State）：持续状态类延续性动词（Continuative Verbs of Continuous State）：- exist（存在）- belong（属于）- lie（躺）- sit（坐）- stand（站）四、完成性动词（Perfective Verbs）完成性动词用来表示一个动作或状态的完成。

初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。

短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。

一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。

如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。

如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词）Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。

初中英语中常见的有：例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段的状语连用。

初中常见的延续性动词延续性动词是在英语学习过程中一个很关键的知识点,以下内容包含了延续性动词、非延续性动词以及它的用法特征。

初中常见的延续性动词有哪些？延续性动词1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn、work、stand、lie、kn ow、walk、keep、have、wait、watch、sing、read、sleep、live、st ay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

2.延续性动词又名持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。

英语中的延续性动词比较多，如w ork，stand，lie，know等。

He worked all day in the laboratory. 他在实验室干了一天。

I waited for you for more than half an hour. 我等你等了半个多小时了。

表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he ca me here; since+时间点名词,since last year，since 5 days ago; ho w long; for a long time等。

延续性动词的用法特征延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。

表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years、during the past three years、since last year、how long等。

如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。

如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come、begin、get等终止性动词来表示。

“off”的几个初中常用短语
一、be off 离开，走开，延续性动词短语；go off 离开，非延续性动词短语，go off还有闹钟等发出声音。

1、I want to be off for 2 days. 我想离开两天。

2、When did you go off yesterday. 昨天你什么时候离开的。

3、The alarm clock went off this early morning. 闹钟在凌晨突然响了。

二、see off 送别，送行
1、I want to see off Mary at the station tomorrow. 明天我想到车站给玛丽送行。

2、We are going to see off our foreign friends at the airport tomorrow. 明天我们打算到机场送别我们的外国朋友。

三、put off 推迟，延期
1、The sportsmeeting must be put off because of the bad weather. 因为恶略的天气，运动会必须被推迟。

2、We decided to put off the meeting. 我们决定推迟会议。

四、set off 动身，启程，同义词set out
1、What time will you set off tomorrow？明天你们什么时候动身。