稳定S同位素 Stable S isotopes
• 大气降水 – 雨水中的硫主要是硫酸盐,来源复杂, δ34S 变化很大:海水、 生物成因的H2S、工业生产排放的SO2以及火山喷发的硫气体组 分等; – 在靠近海洋地区,大气降水的δ34S 接近于正常海水硫酸盐,被 认为是来自海喷雾的硫酸盐; – 在非工业区,δ34S 在3.2-8.2 ‰范围内变化; – 在工业区,δ34S 高达15.6 ‰,这一高值与燃烧煤的硫同位素一致; – 在某些地区,尤其是干旱区,雨水中的硫酸盐也可以来自陆相 蒸发岩,或者干盐湖和土壤中的硫酸盐矿物经风化被风吹扬到 空气中。
0 +20
1000lnaH2
S4+
(‰)
S6+
+2 to +8 -20 to -40 -10 to -40
S-1
S
硫同位素分馏 Fractionation of S isotopes
Biologically-mediated SO4 reduction
NOTE: the bacterial reduction of sulfate occurs via kinetic fractionation larger a
What happened at 55Ma? Why might this affect marine d34S? What does it mean that variations occur on timescales shorter than 20Ma (Rt of oceanic sulfur)?
SO aH S 1.025
4 2
but a varies widely, depends on environmental conditions Use equations from previous lecture to calculate d34S of sulfate, sulfide as a function of fraction remaining.