专题复习一 高中英语词汇词形转换总结

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1 专题复习一 高中英语词汇词形转换总结 一、名词的复数形式构成: 1. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数 (1) 加-s, 如:cafes, giraffes (2) 去f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves 歌诀记忆:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄;妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf);就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。这9个名词变复数时,都要改-f(e)为v,再加-es, 2. 以-o结尾的名词,变复数 (1) 加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos (2) 加es,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mangoes, Negro-Negroes hero-heroes 歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃芒果、西红柿(tomato)和马铃署 (potato)。除了这五个以-o结尾的名词加-es外,其余的以-o结尾的 词加-s。 3. 表示“国家”的名词变复数 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-Canadians American-Americans 歌诀记忆:中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变,英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变,其余s加后面。 4. 以复数形式出现的名词 2

goods货物 trousers/pants /jeans /shorts裤子 clothes衣服 glasses眼镜 5. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词 (1) maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 (2) news是不可数名词。 (3) the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。 6. 由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数 如:a man worker-two men workers(男工人) a woman doctor-two women doctors(女医生) 7. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es。例如: baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories, party-parties, lady-ladies, diary-diaries, century-centuries, copy-copies country, company, factory, family, memory, enemy, hobby, dictionary, university 8. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es,如: class, bus, boss, class, glass, dress, box , fox, watch, speech, , beach, church, sandwich, coach, match, inch, brush, dish, wish, fish 9. 其他不规则变化 man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, mouse-mice, fisherman-fishermen, policeman-policemen, chairman-chairmen, spaceman-spacemen, postman-postmen, salesman-salesmen, snowman-snowmen. 歌诀记忆:男人(man)女人(woman)a变e,鹅(goose)足(foot)牙(tooth) oo变ee, 孩子(child)加上ren,鱼(fish)鹿(deer) 绵羊(sheep)不用变。 [注]: fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。 3

二、代词 (人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成) 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 人称 代词

主格 I we you you he/she/it they

宾格 me us you you him/her/it them

物主 代词

形容词性

my our your your his/her/its their

名词性 mine ours yours yours his/hers/its theirs

反身 代词

myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves

三、数词 (基数词、序数词、分数、百分数) 常考查的序数词: first, second, third, fifth, twelfth, eighth, ninth, twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth, twenty-first 基变序, 有规律, 末尾加上th; 一二三特殊记, 八加h, 九去e, ve 要用f 替; y结尾变ie, 后跟th 莫忘记; 若想表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。 4

四、形容词和副词 (原级、比较级、最高级) (1) 一般在词尾加er/est: great—greater—greatest, young—younger—youngest, slow→slower→slowest (2) 以e结尾的词加r/st: nice—nicer—nicest, large—larger—largest, 再如: huge, wise, wide, fine, late (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y改i再加er/est: heavy—heavier—heaviest, easy—easier—easiest, busy—busier—busiest, funny—funnier—funniest, early—earlier—earliest, 再如: lucky, healthy, lazy, angry, happy, hungry (4) 以一个读短音的元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,双写该辅音字母再加er/est: big—bigger—biggest, thin—thinner—thinnest, fat—fatter—fattest, fit—fitter—fittest, wet—wetter—wettest, hot—hotter—hottest, 再如: mad, sad, glad (5) 多音节词在其前加more/most: careful→more careful—most careful, useful—more useful—most useful popular→more popular→most popular,slowly—more slowly—most slowly carelessly—more carelessly—most carelessly, more politely-most politely (6) 不规则变化的词 good/well→better→best ; bad/ill/badly→worse→worst many/much→more→most; little→less→least old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序) far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度) 5

五、动词:(原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词) 1. 第三人称单数: (1)-s buys, stays, plays, enjoys, destroys, says, ties, lies, waits, shops, begins (2)-es brush, rush, push, fish, wish, wash, teach, watch, catch, match, search, dress, miss, discuss, fix, relax do , go (3)去y加ies carry, hurry, worry, try, cry, dry(v.), fly, reply, copy, study, tidy (v), 2. 现在分词: (1)-ing waiting, raining, happening, visiting, suffering, seeing (2)去e加ing give, leave, have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause, prepare (3)双写辅音字母加ing sit, hit, cut, put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit begin, plan, win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap, rob, rub, kidnap, shop, drop, prefer, travel, quarrel, control (4) ie-ying die, lie, tie— dying, lying, tying 3. 过去式/过去分词 (规则变化) (1)-ed enjoyed, destroyed, stayed, played, waited, rained, happened, visited, suffered (2)e-d advise, ache, practice, arrive, believe, receive, refuse, share, continue, breathe, notice, manage, celebrate, change, score, communicate, dance, decide, describe, force, divide, encourage, hate, hope, move, waste, exercise, imagine, increase, cause, compare, care, complete, introduce, produce, provide, prove, promise, invite, praise, prepare, (3)双写辅音字母加ed chat, fit, clap, stop, step, shop, drop, rub, rob, kidnap, jog, plan, nod, prefer, travel, quarrel, control (4)去y 加 ied study, carry, hurry, worry, dry, try, cry, copy, reply, tidy(v.) (5)动词不规则变化表(附后)