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2013-Suppression of stripe rust and leaf rust resistances

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Suppressionofstriperustandleafrustresistancesininterspecificcrossesofwheat

WanquanChen•TaiguoLiu•LiGao

Received:24June2010/Accepted:4December2012ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013

AbstractStriperustandleafrustcausedbyPucci-niastriiformis(Ps)Westend.andP.triticina(Pt)Eriks.,respectively,areimportantfoliardiseasesofwheatworldwide.Breedingresistantwheatcultivarsisthepreferredstrategytocontrolthesediseases.Genesforresistancewhenintrogressedfromalienspeciesorwheatsoflowerploidyarefrequentlydilutedeffec-tivenessinthehexaploidwheatbackgroundorarecompletelysuppressed.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoexaminetheexpressionofwheatstriperustandleafrustresistancesderivedfromwildemmerwheatandAegilopstauschiiwhencombinedinsynthetichexaploidlines.Eightamphidiploidwheatlines,synthesizedbycrossingfivetetraploidwheats(AABB),viz.Triticumcarthlicumvar.darginicum,T.carthlicumvar.fuligioscum,T.dicoccoidesvar.fuligioscum,T.durumwithfivelinesofAe.tauschii(DD),wereevaluatedintheseedlingstageforresistancetofivepathotypesofstriperustcausedbyPsandfourpathotypesofleafrustcausedbyPt.Resistanceinoneorbothparentswasfrequentlysuppressedinsynthetichexaploidlines,indicatingthepresenceofsuppressorgenesinbothAe.tauschiiand

T.carthlicumvar.darginicum.SpecificsuppressionofresistancegenesintheparentalgenotypesandtopathotypesofPsandPtwerealsoobserved.Thepresenceandspecificityofthesuppressorsforrustresistanceobtainedinthisstudyprovidesusefulknowledgefordevelopingcultivarsresistanttobothrustsutilizingsuchgeneticstocksinwheatbreedingprograms.

KeywordsSyntheticwheatÁAmphidiploidÁGeneexpressionÁGeneticsuppression

StriperustofwheatcausedbyPucciniastriiformis(Ps)Westend.andleafrustofwheatcausedbyP.triticina(Pt)Eriks.areeconomicallyimportantinmostwheatgrowingareasoftheworld(Stubbs1985,1988;Line2002;Wellings2007),includingChina(ChenandXie1999;LiandZeng2002;Wanetal.2007).Forexample,epidemicsofwheatstriperusthaveoccurredannuallyinChinasince1950,eitheralloverthecountryorlocally,andtotallossesduetostriperustwereestimatedatabout60milliontonnesoverthepast57years(Chenetal.2007).Severeepidemicsin1950,1964,1990,and2002causedlossesof6.00,3.20,2.65,and1.40milliontonnes,respectively(LiandZeng2002;Wanetal.2004;Chenetal.2007,2009).Resistantcultivarsarethecheapest,mostreliable,andenvironmentallysafestwaytocontrolthedisease.

W.Chen(&)ÁT.LiuÁL.GaoStateKeyLaboratoryforBiologyofPlantDiseasesandInsectPests,InstituteofPlantProtection,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,WestYuanMingYuanRoad,Beijing100193,People’sRepublicofChinae-mail:wqchen@ippcaas.cn

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EuphyticaDOI10.1007/s10681-012-0854-2Agreatdealofefforthasbeenspentonenhancinggeneticdiversitybyseekingresistancegenesfromalienspeciesandsubsequentlyincorporatingthemintowheatcultivars.Variousresistancegenesoriginatedfromdurumwheat,andalienspecies,includingstriperustresistancegenesYr7,Yr8,Yr9,Yr15,Yr17,Yr24,Yr26andYr28andleafrustresistancegenesLr9,Lr14a,Lr19,Lr21(Syn.Lr40),Lr22a,Lr24,Lr25,Lr26,Lr28,Lr29,Lr32,Lr35,Lr36,Lr37,Lr38,Lr39(Syn.Lr41),andLr42(McIntoshetal.1995,2003).Recently,consider-ableattentionhasbeengiventoAegilopstauschiiasasourceofgenesforresistancetoinsectsanddiseases.Genesintrogressedtowheatfromalienspeciesfre-quentlyhaveproblemssuchasresistancesuppression,whichisobviouslyundesirable.Fortherusts,thiswasdemonstratedinsomeAustralianandNorthAmericanwheatcultivars,andsyntheticwheathexaploidgeno-types(Triticumturgidum/Aegilopssquarrosa)devel-opedbyCPRO-DLOinTheNetherlands,andintheCIMMYT,MexicoWideCrossesProgram(McIntoshandDyck1975;KerberandGreen1980;Kerber1991;BaiandKnott1992;Williamsetal.1992;Kemaetal.1995;Maetal.1995;Singhetal.1996;Knott2000).Thephenomenonofresistancesuppressionwasalsoreportedinwheatforreactiontopowderymildew(Blumariagraminis(DC)Speer)(Jorgensen1988,

1996;ZellerandHsam1996;Hanusˇova´etal.1996).AspecificsuppressorforleafrustresistancegeneLr23onchromosome2BS,designatedasSuLr23,waslocatedonchromosomearm2DSbetweenmolecularmarkersXbs128andXcdo405bymeansofRFLPgeneticmappingofwheat(Nelsonetal.1997).Agenesuppressingtherye-derivedpowderymildewresistancegenesPm8andPm17incommonwheatwaslocalizedonchromosome7Dbymonosomicanalysis(ZellerandHsam1996).ApossiblesecondsuppressorofPm8,designatedSuPm8,onchromosome1AS,wasassoci-atedwiththepresenceofastorage-proteinmarker.ThissuppressorwasspecificinsuppressingPm8,anddidnotaffecttherye-derivedresistantphenotypesofwheatlineswithPm7,orPm17(Renetal.1996,1997).Gainingmoreknowledgeofthepresence,specificityandactivityofthesuppressorsisafirststepindevelopingstrategiestopreventsuppressioneffectsinbreedingprograms(McIntoshandBrown1997).TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoexaminetheexpressionofwheatstriperustandleafrustresistancesderivedfromtetraploidwheatandAe.tauschiiwhencombinedinsynthetichexaploidlines.

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普通小麦‘Holdfast’条锈病成株抗性qTLw定位

普通小麦‘Holdfast’条锈病成株抗性qTLw定位


摘 要: Holdfast 是来自英国的小麦品种, 多年来一直保持良好的条锈病持久抗性。本研究目的是发掘 Holdfast 的条 锈病成株抗性基因及其紧密连锁的分子标记, 为小麦持久抗性品种选育提供材料和方法。利用铭贤 169 和 Holdfast 杂交后代重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RIL)群体, 于 2014—2015 和 2015—2016 年度在甘肃甘谷、甘肃中梁和 四川成都进行条锈病成株抗性鉴定, 并统计最大严重度(maximum disease severity, MDS)。基于小麦 660K SNP 芯片和 BSA (bulked segregant analysis)技术初步确定抗病基因所在的染色体后, 将目标区域的 SNP 标记转化为 KASP (Kompetitive allele specific PCR)标记, 检测整个 RIL 群体, 进行基因型分析。最后进行 RIL 群体条锈病成株抗性的 QTL 分析, 在 5AL 和 7AL 染色体上发现了 2 个成株抗性 QTL。5A 染色体长臂上 1 个条锈病成株抗性 QTL QYr.gaas5AL, 在所有环境下均存在, 可解释 6.5%~9.3%的表型变异; QYr.gaas-5AL 位于标记 Ax-109948955 和 Ax-108798241 之 间, 连锁距离分别为 0.5 cM 和 1.1 cM。在 7A 染色体长臂上定位到 1 个条锈病成株抗性 QTL QYr.gaas-7AL, 在 2015 年和 2016 年甘谷环境中均稳定存在, 分别解释 6.2%和 7.3%的表型变异; QYr.gaas-7AL 位于标记 Ax-110361069 和 Ax-108759561 之间, 连锁距离分别为 0.5 cM 和 0.7 cM。携带 QYr.gaas-5AL 和 QYr.gaas-7AL 抗病等位基因家系的 MDS 显著低于感病等位基因家系的 MDS, 表明 QYr.gaas-5AL 和 QYr.gaas-7AL 可有效降低条锈病严重度, 可应用于小麦抗 条锈育种。 关键词: 普通小麦; 条锈病; 成株抗性; SNP 标记; 连锁分析
我国玉米南方锈病的抗病育种进展和防治策略

我国玉米南方锈病的抗病育种进展和防治策略

2023年第11期专题论述21基金项目： 河南省科技攻关计划项目（2022010201）通信作者：王启磊我国玉米南方锈病的抗病育种进展和防治策略任雅琨1，2　韩　托2　朱胜男2　计怀春2　王启磊1，2（1农业农村部玉米小麦等作物优质抗逆精准育种重点实验室，郑州450001；2河南金苑种业股份有限公司，郑州450001）摘要：玉米南方锈病作为目前较为流行的气传性叶部病害，近几年来在我国玉米主产区不断蔓延。

玉米南方锈病主要危害玉米叶片、叶鞘，在后期影响玉米灌浆，对玉米生产构成严重威胁。

培育并推广抗南方锈病的玉米品种，利用多种方法综合防治仍是抑制南方锈病蔓延和爆发的主要手段。

阐述了我国玉米品种对南方锈病的抗性水平，进一步分析了国内外抗南方锈病的种质资源，探究了抗病基因的挖掘和功能基因的应用，最后提出了抗病育种、加强病害的监测和预警、适期进行化学防控、加强菌源小种的鉴定等综合防治策略，以期为我国南方锈病的防治提供参考。

关键词：玉米南方锈病；品种评价；种质鉴定；抗病基因；防治策略Progress of Resistance Breeding and Control Strategy ofSouthern Corn Rust in ChinaREN Yakun 1，2，HAN Tuo 2，ZHU Shengnan 2，JI Huaichun 2，WANG Qilei 1，2（1Key Laboratory of Maize ，Wheat and Other Crops High-Quality Stress-Resistant Precision Breeding ，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ，Zhengzhou 450001；2Henan Jinyuan Seed Industry Co.，Ltd.，Zhengzhou 450001）玉米南方锈病是由多堆柄锈菌引起的一种气流性传播病害，主要危害玉米叶片、叶鞘。

玉米瘤黑粉病抗性资源筛选及遗传分析

玉米瘤黑粉病抗性资源筛选及遗传分析

玉米瘤黑粉病抗性资源筛选及遗传分析肖明纲1，2（1黑龙江省农业科学院生物技术研究所，黑龙江哈尔滨150028；2黑龙江省农业科学院博士后工作站，黑龙江哈尔滨150086）摘要为引进和利用玉米瘤黑粉病抗性资源，2018—2020年连续3年对35份玉米自交系进行了瘤黑粉病抗性鉴定与评价，并利用F2群体对9份高抗材料进行了玉米瘤黑粉病抗性遗传分析、测验证明了抗病植株和感病植株分离比例及适合性。

结果表明，筛选到抗病材料18份，其中：高抗玉米瘤黑粉病材料9份，占鉴定材料的25.7%；抗病材料5份，占鉴定材料的14.3%；中抗材料4份，占鉴定材料的11.4%。

筛选到感病材料17份，占鉴定材料的48.6%。

自交系Z16HEB-397、Z16HEB-401、Z16HEB-407、Z17HEB-5和Z17HEB-8对玉蜀黍黑粉菌的抗性可能受1对显性单基因控制。

关键词玉米自交系；玉米瘤黑粉病；抗性评价；遗传分析中图分类号S435.131.4+1文献标识码A文章编号1007-5739（2023）05-0083-04DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2023.05.022开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：Screening of Resistance Resources to Maize Common Smut and Genetics AnalysisXIAO Minggang1,2(1Biotechnology Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang150028;2Postdoctoral Workstation,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang150086)Abstract In order to introduce and utilize resistance resources of maize common smut,35maize inbred lines were identified and evaluated for resistance to common smut for three consecutive years from2018to2020.Genetic analysis of resistance of9highly resistance materials to maize common smut was carried out by using F2population,and the separation ratio and suitability of resistant and susceptible plants were proved.The results showed that a total of 18resistance materials were screened,among which,9materials were highly resistant,accounting for25.7%of the identified materials;there were5resistance materials,accounting for14.3%of the identified materials;there were 4medium resistance materials,accounting for11.4%of the identified materials.A total of17sensitive materials were screened,accounting for48.6%of the identified materials.Resistance of Z16HEB-397,Z16HEB-401,Z16HEB-407, Z17HEB-5and Z17HEB-8inbred lines to Ustilago zeae（Beckm.）unger may be controlled by one pair of dominant single gene.Keywords maize inbred line;maize common smut;resistance evaluation;genetic analysis玉米瘤黑粉病是我国玉米生产中的一种重要病害，由玉蜀黍黑粉菌（Ustilago zeae（Beckm.）unger）侵染引起，在我国普遍发生[1-2]。

玉米种质资源抗南方锈病鉴定与评价

玉米种质资源抗南方锈病鉴定与评价

玉米种质资源抗南方锈病鉴定与评价杜青;唐照磊;李石初;农倩;覃兰秋【摘要】[Objective]Relevant information of maize germplasm resources against southern corn rust was complemented to provide references for continual resistant breeding and maize production.[Method]Qi 319 and Huangzaosi were used as high resistant control and high susceptible control,respectively.The artificial supplementary inoculation was used to evaluate resistance level of 379 maize germplasm resources to southern corn rust.[Result]Among 352 germplasm resources from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT),the numbers of inbred lines identified as HR,R,MR,S,HS were 139,104,38,40 and 31,accounting for 39.49％,29.55％,10.80％,11.36％ and 8.80％ of the total germplasm resources,respectively.Among 12 Chinese temperate maize inbred lines,two were identified as HR or R and 10 were identified as S orHS.Among 15 maize hybrids,10 were identified R or HR and five were identified as S or HS.[Conclusion]Most common maize varieties in Guangxi presented good resistance to SCR in this research.A lot of CIMMYT maize inbred lines were resistant gerplasm resources to SCR.%[目的]完善玉米种质资源对玉米南方锈病的抗性信息,为可持续性抗病育种和玉米生产提供参考依据.[方法]以齐319和黄早四为高抗(HR)和高感(HS)对照,采用人工辅助接种法对379份玉米种质资源进行抗南方锈病鉴定.[结果]352份国际小麦玉米改良中心(CIMMYT)的玉米自交系中,表现HR(高抗)、R(抗)、MR(中抗)、S(感)、HS(高感)的份数依次为139、104、38、40和31份,所占比率分别为39.49％、29.55％、10.80％、11.36％和8.80％；12份温带玉米自交系中,两份表现为HR或R,10份表现为S 或HS；15份玉米杂交种中,10份表现为R或MR,5份表现为S或HS.[结论]目前广西主推的普通玉米品种大部分对玉米南方锈病有较好的抗性；CIMMYT的玉米自交系中存在丰富的抗锈病资源.【期刊名称】《南方农业学报》【年(卷),期】2013(044)005【总页数】4页(P765-768)【关键词】玉米;种质资源;南方锈病;抗病性;抗性鉴定【作者】杜青;唐照磊;李石初;农倩;覃兰秋【作者单位】广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530227;广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530227;广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530227;广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530227;广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530227【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S435.131.40 引言【研究意义】玉米南方锈病（Puccinia polusora Underw.）是近年来在我国发生呈明显上升趋势的病害，对我国玉米生产造成严重威胁。